Scaling, Leakage Current Suppression, and Simulation of Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors.

Carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNTFETs) are becoming a strong competitor for the next generation of high-performance, energy-efficient integrated circuits due to their near-ballistic carrier transport characteristics and excellent suppression of short-channel effects. However, CNT FETs with large diameters and small band gaps exhibit obvious bipolarity, and gate-induced drain leakage (GIDL) contributes significantly to the off-state leakage current. Although the asymmetric gate strategy and feedback gate (FBG) structures proposed so far have shown the potential to suppress CNT FET leakage currents, the devices still lack scalability.

Convex wrapping description of biarticular hip muscles for patient-specific musculoskeletal modeling.

Determination of hip muscle paths and their moment arms is crucial in subject-specific musculoskeletal modeling. Existing approaches, including via-point, obstacle-set, and others, cannot estimate a smooth path for biarticular muscles such as iliopsoas. This study proposed a modified convex wrapping algorithm based on subject-specific medical imaging to prevent the predicted path from penetrating its underlying bone geometries.

Development and interpretation of a pathomics-based model for the prediction of immune therapy response in colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with a 5-year survival rate below 20 %. Immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint blockade (ICB)-based therapies, has become an important approach for CRC treatment. However, only specific patient subsets demonstrate significant clinical benefits.

Dynamic Growth Monitoring of Based on Microwave Sensor Array.

YPH499 participated in the brewing process of alcoholic products as a key strain. However, there is no effective method for real-time and non-contact monitoring of the dynamic growth of YPH499. In this study, we proposed a nested split-ring resonator (NSRR) array and established a microwave monitoring system for real-time and non-contact monitoring of YPH499.

Mutational landscape and clinical implications of VHL in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a multi-dataset analysis of 1377.

Purpose: Kidney cancer stands as a threat worldwide, with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) emerging as its predominant subtype. Through the establishment of extensive databases, the somatic mutations associated with ccRCC are successfully pinpointed. The tumor suppressor gene Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) is commonly mutated in ccRCC.

Mesoscopic Structure of Lipid Nanoparticles Studied by Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering: A Spherical Core-Triple Shell Model Analysis.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are widely recognized as effective drug delivery systems for RNA therapeutics because their efficacy is critically dependent on structural organization. The mesoscopic architecture of these multicomponent systems, which is governed by interactions among ionizable lipids, structural lipids, nucleic acids, and stabilizers, dictates encapsulation efficiency, biodistribution, and therapeutic performance. Although small-angle X-Ray scattering (SAXS) enables nanostructure characterization, the absence of suitable analytical models has hindered LNP development.

Discovery of a novel binding pocket in PPARγ for partial agonists: structure-based virtual screening identifies ginsenoside Rg5 as a partial agonist promoting beige adipogenesis.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a key target for metabolic disorders that contribute to obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, full agonists such as thiazolidinediones (TZDs) have limitations in terms of side effects. Selective PPARγ modulators (SPPARγMs) that target alternative binding pockets offer the potential for safer partial agonists.

Disruption of the Gene Impairs Growth and Virulence in through Downregulation of the Shikimate Pathway.

The gene, encoding long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase, plays an essential role in the fatty acid metabolism of , a pathogenic bacterium known to cause neonatal infections. Here, we investigate the functional consequences of gene knockout and its effect on bacterial growth and virulence. Our findings demonstrate that deletion leads to significantly reduced bacterial growth and virulence in a murine infection model.

An Acylhydrazone Fluorescent Sensor: Bifunctional Detection of Thorium (IV) and Vanadyl Ions over Uranyl and Lanthanide Ions.

Thorium is a notable candidate for resolving uranium shortage caused by the global application of nuclear power generation. Uranium extraction from seawater is another attempt to handle its source deficiency, however, vanadium is one of the main competitive elements in that process. Exploration of probes which can discriminatively detect thorium and vanadium from uranium has primary significance for their further separation and for environmental protection.

Solvent-annealing-induced microphase separation in polyether polyurethane: a small-angle X-ray scattering study.

This study investigated the effects of solvent vapor annealing on the microphase separation structure of polyurethane (PU) using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and complementary techniques. Solvent annealing, as an alternative to thermal annealing, offers a lower-temperature method to refine the microstructure of PU. We examined the impact of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), acetone and toluene vapors on a commercial polyether PU, focusing on changes in microphase structure, adsorption kinetics and thermal stability.

3D-Printed Biomimetic Vascular Scaffold Crosslinked with Heparan Sulfate for Sustained Release of PDGFB-LG4 Fusion Protein Promotes Bone Regeneration.

A central focus of bone tissue engineering is the construction of vascular systems, which provide nutrients for cell survival, remove metabolic waste, and accelerate tissue regeneration. Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGFB) has the ability to stimulate both vascularization and bone regeneration; however, its clinical application has been hindered by side effects and low efficacy due to suboptimal delivery systems. In this study, a biomimetic vascular scaffold crosslinked with heparan sulfate (HS) is developed to enable sustained delivery of the PDGFB-LG4 fusion protein, targeting the regeneration of critically sized bone defects.

α-Lipoate Functionalized Triblock Copolymers Enable In Situ Exfoliation of Molybdenum(IV) Disulfide into Nanosheets in Base Oils for Enhanced Friction and Wear Reduction.

Although the nanosheet of molybdenum(IV) disulfide (MoS) has been widely recognized as a high-performance green nanoadditive for friction reduction and wear resistance, its low isolated yield and poor colloidal stability in lubricating base oils have become bottlenecks for practical tribological applications. In this work, we report the synthesis of α-lipoate functionalized triblock copolymers and their utilization in directly dispersing bulky MoS as a form of oleogels. The resulting polymer-inorganic composite oleogels are characterized by microscopic imaging, small-angle X-ray scattering, and rheology, demonstrating that the bulky MoS is exfoliated in situ into nanosheets driven by multiple Mo-S coordinating bonds.

Metalloenzyme-Inspired Cluster Fabrication within Mesoporous Channels Featuring Optimized Catalytic Microenvironments for Efficient Neutral pH HO Electrosynthesis.

In nature, some metalloenzymes facilitate highly efficient catalytic transformations of small molecules, primarily attributed to the effective coupling between their metal cluster active sites and the surrounding microenvironment. Inspired by this, a thermotropic redispersion strategy to incorporate bismuth nanoclusters (Bi NCs) into mesoporous channels, mimicking metalloenzyme-like catalysis to enhance the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e ORR) for efficient neutral pH HO electrosynthesis, is developed. This model electrocatalyst exhibits exceptional 2e ORR performance with >95% HO selectivity across 0.

FGF2 Mediated USP42-PPARγ Axis Activation Ameliorates Liver Oxidative Damage and Promotes Regeneration.

Liver regeneration is critical for maintaining whole-body homeostasis, especially under exposure to deadly chemical toxins. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying liver repair is critical for the development of intervention strategies to treat liver diseases. In this study, ubiquitin-specific Proteases 42 (USP42) is identified as a novel deubiquitinases (DUB) of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in hepatocytes.

Ordered Mesoporous Silica Prepared with Biodegradable Gemini Surfactants as Templates for Environmental Applications.

Mesoporous silica sieves have been prepared through sol-gel synthesis using diester gemini surfactants as pore templates, aiming to obtain new materials with potential use for water remediation. A series of mesoporous spherical silica particles of submicron size have been prepared in an alkali-catalyzed reaction, using a tetraethyl orthosilicate precursor and bis-quaternary ammonium gemini surfactants with diester spacers of varied lengths as pore-forming agents. The effect of the spacer length on the particle morphology was studied using nitrogen porosimetry, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), ultra-small-angle neutron scattering, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM).

Experimental and Computational Study on U(VI) Sorption Mechanisms of Single-Layered TiCT Nanosheets.

Environmental contamination by U(VI) from radioactive wastewater has become a challenging concern in the development of nuclear energy. A highly efficient recovery of U(VI) from wastewater is essential for environmental remediation and can mitigate the depletion of conventional uranium resources. This study describes the synthesis of single-layered TiCT nanosheets by chemical exfoliation using ultrasonography.

Combined effect of frequency, grain size, and sound path on phased array ultrasonic spectrum and attenuation.

Phased array ultrasonic attenuation method has received increasing attention and application in material characterization. However, the combined effect of frequency, grain size, and sound path on the phased array ultrasonic spectrum and attenuation has not been precisely understood. In this study, this combined effect is identified.

An Integrated Microfluidic Microwave Array Sensor with Machine Learning for Enrichment and Detection of Mixed Biological Solution.

In this work, an integrated microfluidic microwave array sensor is proposed for the enrichment and detection of mixed biological solution. In individuals with urinary tract infections or intestinal health issues, the levels of white blood cells (WBCs) and () in urine or intestinal extracts can be significantly elevated compared to normal. The proposed integrated chip, characterized by its low cost, simplicity of operation, fast response, and high accuracy, is designed to detect a mixed solution of WBCs and .

Hydrogen Peroxide Electrosynthesis via Selective Oxygen Reduction Reactions Through Interfacial Reaction Microenvironment Engineering.

The electrochemical two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e ORR) offers a compelling alternative for decentralized and on-site HO production compared to the conventional anthraquinone process. To advance this electrosynthesis system, there is growing interest in optimizing the interfacial reaction microenvironment to boost electrocatalytic performance. This review consolidates recent advancements in reaction microenvironment engineering for the selective electrocatalytic conversion of O to HO.

Expression of NGF, proNGF, p75 in lung injury induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in young and elderly rats.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the expression levels of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF), the precursor form of NGF (proNGF), and p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75) in lung injury induced by cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion (I/R) in both young and elderly rats.

Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats, categorized as young (3-months-old) and elderly (16-months-old), were divided into four experimental groups: Young Sham, Young I/R, Elderly Sham, and Elderly I/R. Each group underwent either sham surgery or ischemia-reperfusion treatment.

A coloaded liposome in situ gel as a novel therapeutic strategy to treat cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury.

Background: Ischemic stroke has become one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide in individuals aged 60 and above. However, currently available drugs show limited efficacy. Therefore, research to find more effective and safer therapeutic strategies is an urgent requirement for the treatment of cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury (CIRI).

Re-Evaluating PIN1 as a Therapeutic Target in Oncology Using Neutral Inhibitors and PROTACs.

Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (PIN1) has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment. However, the current PIN1 inhibitors have shown limited efficacy in animal models, leaving the question of whether PIN1 is a proper oncologic target still unanswered. By screening a 1 trillion DNA-encoded library (DEL), we identified novel nonacidic compounds.

Suppression of FOXC1 induces pyroptosis of the coronary artery through activation of JAK2.

Background And Aims: Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) triggers endothelial pyroptosis and is associated with a multitude of pathological cardiovascular manifestations, including atherosclerosis. However, the associated transcriptional regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated a novel transcriptional regulator upstream of JAK2.