Development and validation of a prediction model based on a nomogram for tuberculous pleural effusion.

Background: Diagnosing tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) is challenging. There is a lack of cross-sectional lateral comparisons among TPE prediction models.

Objectives: We aimed to develop and validate a novel TPE prediction model and compare its diagnostic performance with that of existing models.

The rising burden of Alzheimer's and other dementias: role of high fasting plasma glucose from 1990 to 2021.

Background: Dementia, one of the top 10 causes of death globally, imposes significant health and socioeconomic/socioeconomic burdens, with prevalence projected to reach 82 million by 2030. High fasting plasma glucose (HFPG) is a prominent modifiable risk factor for dementia in 2021. This study aims first to examine the global trend in dementia burden and the disability-adjusted life years and death attributable to HFPG from 1990 to 2021 and second to define age-specific disparities in dementia burden among older populations.

Preoperative MRI-based deep learning reconstruction and classification model for assessing rectal cancer.

Background: To determine whether deep learning reconstruction (DLR) could improve the image quality of rectal MR images, and to explore the discrimination of the TN stage of rectal cancer by different readers and deep learning classification models, compared with conventional MR images without DLR.

Methods: Images of high-resolution T2-weighted, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging (CE-T1WI) from patients with pathologically diagnosed rectal cancer were retrospectively processed with and without DLR and assessed by five readers. The first two readers measured the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the lesions.

Clinical evaluation of day surgery for anal fistula excision with MRI-assisted diagnosis: a retrospective analysis of 121 cases.

Objective: The clinical practice of anal fistula excision surgeries conducted in the day surgery unit was analyzed, and the efficacy and safety of this surgery were evaluated.

Methods: The clinical data of 121 patients with anal fistulas who underwent excision surgery at Changhai Hospital from October 2021 to April 2024 was retrospectively analyzed, including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), diagnosis, fistula characteristics (number and locations of internal and external openings), preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of fistulas, surgical and anesthetic methods, length of hospital stay, verbal rating scale (VRS), outpatient follow-up frequency, wound healing status, rehabilitation time, postoperative complications, and patient satisfaction. Kappa statistics were employed to evaluate the value of MRI in assessing the Parks classification and the number of fistulas compared with that of intraoperative findings.

The causal association between circulating metabolites and Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of Mendelian randomization studies.

Introduction/objective: Some Mendelian randomization (MR) studies have found that there may be a genetic causal relationship between circulating metabolites and Alzheimer 's disease (AD), but the strength of evidence and the direction of association are not always consistent. In this study, a systematic review and meta-analysis of all the literature using MR methods to study the causal relationship between metabolites and AD was conducted to enhance the robustness and correlation of predicting genetic causality.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive review of Mendelian randomization (MR) studies which are within the timeframe of all years to 20 December 2023.

Patterns of Co-infection of HPV52 With Other HPV Genotypes and Their Risks of Cervical Precancer and Carcinoma.

Human papillomavirus 52 (HPV52) is the second most frequent HPV type in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) cases in China. However, few researchers have explored the co-infection of HPV52 with other HPV genotypes and their correlation with cervical lesions. In this study, 13,809 HPV52-positive patients visiting the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University from 2018 to 2023 were included in the first stage to investigate the risk of cervical lesions among different multiple infection patterns.

Genome Editing in the Yellow Fever Mosquito Aedes aegypti using CRISPR-Cas9.

The emergence of the clustered, regularly interspersed, short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 technology has revolutionized the genetic engineering field and opened the doors for precise genome editing in multiple species, including non-model organisms. In the mosquito Aedes aegypti, loss-of-function mutations and DNA insertions have been accomplished with this technology. Here, we describe a detailed protocol for genome editing through embryonic microinjection in the mosquito A.

Investigating the prognostic value of lateral mesorectum using preoperative high-resolution MRI in patients with rectal cancer.

Background: To explore the lateral mesorectum structures and develop a nomogram model for predicting the prognosis of rectal cancer (RC) patients using preoperative high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods: Patients who underwent radical resection of RC in our hospital from January 2017 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Imaging data and postoperative 3-year prognosis data of patients were collected.

Establishing a dominant early larval sex-selection strain in the Asian malaria vector Anopheles stephensi.

Background: Genetic biocontrol interventions targeting mosquito-borne diseases require the release of male mosquitoes exclusively, as only females consume blood and transmit pathogens. Releasing only males eliminates the risk of increasing mosquito bites and spreading pathogens while enabling effective population control. The aim of this study is to develop robust sex-sorting methods for early larval stages in mosquitoes, enabling scalable male-only releases for genetic biocontrol interventions.

Predicting disease-free survival in locally advanced rectal cancer using a prognostic model based on pretreatment b-value threshold map and postoperative pathologic features.

Purpose: Disease-free survival (DFS) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) is an important factor in affecting the quality of life and determining the subsequent treatment procedures for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). This study aimed to develop a novel prognostic model for predicting the DFS in patients with LARC following nCRT and to verify its effectiveness.

Materials And Methods: Patients with LARC who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nCRT at our institution between November 2017 and March 2022 were enrolled in this retrospective study.

High blood eosinophils predict the risk of COPD exacerbation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The association between blood eosinophils and COPD exacerbation has been controversial. This study aims to investigate whether high blood eosinophils predict the risk of COPD exacerbation across different thresholds and subgroups.

Methods: PubMed, Embase and Web of science were searched for randomized controlled trial (RCT) and observational studies regarding the relationship between blood eosinophils and COPD exacerbation.

Establishing a Male-Positive Genetic Sexing Strain in the Asian Malaria Vector .

Genetic biocontrol interventions targeting mosquito-borne diseases require the release of male mosquitoes exclusively, as only females consume blood and transmit human pathogens. This reduces the risk of spreading pathogens while enabling effective population control. Robust sex sorting methods to enable early larval sorting in mosquitoes need to be developed to allow for scalable sex sorting for genetic biocontrol interventions.

NGEF is a potential prognostic biomarker and could serve as an indicator for immunotherapy and chemotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: Neuronal guanine nucleotide exchange factor (NGEF) plays a key role in several cancers; however, its role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of NGEF as a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for LUAD.

Methods: NGEF expression data for multiple cancers and LUAD were downloaded from multiple databases.

Deep learning-based clinical-radiomics nomogram for preoperative prediction of lymph node metastasis in patients with rectal cancer: a two-center study.

Background: Precise preoperative evaluation of lymph node metastasis (LNM) is crucial for ensuring effective treatment for rectal cancer (RC). This research aims to develop a clinical-radiomics nomogram based on deep learning techniques, preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical characteristics, enabling the accurate prediction of LNM in RC.

Materials And Methods: Between January 2017 and May 2023, a total of 519 rectal cancer cases confirmed by pathological examination were retrospectively recruited from two tertiary hospitals.

A prognostic model for ovarian neoplasms established by an integrated analysis of 1580 transcriptomic profiles.

Even after debulking surgery combined with chemotherapy or new adjuvant chemotherapy paired with internal surgery, the average year of disease free survival in advanced ovarian cancer was approximately 1.7 years. The development of a molecular predictor of early recurrence would allow for the identification of ovarian cancer (OC) patients with high risk of relapse.

Knowledge-embedded spatio-temporal analysis for euploidy embryos identification in couples with chromosomal rearrangements.

Background: The goal of the assisted reproductive treatment is to transfer one euploid blastocyst and to help infertile women giving birth one healthy neonate. Some algorithms have been used to assess the ploidy status of embryos derived from couples with normal chromosome, who subjected to preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) treatment. However, it is currently unknown whether artificial intelligence model can be used to assess the euploidy status of blastocyst derived from populations with chromosomal rearrangement.

Predictive value of modified MRI-based split scar sign (mrSSS) score for pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for patients with rectal cancer.

Purpose: To measure the diagnostic performance of modified MRI-based split scar sign (mrSSS) score for the prediction of pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) for patients with rectal cancer.

Methods: The modified MRI-based split scar sign (mrSSS) score, which consists of T2-weighted images (T2WI)-based score and diffusion-weighted images (DWI)-based score. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of modified mrSSS score, endoscopic gross type, and MRI-based tumor regression grading (mrTRG) score, in the prediction of pCR, were compared.

DNA Methylation Profiling in a Cigarette Smoke-Exposed Mouse Model of Airway Inflammation.

Purpose: DNA methylation, a major epigenetic modification, has been documented to play an important role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this study, we aimed to profile the DNA methylation patterns in a mouse model of airway inflammation induced by cigarette smoke (CS), a foremost risk factor of COPD.

Material And Methods: To establish a model of airway inflammation, wild-type mice were exposed to mainstream CS or room air for 2 hours twice daily, 6 days per week for consecutive 4 weeks.

Microbiome composition is shaped by geography and population structure in the parasitic wasp Asobara japonica, but not in the presence of the endosymbiont Wolbachia.

The microbial community composition is crucial for diverse life-history traits in many organisms. However, we still lack a sufficient understanding of how the host microbiome is acquired and maintained, a pressing issue in times of global environmental change. Here we investigated to what extent host genotype, environmental conditions, and the endosymbiont Wolbachia influence the bacterial communities in the parasitic wasp Asobara japonica.

Signature based on RNA-binding protein-related genes for predicting prognosis and guiding therapy in non-small cell lung cancer.

Studies have reported that RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are dysregulated in multiple cancers and are correlated with the progression and prognosis of disease. However, the functions of RBPs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain unclear. The present study aimed to explore the function of RBPs in NSCLC and their prognostic and therapeutic value.

Prediction of tumor budding in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma using b-value threshold map.

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of b-value threshold (b) map in preoperative evaluation of tumor budding (TB) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC).

Methods: Patients with LARC were enrolled and underwent diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) between the lesions and normal tissues was assessed using DWI and b maps.

A ferroptosis-related gene signature for overall survival prediction and immune infiltration in lung squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Ferroptosis is associated with cancer initiation and progression. However, the molecular mechanism and prognostic value of ferroptosis-related genes in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) are poorly understood.

Methods: The mRNA expression profiles, methylation data, and clinical information of patients with LUSC were downloaded from TCGA and GEO database.

BmNPV Orf 65 (Bm65) Is Identified as an Endonuclease Directly Facilitating UV-Induced DNA Damage Repair.

Baculoviruses have been used as biopesticides for the control of Lepidoptera larvae. However, solar UV radiation reduces the activity of baculovirus. In this study, an UV endonuclease, Bm65, was found encoded in the genome of Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV).

Multi-Omics Analysis and Machine Learning Prediction Model for Pregnancy Outcomes After Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection- Fertilization.

Background: To explore the methylation profiles in cumulus cells (CCs) of women undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection- fertilization (ICSI-IVF) and establish a prediction model of pregnancy outcomes using machine learning approaches.

Methods: Methylation data were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and differentially methylated genes (DMGs) were subjected to gene set analyses. Support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and logistic regression (LR) were used to establish the prediction model, and microarray data from GEO was analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with the dichotomous outcomes of clinical pregnancy (pregnant vs.