Photo-homogenization assisted segregation easing technique (PHASET) for highly efficient and stable wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells.

Wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) can exceed the Shockley-Queisser limit in tandem solar cells (TSCs), but phase segregation under continuous illumination limits their stability. Using in-situ microscopic characterizations, we investigate the dynamics of photon-induced phase segregation. Initial light soaking drives iodide diffusion into a metastable state, but continued redistribution increases the phase separation energy barrier, resulting in a more stable, segregation-resistant state.

[Research progress in biomechanics of different fixation methods for medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy].

Objective: To summarize the biomechanical research progress on different fixation methods in medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) and provide references for selecting appropriate fixation methods in clinical applications of MOWHTO for treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA).

Methods: Recent domestic and international literature on the biomechanical studies of MOWHTO fixation methods was reviewed to analyze the characteristics and biomechanical performance of various fixation techniques.

Results: The medial-specific osteotomy plate system has become the mainstream due to its high stiffness and stability, but issues such as soft tissue irritation and stress shielding remain.

A comparative study of internal fixation with porous tantalum screws and cannulated screws in the treatment of femoral neck fractures.

Femoral neck fractures (FNF) are a significant concern, particularly in elderly patients with osteoporosis and younger individuals experiencing high-energy traumas. Traditional treatments, like cannulated compression screws (CCSs), often result in complications such as avascular necrosis (AVN). This study evaluated the effectiveness of bidirectional compression porous tantalum screws (BCPTSs) against conventional CCSs in FNF treatment.

Osteonecrosis: A More Appropriate Term than Avascular Necrosis-Pathophysiologic Rationale.

Background: Nontraumatic osteonecrosis has historically been attributed to vascular insufficiency, leading to oxygen and nutrient deprivation and subsequent bone death. However, terminology used to describe this condition remains inconsistent and often fails to capture its complex pathogenesis. Terms such as "avascular necrosis" and "ischemic necrosis" may inappropriately emphasize vascular mechanisms, potentially limiting diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Research progress on osteoclast regulation by biodegradable magnesium and its mechanism.

Continuous advancements in medical technology and biomaterials have underscored the significant advantages of biodegradable implant materials for bone repair and remodelling over traditional inert metallic implants. Notably, biodegradable magnesium-based materials have gained much attention because of their optimal corrosion rates. Importantly, extensive clinical experience has resulted in the use of biodegradable magnesium-based orthopaedic implants.

[Research progress in three-dimensional-printed bone scaffolds combined with vascularized tissue flaps for segmental bone defect reconstruction].

Objective: To review and summarize the research progress on repairing segmental bone defects using three-dimensional (3D)-printed bone scaffolds combined with vascularized tissue flaps in recent years.

Methods: Relevant literature was reviewed to summarize the application of 3D printing technology in artificial bone scaffolds made from different biomaterials, as well as methods for repairing segmental bone defects by combining these scaffolds with various vascularized tissue flaps.

Results: The combination of 3D-printed artificial bone scaffolds with different vascularized tissue flaps has provided new strategies for repairing segmental bone defects.

Application of Three-Dimensional Printing Integrated Acetabular Prosthesis In the Treatment of Hip Dysplasia In Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Background: The purpose of our study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of a three-dimensional printed integrated acetabular prosthesis (IAP) in total hip arthroplasty (THA) for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) with different Crowe types.

Methods: A total of 85 patients (106 hips) who had DDH (Crowe types I to IV) and who underwent THA at the Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, were retrospectively analyzed. All the operations were successfully completed, and the postoperative follow-up time was 26.

Nucleation-Layer Assisted Quasi-2D Ruddlesden-Popper Tin Perovskite Solar Cells with High Oxygen Stability.

Tin (Sn)-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are extremely vulnerable to oxygen. Nevertheless, mechanism understanding and fundamental strategies to achieve oxygen-stable Sn-based PSCs are lacking. Here a nucleation-layer assisted (NLA) strategy by forming nucleation layer at the interface of hole transport layer and perovskite to attain highly oxygen-stable quasi-2D Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) Sn-based PSCs is reported.

Interface Engineering by Small Molecules toward Efficient Hole Transport Layer-Free Sn-Pb Perovskite Solar Cells with High Fill Factors.

Low-bandgap (LBG) tin-lead (Sn-Pb) perovskites are essential for tandem solar cells but face challenges because the use of a hygroscopic PEDOT:PSS hole transport layer (HTL) reduces device stability. A HTL-free structure can overcome these issues but introduces new drawbacks like imbalanced carrier transport and severe recombination. This study introduces 3-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole (AMTZ) as a rear interface passivator to simultaneously mitigate defects and stabilize Sn-Pb perovskite films.

Synergistic immobilization of ions in mixed tin-lead and all-perovskite tandem solar cells.

Low-bandgap (LBG) mixed tin-lead (Sn-Pb) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) suffer from inferior performance due to their high defect density. Conventionally, ethylenediammonium diiodide (EDADI) is used as a surface passivator to reduce defects and improve device photovoltaic performance, but it introduces severe hysteresis caused by excessive mobilized ions at the top interface. Here, we report a mobile ion suppressing strategy of using hydrazine monohydrochloride (HM) as a bulk passivator to anchor the free ions in LBG perovskites.

Hydrochloric Acid-Assisted Layered Perovskite CsMnCl 2HO Single Crystals for Sensitive and Stable X-ray Detection with Anisotropic Response.

Low-dimensional lead-free perovskite single crystals (SCs) have exhibited great potential in high-energy ionizing radiation detections owing to their outstanding sensitivity and charge transport properties. However, the preparation of chlorine-based SCs is more challenging due to their low solubility in organic solvents and acidic solutions. In this work, we report a universal growth strategy of hydrochloric acid-assisted temperature lowering for low-dimensional layered perovskite CsMnCl·2HO SCs.

Customized Multifunctional Additive Regulates 1.67 eV-Wide-Bandgap Perovskite Crystallization for Four-Terminal Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells.

Wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cells (PSCs, E > 1.6 eV), serving as the top cell in perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells (PSTSCs), play an indispensable role in absorbing high energy photons and increasing overall efficiency. However, WBG PSCs often suffer from severe light-induced phase segregation and significant non-radiative recombination losses due to uncontrolled rapid crystallization.

Internal fixation with biodegradable high purity magnesium screws in the treatment of ankle fracture.

Background: Metal plates and screws are widely used as internal fixations in the treatment of ankle fracture. However, there are many disadvantages such as "stress shielding" effect and the need for secondary surgical removal, which potentially affected the blood supply around the fracture site. In recent years, many studies confirmed that the biodegradable high purity magnesium (Mg) screws exhibited sufficient mechanical strength with adequate degradation rate for effective bone healing, avoiding the need for implant removal operations.

Enhancing Charge Collection of Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells by Optimizing the Buried Interface with a Multifunctional Self-Assembled Monolayer.

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is a widely used hole transport material in inverted tin-based perovskite solar cells (Sn-PSCs). However, the efficiency and stability of these Sn-PSCs that utilize PEDOT:PSS are unsatisfactory, partly due to concerns about their mismatched work functions, hydrophobicity, and chemical interactions. Here, we introduce a self-assembled monolayer (SAM), (2-(7-dibenzo[c,g]carbazol-7-yl)ethyl) phosphonic acid (2PADCB) as a multifunctional buffer molecule at the buried PEDOT:PSS/Sn perovskite interface.

Electrically-Switchable Gain in Optically Pumped CsPbBr Lasers With Low Threshold at Nanosecond Pumping.

Metal halide perovskites hold promise for nonepitaxial laser diodes, yet, continuous-wave (CW) optically pumped (photonic) lasing in CsPbBr remains elusive despite its superior thermal- and photo-stability among the perovskite family. This work reports on CsPbBr vertical cavity surface emitting lasers with low lasing thresholds (1.3 µJ cm ) at nanosecond pumping and remarkable lasing stability.

Hydrogels as drug delivery platforms for orthopedic diseases treatment: A review.

The skeletal system serves as a crucial support structure for the human body, any damage or disease to bones can result in prolonged pain, impaired mobility, and other negative outcomes. For the treatment of bone diseases, with the in-depth study of the therapeutic mechanism, various small molecule drugs, cells, cytokines, growth factors, bioactive ions, collectively referred to as "drugs" in this context, are increasingly investigated for their potential application in surgical procedures, defect repair, or treatment of diseased bone regions. However, various challenges, including, low stability, the necessity for precise dosage control, are encountered in the administration of drugs.

The qualitative analysis of trabecular architecture of the proximal femur based on the P45 sectional plastination technique.

The primary weight-bearing structure of the proximal femur, trabecular bone, has a complex three-dimensional architecture that was previously difficult to comprehensively display. This study examined the spatial architecture of trabecular struts in the coronal, sagittal, and horizontal sections of the proximal femur using 21 cases prepared with P45 sectional plasticization. The primary compressive strut (PCS) exhibited a "mushroom-like" shape with upper and lower parts.

Analysis of Animal Models of Traumatic Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head Based on Blood Supply: A Literature Review.

Traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (TONFH) refers to ischemic osteonecrosis is resulting from an acute mechanical interruption of the blood supply to the femoral head. The early diagnosis and optimal treatment have been central focuses of research and continue to undergo improvement. Reliable animal models are essential for advancing research into the treatment of the disease.

Enhancing Photovoltaically Preferred Orientation in Wide-Bandgap Perovskite for Efficient All-Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells.

Wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells (WBG PSCs) have promising applications in tandem devices yet suffer from low open-circuit voltages (Vs) and less stability. To address these issues, the study introduces multifunctional nicotinamide derivatives into WBG PSCs, leveraging the regulation on photovoltaically preferential orientation and optoelectronic properties via diverse functional groups, e.g.

Self-assembled hole-selective contact for efficient Sn-Pb perovskite solar cells and all-perovskite tandems.

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have displayed unpredictable potential in efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Yet most of SAMs are largely suitable for pure Pb-based devices, precisely developing promising hole-selective contacts (HSCs) for Sn-based PSCs and exploring the underlying general mechanism are fundamentally desired. Here, based on the prototypical donor-acceptor SAM MPA-BT-BA (BT), oligoether side chains with different length (i.

Mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes mitigate osteoarthritis by restoring the balance between proinflammatory Teffs and Tregs.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease caused by chronic inflammation that damages articular cartilage. In addition to the wear and tear of joints, aberrant remodelling driven by a significant presence of inflammatory mediators within the joint is one of the key mechanisms in the pathogenesis of OA. Among these factors, hyperactivation of Teffs subsets plays a crucial role in promoting this pathological process.

Proteoglycans Enhance the Therapeutic Effect of BMSC Transplantation on Osteoarthritis.

Background: The injection of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) for osteoarthritis (OA) treatment fails to address the disrupted extracellular microenvironment, limiting the differentiation and paracrine functions of BMSCs and resulting in suboptimal therapeutic outcomes. Proteoglycans (PGs) promote cell differentiation, tissue repair, and microenvironment remodeling. This study investigated the potential of combining PGs with BMSCs to increase the efficacy of OA treatment.

Progress in the Application of Porous Tantalum Metal in Hip Joint Surgery.

Porous tantalum metal is a new orthopedic implant material made of tantalum metal that has been processed by porous treatment. This material has various advantages, including high hardness, good ductility, good biocompatibility, and strong bone integration ability. Porous tantalum metal has performed well in clinical application, demonstrating excellent medium- to long-term curative effects.

Immunoregulatory paracrine effect of mesenchymal stem cells and mechanism in the treatment of osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease caused by chronic inflammation that damages articular cartilage. At present, the treatment of OA includes drug therapy to relieve symptoms and joint replacement therapy for advanced OA. However, these palliatives cannot truly block the progression of the disease from the immunological pathogenesis of OA.