Recent advances and challenges of cellular immunotherapies in lung cancer treatment.

Lung cancer is a major malignant tumor with high morbidity and fatality rates. For many years, traditional treatments for lung cancer have struggled to achieve a favorable outlook and prognosis. It is crucial to identify and innovate novel clinical therapeutic strategies and techniques to prevent tumor progression and prolong the survival time of patients with lung cancer.

S100A9 as a potential novel target for experimental autoimmune cystitis and interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome.

Background: Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the bladder for which no effective therapy is currently available. Understanding the pathogenesis of IC/BPS and identifying effective intervention targets are of great clinical importance for its effective treatment. Our work focuses on elucidating the key targets and underlying mechanisms of IC/BPS.

Inhibition of integrin receptors reduces extracellular matrix levels, ameliorating benign prostate hyperplasia.

Although a high prevalence of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) has been documented, the risk factors are poorly understood. Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of BPH. Succinylation, a type of posttranslational modification, mostly targets metabolic processes.

Ginsenoside Rg1 improves anti-tumor efficacy of adoptive cell therapy by enhancing T cell effector functions.

Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) has emerged with remarkable efficacies for tumor immunotherapy. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, as one of most promising ACTs, has achieved prominent effects in treating malignant hematological tumors. However, the insufficient killing activity and limited persistence of T cells in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment limit the further application of ACTs for cancer patients.

Single-cell profiling reveals various types of interstitial cells in the bladder.

Clarifying the locations, molecular markers, functions and roles of bladder interstitial cells is crucial for comprehending the pathophysiology of the bladder. This research utilized human, rat and mouse bladder single-cell sequencing, bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation. The main cell types found in human, rat and mouse bladder tissues include epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, neurons and various immune cells.

Decreased autophagic activity of detrusor cells is involved in the inflammatory response of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome.

Introduction And Hypothesis: Genome-wide association studies suggest that autophagy plays an important regulatory role in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Inflammation and immune regulation disorders are involved in the occurrence and development of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). However, the changes and roles of autophagy in IC/BPS have not been reported.

Activation of CXCL13/CXCR5 axis aggravates experimental autoimmune cystitis and interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome.

The abnormal CXCL13/CXCR5 axis is involved in many inflammatory diseases and its selective inhibitor, TAK-799 has exhibited strong anti-inflammatory potency. The sequencing of clinical specimens from interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) has shown that CXCL13 and CXCR5 are highly expressed, but the role of CXCL13/CXCR5 axis in IC/BPS has not been rarely reported. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the GSE11783 sequencing data of IC/BPS patients and investigate the role and mechanism of CXCL13/CXCR5 axis and TAK-779 in the mouse model of experimental autoimmune cystitis (EAC).

Luteolin Improves Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cystitis through TXNIP/NLRP3 and NF-B Pathways.

Hemorrhagic cystitis is an important complication of cyclophosphamide chemotherapy, and current therapies for the disease are limited. The natural flavonoid luteolin (LUT) has significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, but its protective effect on cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced bladder toxicity has yet to be evaluated. This study aims to explore the protective effect of LUT on CYP-induced acute cystitis in rats.

Corrigendum to "Therapeutic Effects of Human Urine-Derived Stem Cells in a Rat Model of Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury In Vivo and In Vitro".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2019/8035076.].

Genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screening in Bombyx mori reveals the toxicological mechanisms of environmental pollutants, fluoride and cadmium.

Fluoride and cadmium, two typical environmental pollutants, have been extensively existed in the ecosystem and severely injured various organisms including humans. To explore the toxicological properties and the toxicological mechanism of fluoride and cadmium in silkworm, we perform a CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) -based functional genomic screen, which can directly measure the genetic requirement of genes in response to the pollutants. Our screen identifies 751 NaF-resistance genes, 753 NaF-sensitive genes, 757 CdCl-resistance genes, and 725 CdCl-sensitive genes.

In-depth transcriptome unveils the cadmium toxicology and a novel metallothionein in silkworm.

Heavy metal pollution has gradually become a major global issue. It is so far reaching in part because heavy metals are absorbed by soil and affect almost all species via ecological cycles. Silkworms (Bombyx mori) are poisoned by heavy metals through a soil-mulberry-silkworm system, which inhibits larval growth and development and leads to a decrease in silk production.

A deep insight into the transcriptome of midgut and fat body reveals the toxic mechanism of fluoride exposure in silkworm.

Fluoride generally exists in the natural environment, and has been reported to induce serious environmental hazard to animals, plants, and even humans via ecological cycle. Silkworm, Bombyx mori, which showed significant growth and reproductivity reduction when exposed to fluoride, has become a model to evaluate the toxicity of fluoride. However, the detailed mechanism underlying fluoride toxicity and corresponding transport proteins remain unclear.

Morusin exerts anti-cancer activity in renal cell carcinoma by disturbing MAPK signaling pathways.

Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has gradually become a severe type of kidney malignant tumor, which warrants an urgent need for highly efficacious therapeutic agents. Morusin, a typical prenylated flavonoid, has been revealed to possess anticarcinogenic effects against several cancers by inhibiting cell proliferation and tumorigenesis.

Methods: Cells proliferation was examined by CCK-8.

Comparative analysis of genome editing systems, Cas9 and BE3, in silkworms.

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system and the Cas9-derived proteins have been applied to genome editing in various organisms. Traditional Cas9 is typically used to knockout genes or specific DNA fragments based on the generation of double-stranded breaks, whereas nCas9 and dCas9 are fused with effectors to perform base pair transitions or epigenetic modification and regulation. However, this system has off-target effects and can cause genomic structure variations.

Chlorogenic acid attenuates cyclophosphamide-induced rat interstitial cystitis.

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect and molecular mechanism of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced rat interstitial cystitis (IC).

Materials And Methods: An animal model of IC was established by intraperitoneal injection of CYP in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Eighty rats were randomly assigned to four groups: negative control (NC), NC treated with CGA (NC + CGA), IC, and IC treated with CGA (IC + CGA).

Therapeutic Effects of Human Urine-Derived Stem Cells in a Rat Model of Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury In Vivo and In Vitro.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an extremely dangerous clinical syndrome with high morbidity and mortality. Stem cell-based therapies have shown great promise for AKI treatment. Urine-derived stem cells (USCs) are a novel cell source in tissue engineering and cell therapy which provide advantages of simple, noninvasive, and low-cost harvest methods, efficient proliferation, and multi-differentiation potential.

Microstructure and Formation Mechanism of Ultrasound-Assisted Transient Liquid Phase Bonded Magnesium Alloys with Ni Interlayer.

Ultrasound-assisted transient liquid phase bonding (U-TLP) has been regarded as a promising brazing process to join magnesium alloys with a Sn and Zn interlayer; however, the formation of brittle magnesium intermetallic compounds (MgSn, MgZn, and MgZn) compromises the mechanical properties of the joints. In this study, Mg alloy U-TLP joints with a Ni interlayer were evaluated based on shear strength and hardness measurement. Microstructural evolution along with ultrasonic duration time and intermetallic compound formation were characterized using X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy methods.

RNA-Seq comparative analysis reveals the response of Enterococcus faecalis TV4 under fluoride exposure.

Enterococcus faecalis is one of the main components of symbiotic bacteria in the intestine of silkworm (Bombyx mori L.). The abundance of E.

Effects of sodium fluoride on the reproductive development of Bombyx mori.

Bombyx mori was used as a model to evaluate the reproductive toxicity of NaF in insects. Significant reduction in cocoon quality, survival rate, fecundity, and hatchability were observed upon NaF treatment groups. Fluoride determination indicated that F has a cumulative effect on the gonad of silkworm.