Aridity-dependent response bias of grassland productivity to precipitation in experiments compared to observations.

Precipitation manipulation experiments and long-term observations have been widely employed to examine the response of ecosystem productivity to changing precipitation. However, whether experiments accurately reflect natural responses remains questionable. Here, we conducted a global reality check analysis using paired datasets from 22 grassland sites that included both experimental and observational measurements.

Hemodynamic changes and their relationship with white matter hyperintensities in CSVD patients with cognitive impairment: a 4D flow study.

Objective: To observe the hemodynamics of intracranial arteries and veins in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) with cognitive impairment (CI), and to explore the association between these flow features and white matter hyperintensities (WMH).

Materials And Methods: A total of 53 patients with CSVD were included in the study, comprising 30 patients with CI (CI group) and 23 patients with non-CI (NCI group); Meanwhile, 25 age-matched cognitively healthy volunteers were recruited. WMH burden was evaluated using a 2D axial T2-FLAIR sequence.

HSF1 Activation Mechanisms, Disease Roles, and Small Molecule Therapeutics.

The heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is a master transcription regulator that orchestrates the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in response to various cellular stresses. Dysfunction of HSF1 contributes to the pathogenesis of a spectrum of acute and chronic diseases, including cancer. Consequently, the modulation of HSF1 activity through the development of small molecules emerges as a promising therapeutic strategy for disease treatment.

Analysis of prognostic differences and risk factors in patients with atrial fibrillation known before ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation diagnosed after ischemic stroke.

Aims: To compare the 1-year prognoses of patients with atrial fibrillation known before stroke (KAF) with those diagnosed after (AFDAS) and to explore the reasons for any observed differences.

Methods: 420 ischemic stroke patients were assigned to the KAF and AFDAS group. Follow-up information for both groups included the incidence of ischemic stroke recurrence, poor neurofunctional outcomes, and all-cause mortality within one year after the original ischemic stroke episode.

Depth-dependent response of soil microbial community and greenhouse gas efflux to polylactic acid microplastics and tidal cycles in a mangrove ecosystem.

The impacts of microplastics (MPs) on greenhouse gas emissions from mangrove soil remain poorly understood. Previous studies mostly focused on the topsoil in stable inundation state, ignoring the effects of natural tidal cycle and deep soil under different soil oxygen conditions. In this study, we analyzed soil microbial communities and greenhouse gas emissions from mangrove soils across various depths and tidal conditions (by adding seawater to create different inundation durations) in response to polylactic acid (PLA) MP exposure.

Perception and Identification of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) in China Medical Community.

Background: Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), as neuropsychiatric manifestations within dementia, constitute core features of dementia. However, there remains a gap in understanding the recognition of BPSD in China. Our current study was to explore the clinical awareness and treatment approaches for BPSD in China, focusing especially on the perspectives of neurologists and psychiatrists.

Microbial biomarker discovery in Parkinson's disease through a network-based approach.

Associations between the gut microbiota and Parkinson's disease (PD) have been widely investigated. However, the replicable biomarkers for PD diagnosis across multiple populations remain elusive. Herein, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the pivotal role of the gut microbiome in PD and its potential diagnostic implications.

Shared and distinct prefrontal cortex alterations of implicit emotion regulation in depression and anxiety: An fNIRS investigation.

Background: Emotion regulation deficits, particularly in cognitive reappraisal, are crucial in depression and anxiety. However, research on the neural mechanisms of implicit emotion regulation is lacking, and it remains unclear whether these mechanisms are shared or distinct between the two disorders.

Methods: We investigated the neural mechanisms of implicit cognitive reappraisal in 28 individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD), 25 with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and 30 healthy controls (HC) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).

Impaired implicit emotion regulation in patients with panic disorder: An event-related potential study on affect labeling.

Background: Panic disorder (PD) involves emotion dysregulation, but its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Previous research suggests that implicit emotion regulation may play a central role in PD-related emotion dysregulation and symptom maintenance. However, there is a lack of studies exploring the neural mechanisms of implicit emotion regulation in PD using neurophysiological indicators.

Effects of microplastics on carbon release and microbial community in mangrove soil systems.

Mangrove ecosystems are major carbon sink biomes and also a sink of microplastics (MPs). The final enrichment of MPs in sediments may have a significant impact on the microbial community and carbon turnover in the soil. However, the effects of MP pollution on the mangrove soil microbial communities and carbon release remain unknown.

Resting-state cortico-limbic functional connectivity pattern in panic disorder: Relationships with emotion regulation strategy use and symptom severity.

Cognitive reappraisal is an effective emotion regulation strategy involving prefrontal cortex (PFC) control of the amygdala. Its aberrant functioning is closely associated with panic disorder (PD). However, the resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) between the PFC, implicated in cognitive reappraisal, and the amygdala in PD has not been studied.

RobustTree: An adaptive, robust PCA algorithm for embedded tree structure recovery from single-cell sequencing data.

Robust Principal Component Analysis (RPCA) offers a powerful tool for recovering a low-rank matrix from highly corrupted data, with growing applications in computational biology. Biological processes commonly form intrinsic hierarchical structures, such as tree structures of cell development trajectories and tumor evolutionary history. The rapid development of single-cell sequencing (SCS) technology calls for the recovery of embedded tree structures from noisy and heterogeneous SCS data.

An Improved Projector Calibration Method by Phase Mapping Based on Fringe Projection Profilometry.

Aiming at the problem of the low accuracy of projector calibration in a structured light system, an improved projector calibration method is proposed in this paper. One of the key ideas is to estimate the sub-pixel coordinates in the projector image plane using local random sample consensus (RANSAC). A bundle adjustment (BA) algorithm is adopted to optimize the calibration parameters to further improve the accuracy and robustness of the projector calibration.

Higher plant photosynthetic capability in autumn responding to low atmospheric vapor pressure deficit.

It has been long established that the terrestrial vegetation in spring has stronger photosynthetic capability than in autumn. However, this study challenges this consensus by comparing photosynthetic capability of terrestrial vegetation between the spring and autumn seasons based on measurements of 100 eddy covariance towers over global extratropical ecosystems. At the majority of these sites, photosynthetic capability, indicated by light use efficiency (LUE) and apparent quantum efficiency, is significantly higher in autumn than in spring, due to lower atmosphere vapor pressure deficit (VPD) at the same air temperature.

Highly spatial variation of soil microbial respiration and temperature sensitivity in a subtropical forest.

Quantifying the spatial variation and drivers of microbe-driven soil carbon (C) decomposition (also called soil microbial respiration, MR) and its temperature sensitivity (Q) is crucial for reducing the uncertainty in modelling the terrestrial C cycle under global warming. To this end, most previous studies sampled soils from multiple sites at regional scales and incubated them at the same temperature level in the laboratory. However, this unified incubation temperature is too warm to the cold sites, and too cold to the warm sites, thus causing a large bias in the MR and Q estimations.

Multifaceted roles of HSF1 in cell death: A state-of-the-art review.

Cell death is a common and active process that is involved in various biological processes, including organ development, morphogenesis, maintaining tissue homeostasis and eliminating potentially harmful cells. Abnormal regulation of cell death significantly contributes to tumor development, progression and chemoresistance. The mechanisms of cell death are complex and involve not only apoptosis and necrosis but also their cross-talk with other types of cell death, such as autophagy and the newly identified ferroptosis.

Neural basis of implicit cognitive reappraisal in panic disorder: an event-related fMRI study.

Background: Panic disorder (PD) is thought to be related with deficits in emotion regulation, especially in cognitive reappraisal. According to the cognitive model, PD patients' intrinsic and unconscious misappraisal strategies are the cause of panic attacks. However, no studies have yet been performed to explore the underlying neuromechanism of cognitive reappraisal that occur on an unconscious level in PD patients.

Mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants.

Mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion (MERS) is a clinicoradiologic syndrome typically characterized by transient mild encephalitis or encephalopathy with reversible lesions being found in the splenium of corpus callosum (SCC) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A variety of pathogens including influenza virus, rotavirus, and adenovirus associated with MERS have been reported. However, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-related MERS is relatively rare in infants.

Therapeutic benefits of music-based synchronous finger tapping in Parkinson's disease-an fNIRS study protocol for randomized controlled trial in Dalian, China.

Background: Music therapy improves neuronal activity and connectivity of healthy persons and patients with clinical symptoms of neurological diseases like Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and major depression. Despite the plethora of publications that have reported the positive effects of music interventions, little is known about how music improves neuronal activity and connectivity in afflicted patients.

Methods: For patients suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD), we propose a daily 25-min music-based synchronous finger tapping (SFT) intervention for 8 weeks.

Ginsenoside Rg1 reduces β‑amyloid levels by inhibiting CDΚ5‑induced PPARγ phosphorylation in a neuron model of Alzheimer's disease.

The accumulation of β‑amyloid peptides (Aβ) in the brain is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Studies have indicated that ginsenoside Rg1, a primary component of ginseng (Panax ginseng), reduces brain Aβ levels in an AD model through peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ (PPARγ), thereby regulating the expression of insulin‑degrading enzyme (Ide) and β‑amyloid cleavage enzyme 1 (Bace1), which are PPARγ target genes. However, the effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on PPARγ remain unclear.

Limiting similarity shapes the functional and phylogenetic structure of root neighborhoods in a subtropical forest.

Environmental filtering and limiting similarity mechanisms can simultaneously structure community assemblages. However, how they shape the functional and phylogenetic structure of root neighborhoods remains unclear, hindering the understanding of belowground community assembly processes and diversity maintenance. In a 50-ha plot in a subtropical forest, China, we randomly sampled > 2700 root clusters from 625 soil samples.

Regional cortical thinning and cerebral hypoperfusion in patients with panic disorder.

Background: Although recent neuroimaging studies have suggested that functional deficits in facial perception are associated with panic disorder (PD), the possibility of cortical thickness and perfusion abnormalities have not been studied in patients with PD. We aimed to investigate alterations in cortical thickness and regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) between PD patients and healthy controls (HCs) using three-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted magnetic resonance imagery (MRI) and 3D arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion MRI.

Method: An automated surface-based method (Cat12) measured the cortical thickness of each subject.

Altered resting-state network connectivity in panic disorder: an independent ComponentAnalysis.

Panic disorder (PD) is a prevalent anxiety disorder but its neurobiology remains poorly understood. It has been proposed that the pathophysiology of PD is related to an abnormality in a particular neural network. However, most studies investigating resting-state functional connectivity (FC) have relied on a priori restrictions of seed regions, which may bias observations.