A novel cancer-associated membrane signature predicts prognosis and therapeutic response for lung adenocarcinoma.

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a leading cause of cancer-related death, and reliable biomarkers for prognosis and treatment guidance remain limited. Membrane proteins play key roles in tumor progression and therapeutic response, yet their clinical utility in LUAD remains underexplored. We integrated scRNA-seq, spatial transcriptomics, and bulk RNA-seq datasets from multiple LUAD cohorts to identify cancer-specific membrane proteins derived from epithelial subpopulations.

A novel energy layer optimization strategy based on machine specific delivery sequence for proton arc therapy.

Due to the magnetic hysteresis effect, it normally takes more time to switch the energy layer upward compared to downward in proton arc therapy (PAT), e.g. 5.

A novel planning framework for efficient spot-scanning proton arc therapy via particle swarm optimization (SPArc-).

Delivery efficiency is the bottleneck of spot-scanning proton arc therapy (SPArc) because of the numerous energy layers (ELs) ascending switches. This study aims to develop a new algorithm to mitigate the need for EL ascending via water equivalent thickness (WET) sector selection followed by particle swarm optimization (SPArc-).SPArc-divided the full arc trajectory into the optimal sectors based on K-means clustering analysis of the relative mean WET.

Comprehensive Treatment Uncertainty Analysis and PTV Margin Estimation for Fiducial Tracking in Robotic Liver Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy.

Objective: This study aims to quantify the uncertainties of CyberKnife Synchrony fiducial tracking for liver stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) cases, and evaluate the required planning target volume (PTV) margins.

Methods: A total of 11 liver tumor patients with a total of 57 fractions, who underwent SBRT with synchronous fiducial tracking, were enrolled for the present study. The correlation/prediction model error, geometric error, and beam targeting error were quantified to determine the patient-level and fraction-level individual composite treatment uncertainties.

Exosomal miR-22-3p from Mesenchymal Stem Cells Inhibits the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) of Melanoma Cells by Regulating .

Background: The mortality rate from melanoma has been rising and hence new therapeutic approaches for this disease have received extensive attention, especially the search for novel therapeutic targets. The aim of this study was to find new targets for the treatment of melanoma through a bioinformatics and experimental approach.

Methods: First, we screened for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) between melanoma and normal tissues using the TCGA-SKCM, GTEX, and GSE24996 datasets.

Insights into the Association Between QSER1 and M2 Macrophages and Remarkable Malignancy Characteristics in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Purpose: Glutamine and serine rich 1 (QSER1), as a DNA methylation modulator, play a crucial role in transforming tumor cells. Previous studies have shown that QSER1 plays a role in regulating the progression of various malignancies and that QSER1 dysfunction is connected with precancerous lesions of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as well as HCC prognosis. However, little is known about the detailed contribution of QSER1 in HCC.

NEDD4 Induces K48-Linked Degradative Ubiquitination of Hepatitis B Virus X Protein and Inhibits HBV-Associated HCC Progression.

Neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated gene 4 (NEDD4) plays two opposite roles in carcinogenesis. It has been reported that NEDD4 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression; however, little is known about its potential function and molecular mechanism in HCC in the context of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. In this study, we analyzed NEDD4 expression in 199 HCC specimens with or without HBV infection and observed that NEDD4 expression was unrelated to HBV exposure in HCC tumor tissue but that high NEDD4 expression conferred better overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) than low NEDD4 expression in patients with HBV-associated HCC.

Elevation of plasma tRNA fragments as a promising biomarker for liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Fibrotic tissue remodelling in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) will probably emerge as the leading cause of end-stage liver disease in the coming decades, but the ability to diagnose liver fibrosis in NAFLD patients noninvasively is limited. The abnormal expression of tRNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA) in plasma provides a novel idea for noninvasive diagnosis of various diseases, however, the relationship between tsRNAs and NAFLD is still unknown. Here, we took advantage of small RNA-Seq technology to profile tsRNAs in NAFLD patients and found the ubiquitous presence of hepatic tsRNAs secreted into circulating blood.

TIGIT/PVR and LncRNA ANRIL dual-targetable PAMAM polymeric nanoparticles efficiently inhibited the hepatoma carcinoma by combination of immunotherapy and gene therapy.

Herein, a novel polymeric nanoparticle was designed to inhibit hepatoma carcinoma by simultaneously targeting the T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT)/poliovirus receptor (PVR) and long noncoding RNAs antisense noncoding RNA in the INK4 locus (LncRNA ANRIL). Firstly, the siANRIL-loaded nanoparticles (NP-siANRIL) was developed by methoxy-poly (ethylene glycol)-polyamidoamine (mPEG-PAMAM) and polyamidoamine-poly (ethylene glycol)-disulphide bond-carboxyl (PAMAM-PEG-S-COOH) using the self-assembly method. Then the TBP-3 peptide, a newly developed identified peptide which could occupy the binding interface and effectively block the interaction of TIGIT with its ligand PVR, was further conjugated on the surface of NP-siANRIL the glutathione (GSH)-sensitive disulphide linkage.

Artificial intelligence-based framework in evaluating intrafraction motion for liver cancer robotic stereotactic body radiation therapy with fiducial tracking.

Purpose: This study aimed to design a fully automated framework to evaluate intrafraction motion using orthogonal x-ray images from CyberKnife.

Methods: The proposed framework includes three modules: (a) automated fiducial marker detection, (b) three-dimensional (3D) position reconstruction, and (c) intrafraction motion evaluation. A total of 5927 images from real patients treated with CyberKnife fiducial tracking were collected.