Rapid geographical origin identification and functional compound content prediction of Chrysanthemum ("Gongju") using excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics.

Gongju (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.), an edible flower widely consumed in East Asia, shows quality variations depending on its geographical origins and functional compound contents. This study proposes a "two-in-one" strategy that utilizes excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy combined with chemometrics to simultaneously identify the geographical origin of Gongju and quantify its functional compounds.

A novel energy layer optimization strategy based on machine specific delivery sequence for proton arc therapy.

Due to the magnetic hysteresis effect, it normally takes more time to switch the energy layer upward compared to downward in proton arc therapy (PAT), e.g. 5.

Correlation between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio with prognosis in gastric cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a meta-analysis.

Introduction: Inflammatory markers such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are associated with poorer prognosis of gastric cancer (GC) patients and may guide treatment decisions. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the impact of NLR and PLR on the prognosis of GC patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).

Methods: Cochrane, Embase, PubMed and Web of science were searched for studies up to November 30, 2024.

A disproportionality analysis of real-world events from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) for Atezolizumab.

Background: An increasing number of clinical studies have highlighted the use of atezolizumab in tumor immunotherapy. However, There is still a lack of comprehensive research on its associated adverse events (AEs). To improve our understanding of its toxicological profile and to provide valuable clinical insights regarding into the effectiveness of immunotherapy, this study utilized data from the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) to conduct a retrospective analysis of AEs linked to atezolizumab.

A real-world disproportionality analysis of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) adverse event reporting system (FAERS) events for Durvalumab.

Background: In the past few years, an increasing number of research studies have documented the utilization of durvalumab in the field of immunotherapy for cancerous tumors. However, there remains insufficient documentation regarding its associated adverse event (AEs). In order to enhance our comprehension of its toxicological profile, this investigation retrospectively examined the AEs linked to durvalumab using data from the US Food and Drug Administration adverse event reporting system (FAERS).

Tanshinone Content Prediction and Geographical Origin Classification of by Combining Hyperspectral Imaging with Chemometrics.

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology was combined with chemometrics to achieve rapid determination of tanshinone contents in , as well as the rapid identification of its origins. Derivative (D1), second derivative (D2), Savitzky-Golay filtering (SG), multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), and standard normal variate transformation (SNV) were utilized to preprocess original spectrum (ORI). Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and support vector machine (SVM) models were employed to discriminate 420 samples collected from Shandong, Hebei, Shanxi, Sichuan, and Anhui Provinces.

Rapid qualitative and quantitative detection for adulteration of Atractylodis Rhizoma using hyperspectral imaging combined with chemometric methods.

In the field of traditional Chinese medicine, Atractylodis Rhizoma (AR) is commonly used for various diseases due to its excellent ability to dry dampness and strengthen the spleen, especially popular in East Asia. The aim of this study is to proposed Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) in combination with chemometric methods for the rapid qualitative and quantitative detection of AR adulteration with other types of powder. Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) was used to construct the classification models the best, with the First-order Derivative (F-D) preprocessing method.

The periaxonal space as a conduit for cerebrospinal fluid flow to peripheral organs.

Mechanisms controlling the movement of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) toward peripheral nerves are poorly characterized. We found that, in addition to the foramina Magendie and Luschka for CSF flow toward the subarachnoid space and glymphatic system, CSF outflow could also occur along periaxonal spaces (termed "PAS pathway") from the spinal cord to peripheral organs, such as the liver and pancreas. When interrogating the latter route, we found that serotonin, acting through 5-HT receptors expressed in ependymocytes that line the central canal, triggered Ca signals to induce polymerization of F-actin, a cytoskeletal protein, to reduce the volume of ependymal cells.

The association of platelet to white blood cell ratio with diabetes: a nationwide survey in China.

Background: Inflammation is integral to diabetes pathogenesis. The novel hematological inflammatory biomarker, platelet to white blood cell ratio (PWR), is linked with various conditions such as chronic kidney disease and stroke. However, the association of this novel clinical indicator with diabetes still remains unclear, which is investigated in this study.

Identification and Classification of Storage Years Based on Hyperspectral Imaging Technology Combined with Deep Learning.

Developing a fast and non-destructive methodology to identify the storage years of is important in safeguarding consumer well-being. This study employed the utilization of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) in conjunction with conventional machine learning techniques such as support vector machines (SVM), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), as well as the deep learning method of residual neural network (ResNet), to establish identification models for samples from different storage years. Under the fusion-based modeling approach, the model's classification accuracy surpasses that of visible to near infrared (VNIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) spectral modeling individually.

Major depressive disorder: hypothesis, mechanism, prevention and treatment.

Worldwide, the incidence of major depressive disorder (MDD) is increasing annually, resulting in greater economic and social burdens. Moreover, the pathological mechanisms of MDD and the mechanisms underlying the effects of pharmacological treatments for MDD are complex and unclear, and additional diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for MDD still are needed. The currently widely accepted theories of MDD pathogenesis include the neurotransmitter and receptor hypothesis, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hypothesis, cytokine hypothesis, neuroplasticity hypothesis and systemic influence hypothesis, but these hypothesis cannot completely explain the pathological mechanism of MDD.

Geographical verification of Pleuropterus multiflorus thunb. by functional compounds, stable isotope ratios, and multielement combined with machine learning methods.

The dry roots of Pleuropterus multiflorus Thunb. (PM) have been traditionally utilized as functional foods and medicines China and various Asian countries. They are extensively cultivated in multiple provinces in China, with variations in prices and qualities.

Prediction performance and reliability evaluation of three ginsenosides in Panax ginseng using hyperspectral imaging combined with a novel ensemble chemometric model.

Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (PG) is a health-promoting food, and its ginsenosides (Rb1, Rg1, Re) content, as the quality indicator, is affected by the planting modes (garden or forest ginsengs) and years.

QTL Mapping for Adult-Plant Resistance to Leaf Rust in Italian Wheat Cultivar Libellula.

Wheat leaf rust (), which is caused by Eriks. (), is one of the most important wheat diseases affecting wheat production globally. Using resistant wheat cultivars is the most economical and environmentally friendly way to control leaf rust.

A novel murine model of mania.

Neuropathological mechanisms of manic syndrome or manic episodes in bipolar disorder remain poorly characterised, as the research progress is severely limited by the paucity of appropriate animal models. Here we developed a novel mania mice model by combining a series of chronic unpredictable rhythm disturbances (CURD), which include disruption of circadian rhythm, sleep deprivation, exposure to cone light, with subsequent interference of followed spotlight, stroboscopic illumination, high-temperature stress, noise disturbance and foot shock. Multiple behavioural and cell biology tests comparing the CURD-model with healthy controls and depressed mice were deployed to validate the model.

Novel pathogenesis of post-traumatic stress disorder studied in transgenic mice.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is very common after exposure to trauma, mental stress or violence. Because objective biological markers for PTSD are lacking, exactly diagnosing PTSD is a challenge for clinical psychologists. In-depth research on the pathogenesis of PTSD is a key for solving this problem.

Application of hyperspectral imaging assisted with integrated deep learning approaches in identifying geographical origins and predicting nutrient contents of Coix seeds.

Coix seed (CS, Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen (Roman.

Leptin Attenuates Fear Memory by Inhibiting Astrocytic NLRP3 Inflammasome in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Model.

Accumulating evidence suggests that the activation of nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome contributes to the pathophysiology of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Astrocytes, the homeostatic cells of the central nervous system are intimately involved into pathophysiology of various mental disorders including PTSD. We demonstrated previously that leptin exerts neuroprotection and ameliorates chronic sleep deprivation-induced depressive-like behaviours.

Ageing related thyroid deficiency increases brain-targeted transport of liver-derived ApoE4-laden exosomes leading to cognitive impairment.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the prevalent cause of dementia in the ageing world population. Apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) allele is the key genetic risk factor for AD, although the mechanisms linking ApoE4 with neurocognitive impairments and aberrant metabolism remains to be fully characterised. We discovered a significant increase in the ApoE4 content of serum exosomes in old healthy subjects and AD patients carrying ApoE4 allele as compared with healthy adults.

Synthesis of AuAg/Ag/Au open nanoshells with optimized magnetic plasmon resonance and broken symmetry for enhancing second-harmonic generation.

The cooperation of magnetic and electric plasmon resonances in cup-shaped metallic nanostructures exhibits significant capability for second-harmonic generation (SHG) enhancement. Herein, we report an approach for synthesizing Au open nanoshells with tunable numbers and sizes of openings on a template of six-pointed PbS nanostars. The morphology of Au nanoshells is controlled by adjusting the amount of HAuCl, and the characteristic shapes of pointed nanocaps, open nanoshells, and hollow nanostars are obtained.

Recent Advances in the Machine Learning-Based Drug-Target Interaction Prediction.

Background: The identification of drug-target interactions is a crucial issue in drug discovery. In recent years, researchers have made great efforts on the drug-target interaction predictions, and developed databases, software and computational methods.

Results: In the paper, we review the recent advances in machine learning-based drug-target interaction prediction.