Social isolation promotes hyperglycemia through sympathetic activation of inguinal white adipose tissue.

Epidemiological studies have reported that social isolation increases the risk of diabetes, but the underlying neural mechanism remains unclear. Using a long-term single-housed (SH) mouse model of social isolation, SH mice not only exhibited disrupted glucose homeostasis, evidenced by elevated fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, and reduced insulin sensitivity, but also showed hypertrophic adipocytes and altered lipid metabolism. To elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying these metabolic disturbances, retrograde trans-synaptic tracing revealed the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and locus coeruleus (LC) as the most PRV-labeled brain regions, suggesting their potential roles in social isolation-induced hyperglycemia.

Non-linear Association Between Lactate Levels and ICU Mortality in Septic Patients: A Multi-Center Study of 13,888 Cases.

BackgroundBlood lactate is a crucial prognostic indicator in sepsis, but its non-linear relationship with mortality remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the complex association between lactate levels and ICU mortality in septic patients.MethodsIn this multi-center retrospective study of 13,888 septic patients from the eICU database, we analyzed the association between admission lactate levels and ICU mortality using multivariate models and threshold effect analysis.

Risk factors for severe COVID-19 and development of a predictive model.

A clinical case‒control study was conducted to identify risk factors for severe COVID-19 and to develop a predictive risk model to provide a reference for the dynamic assessment of the severity of disease in COVID-19 patients. A total of 410 patients with COVID-19 were included in the study, of whom 132 had severe or critical cases. The clinical data of the patients were collected, and the variables were subsequently screened via LASSO regression analysis and 10-fold cross-validation.

Impact of a deep learning image reconstruction algorithm on the robustness of abdominal computed tomography radiomics features using standard and low radiation doses.

Background: Deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) can enhance image quality and lower image dose, yet its impact on radiomics features (RFs) remains unclear. This study aimed to compare the effects of DLIR and conventional adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction-Veo (ASIR-V) algorithms on the robustness of RFs using standard and low-dose abdominal clinical computed tomography (CT) scans.

Methods: A total of 54 patients with hepatic masses who underwent abdominal contrast-enhanced CT scans were retrospectively analyzed.

Recent Development in Emerging 2D Rare Earth Materials: Compositions, Syntheses, and Applications.

2D rare earth (RE) materials have recently attracted extensive research interests owing to the unique optical, electronic, and magnetic properties, exhibiting great potential applications in next-generation lighting, optoelectronics, and magnetic devices. However, reviews on 2D RE materials are rare and only focus on certain families despite their importance. Herein, a comprehensive review of the recent progress of 2D RE materials is presented, covering structures, properties, syntheses, and applications.

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Inhibition Alleviates Tourniquet-Induced Limb Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Tourniquet-induced limb ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury can cause significant skeletal muscle damage, yet the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in this context remains poorly understood. In this study, a mouse model of hindlimb I/R injury was established by applying an orthodontic rubber band for 4 h, followed by 24 h of reperfusion. To investigate the involvement of ER stress and the therapeutic potential of sodium 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), a clinically available ER stress inhibitor, mice were pretreated with 4-PBA (40 or 100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) before ischemia.

Redox-responsive self-targeting carrier-free nanotherapeutic agent with ROS storm for enhancing tumor oxidative stress.

The synergistic therapy of ROS storm and chemotherapy based on nanotherapeutic agent can achieve the efficient oncotherapy. Nevertheless, low drug payload, poor tumor targeting, and undesirable side effect have greatly impeded the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) storm in tumor site. Herein, both the chemo-drug methotrexate (MTX, a specific targeting ligand towards folate receptors) and D-α-tocopherol succinate (TOS) are covalently linked by redox-responsive disulfide bond to obtain a self-targeting prodrug (termed as TOS-SS-MTX).

Outcomes of transanal versus laparoscopic total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of matched cohort studies.

Background: The perioperative and oncological results of laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (laTME) and transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) have been compared. However, because there are not enough high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs), the results cannot be trusted. In order to get more trustworthy results, this article analyzed matched cohort studies.

Distinct Effects of PFOS and OBS on Neurotoxicity via PMK-1 Mediated Pathway in .

Sodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzenesulfonate (OBS) has been proposed as a substitute for perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), yet it has garnered increasing attention due to its environmental persistence and potential toxicity. Despite these concerns, the neurotoxic mechanisms of OBS remain unclear. This study investigates and compares the neurotoxic effects and mechanisms of OBS and PFOS in .

Intravenous tenecteplase thrombolysis and endovascular bridging intra-arterial tirofiban injection therapy in a pediatric case of acute ischemic stroke.

Background: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in pediatric patients is a significant contributor to neurological impairment and long-term disability. Due to the absence of specific pediatric treatment guidelines, management strategies are frequently adapted from adult protocols. This report details the application of intravenous tenecteplase thrombolysis, endovascular bridging therapy, and tirofiban in treating a pediatric case of AIS.

Precision Measurement of the Branching Fraction of D^{+}→μ^{+}ν_{μ}.

Using 20.3  fb^{-1} of e^{+}e^{-} collision data collected at a center-of-mass energy of E_{c.m.

Association between neutrophil percentage-to-albumin ratio and Parkinson's disease amongst adults in the US.

Background: Inflammation is an important factor in Parkinson's disease (PD). Researchers are exploring the integration of multiple biomarkers, including inflammatory and non-inflammatory markers, to enhance predictive value. Neutrophil percentage-to-albumin ratio (NPAR), a novel inflammatory biomarker, offers economic efficiency and accessibility.

Claudin 18.2 and Other Therapeutic Biomarkers in Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinomas.

Biomarker-driven therapies have led to several recent advances in treating gastric and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancers, but the overlap of these biomarkers remains unclear. We analyzed coexpression of Claudin 18.2 (CLDN18.

Improving CAR-T cell function through a targeted cytokine delivery system utilizing car target-modified extracellular vesicles.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cell therapy has achieved remarkable clinical success in the treatment of B-cell malignancies; however, its efficacy can be limited by poor T-cell persistence and insufficient antitumor activity in certain cases. Moreover, interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a prominent agent in cancer immunotherapy, but its clinical application is constrained by severe toxicity associated with systemic exposure. In this study, we developed a novel cytokine delivery platform based on CAR target-modified cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) that preferentially bind CAR-T cells to improve CAR-T-cell function.

Multi-omics analysis reveals RNA polymerase II degradation as a novel mechanism of PF-3758309's anti-tumor activity.

PF-3758309, a pyrrolopyrimidine-based inhibitor of p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4), has demonstrated preclinical anti-tumor activity. However, due to poor pharmacokinetics and off-target effects, it has not advanced to clinical use. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive multi-omics analysis, including proteomics, transcriptomics, and ubiquitinomics, to investigate the mechanism of PF-3758309 in HCT116 cells.

The expression of transmembrane channel-like 5 in gastric cancer and its impact on tumor progression.

Gastric cancer (GC) is a prevalent malignancy and one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The role of transmembrane channel-like 5 (TMC5) in GC remains unknown. In this study, we analyzed the expression of TMC5 in GC using a multi-faceted approach, including analysis of public databases, immunohistochemical assays, and Western blot analyses.

Origin centric and part based pose decomposition for 3D human pose estimation.

Transformer-based approaches have recently made significant advancements in 3D human pose estimation from 2D inputs. Existing methods typically either consider the entire 2D skeleton for global features extraction or break it into independent parts for local features learning. However, capturing the spatial dependencies of the entire 2D skeleton does not effectively facilitate learning local spatial features, while partitioning the skeleton into independent segments disrupts the relevance of individual joints to the whole.

Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of cemental tear.

Cemental tear is a rare and indetectable condition unless obvious clinical signs present with the involvement of surrounding periodontal and periapical tissues. Due to its clinical manifestations similar to common dental issues, such as vertical root fracture, primary endodontic diseases, and periodontal diseases, as well as the low awareness of cemental tear for clinicians, misdiagnosis often occurs. The critical principle for cemental tear treatment is to remove torn fragments, and overlooking fragments leads to futile therapy, which could deteriorate the conditions of the affected teeth.

Surface Condition Sensing with Broadband and Highly Directional PMUT Array.

Ultrasound propagation attenuation coefficient detection is a widely used technique for distinguishing different media types. Multi-frequency ultrasound detection provides comprehensive information but requires ultrasonic transducers with a broad bandwidth. This study presents a Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer (PMUT) array that integrates multiple frequency elements with optimized spacing to achieve the fusion of multiple vibration modes, resulting in a -6 dB emission fractional bandwidth of 230% and pulse-echo fractional bandwidth up to 146%.

Development and validation of a simple risk score to predict gastroesophageal reflux disease after sleeve gastrectomy: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Background: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is the most commonly performed bariatric procedure worldwide. However, the development of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) following LSG remains a significant clinical concern that can compromise long-term patient outcomes and satisfaction.

Materials And Methods: In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, a total of 968 patients were screened, of whom 851 met eligibility criteria and were included in the final analysis.

HWI encoding/decoding of a non-invasive HWI-BCI paradigm based on temporal variation abundance scale.

The performance of non-invasive Handwriting Imagery (HWI) input in Brain-computer interface (BCI) systems is highly dependent on the paradigms employed, yet there is limited research on interpretable scales to measure how HWI-BCI paradigms and neural encoding designs affect performance. This study introduces the "Temporal Variation Abundance" metric and utilizes it to design two classes of handwriting imagery paradigms: Low Temporal Variation Abundance (LTVA) and High Temporal Variation Abundance (HTVA). A dynamic time warping algorithm based on random templates (rt-DTW) is proposed to align HWI velocity fluctuations using EEG.

Atrioventricular Coupling Index: A Novel Approach to Risk-Stratification for Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

Background: Left atrioventricular coupling index (LACI) has prognostic value in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients, while the role of right atrioventricular coupling index (RACI) remains unclear.

Purpose: To explore the prognostic value of LACI and RACI in AMI patients.

Study Type: Retrospective.

IGFBP3-mediated effects of an effective combination therapy on HCC.

As all known, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for the majority of cases of liver cancer, which is the third leading cause of cancer mortality globally. Moreover, HCC is always accompanied with HBV infection. Here, we used CMAP, a systematic approach for the discovery of functional connections among diseases and drug actions, to identify quercetin as an effective compound to potentially treat HCC.

Interfacial Interaction Modulated Radiation Defects for Self-Charging Persistent Mechanoluminescence.

Self-charging persistent mechanoluminescence (SC-PML) is of particular interest for stress sensing/visualization applications, as it not only notably extends the time window available for stress observation, but also avoids the pre-charging with great convenience. However, the intrinsic physical principles of the SC-PML are still unclear. Herein, a phosphor SrLiMg(PO): Dy with an initially clean trap structure is reported to exhibit repeatable SC-PML up to 30 s when incorporated into a flexible polydimethylsiloxane.

The effects of cynaroside on lipid metabolism and lipid-related diseases: a mechanistic overview.

Cynaroside is a natural flavonoid compound, which is widely found in plants. It has the effects of lowering fat, anti-diabetes, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial and liver protection. Recent studies have shown that cynaroside regulates fat metabolism through multiple mechanisms, including modulating lipase activity, enhancing gut health and suppressing inflammatory responses.