Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 Regulates the Antigen-Presenting Function of Dendritic Cells Resulting in T Cell Priming in Streptozotocin-Induced Type 1 Diabetes Mice.

Background: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease with progressive destruction of insulin-producing β cells in islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. However, the early pathogenic factors triggering the recruitment and activation of innate immune cells remain unclear. A study reported that FABP4 accelerates the onset of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice by inducing the polarization of proinflammatory macrophages and their infiltration into pancreatic islets.

Residential Greenness and the Incidence of Dyslipidemia in Chinese Adults: A Large Prospective Cohort Study.

Dyslipidemia is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. While cross-sectional studies suggest lower odds of dyslipidemia in greener environments, longitudinal research is limited. This prospective cohort study analyzed data from 3,454,623 adults from January 2017 to December 2021, focusing on dyslipidemia and its subtypes.

An adaptive AI-based virtual reality sports system for adolescents with excess body weight: a randomized controlled trial.

Adolescents with obesity face numerous health risks and encounter barriers that lead to physical inactivity. We developed a virtual reality sports system, named REVERIE (Real-World Exercise and VR-Based Exercise Research in Education), which used deep reinforcement learning to train transformer-based virtual coaching agents, offering immersive and effective sports guidance, with biomechanical performance comparable to real-world physical sports. We integrated REVERIE into a randomized controlled trial involving an 8-week intervention in adolescents with excess body weight (n = 227).

Erratum: The inhibition of YTHDF3/mA/LRP6 reprograms fatty acid metabolism and suppresses lymph node metastasis in cervical cancer: Erratum.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.87203.

Association between plasma proteomic dynamic changes and metabolic outcomes in patients undergoing bariatric surgery.

Background: Bariatric surgery (BS) improves long-term glycemic control more effectively than medical treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The objective of this study was to explore the dynamic changes on inflammatory and metabolic-related circulating proteins in a large cohort of overweight patients and patients with class I to III obesity undergoing bariatric surgery (BS).

Subjects/methods: We performed quantitative proteomic analysis (399 inflammatory/metabolic proteins, Olink Proteomics) in plasma samples collected before (n = 114) and 1 month (n = 67), 3 months (n = 64), 6 months (n = 60), 12 months (n = 48) and 24 months (n = 18) after either Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG).

Epac1 mediates thermogenesis and lipolysis in white adipose tissue via the p38γ-NFAT5 axis in a PKA-independent manner.

Beige adipocytes in white adipose tissue (WAT) share similar functions as brown adipocytes by converting lipids into heat through thermogenesis, while lipolysis is considered as a prerequisite for the activation of non-shivering thermogenesis. β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) agonist CL316,243 (CL) and cold exposure are known to enhance lipolysis and beiging of WAT in a protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent manner, while the role of PKA-independent pathways involved is still poorly understood. Here, we show that the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 1 (Epac1), a downstream target of cAMP, mediates β3-AR activation to modulate thermogenesis and lipolysis in a PKA-independent manner.

Endothelia-targeting eye drops deliver a STING inhibitor to effectively reduce retinal neovascularization in ischemic retinopathy.

Retinal neovascularization is the main pathologic feature of ischemic retinopathy, which eventually leads to vision loss and even blindness. Current treatments like laser photocoagulation and intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor A drugs are invasive, expensive, and incompetent. Therefore, it is urgent to explore optimized therapies, particularly eye drops, to improve treatment effects.

Clinical, genetic, and proteomic characteristics of type 2 diabetes complicated with exogenous insulin antibody syndrome: a case-control study.

Aims: Insulin antibodies (IAs) are prevalent in insulin-treated patients with diabetes and may cause immunological dysglycemia, known as exogenous insulin antibody syndrome (EIAS). This study aims to elucidate the clinical, genetic, and proteomic characteristics of patients with concurrent type 2 diabetes (T2D) and EIAS.

Methods: This was a case-control study with 177 IA-positive and 177 IA-negative T2D patients receiving insulin therapy.

Circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 is associated with blood pressure in the Chinese population: a community-based study.

Background: Our research team previously found that fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21, a circulating hormone, was significantly associated with atherosclerosis in human and animal models. The relationship between FGF21 and blood pressure (BP) is rarely studied in the Asian population. Therefore, we aimed to explore the relationship of FGF21 with BP in a Chinese population.

Risk factors of colorectal cancer in middle-aged and elder adults in China: findings from the China health and retirement longitudinal study.

Objective: This study aims to identify risk factors of colorectal cancer in a middle-aged and elder Chinese population over 45 years old and to provide evidence for preventing colorectal cancer in China.

Method: The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) is a nationally representative cohort used for research on demography, lifestyle and characteristics of colorectal cancer population. The logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and corresponding confidence interval (95% CI) using the maximum likelihood method.

Clinical utility of glycated albumin and 1,5-anhydroglucitol in the screening and prediction of diabetes: A multi-center study.

Background: Despite being the gold standard, the use of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) for diagnosing dysglycemia is imperfect. In particular, a low level of agreement between HbA1c and FPG in detecting prediabetes and diabetes has led to difficulties in clinical interpretation. Glycated albumin (GA) and 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) may potentially serve as biomarkers for the detection and prediction of diabetes, as well as glycemic monitoring.

Potentiation of macrophage Piezo1 by atherogenic 7-ketocholesterol.

The mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1 present in endothelial and smooth muscle cells, as well as in macrophages, is emerging as a novel, important player in the etiology of atherosclerosis. Here, we show that myeloid-specific deficiency of Piezo1 in atherogenic Ldlr mice reduces plaque formation. Moreover, chronic oxLDL, as well as its main oxysterol 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC), promotes Piezo1 opening by pressure stimulation in both mouse macrophages and transfected HEK cells.

Adipocyte-derived shed Syndecan-4 suppresses lipolysis contributing to impaired adipose tissue browning and adaptive thermogenesis.

Lipolysis in white adipose tissue (WAT) provides fatty acids as energy substrates for thermogenesis to increase energy expenditure. Syndecan-4 (Sdc4) is a transmembrane proteoglycan bearing heparan sulfate chains. Although single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the Sdc4 gene have been identified linking to metabolic syndromes, its specific function in adipose tissue remains obscure.

Neutrophil serine proteases NE and PR3 controlled by the miR-223/STAT3 axis potentiate MASH and liver fibrosis.

Background And Aims: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and its related liver fibrosis represent a substantial public health burden with limited treatment options. Although MASH is associated with enhanced neutrophil infiltration in the liver, the mediators and mechanisms underlying neutrophil-driven progression of MASH and fibrosis remain largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of neutrophil serine proteases neutrophil elastase (NE) and proteinase 3 (PR3) in the development of MASH and fibrosis.

Chchd10: A Novel Metabolic Sensor Modulating Adipose Tissue Homeostasis.

Dysregulation of adipose tissue (AT) homeostasis in obesity contributes to metabolic stress and disorders. Here, we identified that Coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing 10 (Chchd10) is a novel regulator of AT remodeling upon excess energy intake. Chchd10 is significantly reduced in the white adipose tissue (WAT) of mice in response to high-fat diet (HFD) feeding.

FGF21 protects against HFpEF by improving cardiac mitochondrial bioenergetics in mice.

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a metabolic hormone with pleiotropic effects, is beneficial for various cardiac disorders. However, FGF21's role in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains unclear. Here, we show that elevated circulating FGF21 levels are negatively associated with cardiac diastolic function in patients with HFpEF.

Protein phosphatase 6 regulates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis via the mTORC1 pathway.

Background & Aims: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a serious chronic liver disease for which therapeutic options are limited. Although fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) analogs have shown therapeutic promise for MASH in multiple preclinical and clinical studies, their underlying mechanisms of action remain elusive.

Methods: Liver-specific PPP6C and βKlotho knockout mice and their wild-type littermates were fed an AMLN (Amylin liver NASH) diet for 16 weeks or a CDA-HFD (choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet) for 8 weeks, followed by daily subcutaneous injection of recombinant FGF21 (0.

Associations Between Lead and Cadmium Exposure and Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in U.S. Adults.

The impact of lead and cadmium exposure on subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD), indicated by elevated high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTnT) and N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) remains uncertain. We analyzed data from participants aged 20 and older, without overt CVD, in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; 1999-2004). Elevated lead and cadmium levels were defined as 3.

Discovery of robust and highly specific microbiome signatures of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background: The pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with a global prevalence of 30% is multifactorial and the involvement of gut bacteria has been recently proposed. However, finding robust bacterial signatures of NAFLD has been a great challenge, mainly due to its co-occurrence with other metabolic diseases.

Results: Here, we collected public metagenomic data and integrated the taxonomy profiles with in silico generated community metabolic outputs, and detailed clinical data, of 1206 Chinese subjects w/wo metabolic diseases, including NAFLD (obese and lean), obesity, T2D, hypertension, and atherosclerosis.

Site-specific analysis and functional characterization of N-linked glycosylation for β-Klotho protein.

β-Klotho (KLB), a type I transmembrane protein, serves as an obligate co-receptor determining the tissue-specific actions of endocrine fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). Despite accumulative evidence suggesting the occurrence of N-glycosylation in the KLB protein, the precise N-glycosites, glycoforms, and the impacts of N-glycosylation on the expression and function of the KLB protein remain unexplored. Employing a mass spectrometry-based approach, a total of 12 N-glycosites displaying heterogeneous site occupancy and glycoforms were identified within the extracellular region of the recombinant human KLB protein.

Experimental Study on Seismic Behavior of Concrete-Filled Steel Tube with Spherical-Cap Gap.

Concrete-filled steel tubes (CFST) are widely used due to their high strength, ductility, and energy dissipation capacity. However, gaps in between core concrete and steel tube adversely affect the mechanical performance of structures, thereby compromising the safety of the building. In this paper, four concrete-filled steel tube specimens with spherical-cap gaps were designed, and quasi-static tests were conducted to investigate the impact of gap depth on the seismic performance of concrete-filled steel tube columns.

Autophagy deficiency exacerbated hypoxia-reoxygenation induced inflammation and cell death via a mitochondrial DNA/STING/IRF3 pathway.

Aims: Autophagy is an important cellular process for maintaining physiological homeostasis and is known to protect against cardiovascular diseases including ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. The underlying mechanisms behind its protection require further characterization.

Materials And Methods: Atg7 knock out (AKO) mice were generated and subjected to I/R injury, complemented by Atg7 KO in a H9c2 cardiomyoblast cellular model ± hypoxia-reoxygenation.