Distinct interleukin-6 production in IPL and TAFRO subtypes of idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease.

Idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by systemic inflammation and lymphadenopathy. Two major clinical subtypes, idiopathic plasmacytic lymphadenopathy (iMCD-IPL) and iMCD with thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever, renal dysfunction/reticulin fibrosis, and organomegaly (iMCD-TAFRO), exhibit distinct pathophysiologic mechanisms. While interleukin-6 (IL-6) is known to be elevated in iMCD, the differences in IL-6 production sources between subtypes remain unclear.

Geometric Aging of the Thoracic Aorta: Insights From 2 Large Cohorts.

Background: Aortic structural degeneration occurs with aging; however, 3-dimensional geometric remodeling has not been well characterized in large populations.

Methods: We segmented the thoracic aorta from magnetic resonance images of 56 164 UKB (UK Biobank) participants and computed tomography images of 9417 PMBB (Penn Medicine Biobank) participants. We quantified structural measurements of elongation, dilation, tortuosity, and curvature across the thoracic aorta.

Diagnostic approach to FNA biopsy of cystic lesions of the head and neck.

Cystic lesions of the head and neck encompass a wide spectrum of benign and malignant entities, which often presents diagnostic challenges as a result of the region's complex anatomy. Despite extensive literature, variability persists in diagnostic strategies and approaches. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy is a commonly used and highly effective method for the initial assessment of these lesions by offering a minimally invasive technique to collect cellular material for diagnostic evaluation.

Quantification of flagellar gait changes with combined shape mode analysis and swimming simulations.

Many different microswimmers propel themselves using flagella that beat periodically. The shape of the flagellar beat and swimming speed have been observed to change with fluid rheology. We quantify changes in the flagellar waveforms of in response to changes in fluid viscosity using (i) shape mode analysis and (ii) a full swimmer simulation to analyse how shape changes affect the swimming speed and to explore the dimensionality of the shape space.

Consent to Receive Offers for Kidneys From Donors With Hepatitis C Among Pediatric Kidney Transplant Candidates in the United States.

Background: Changes to the calculation of the Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) have lowered the KDPI of hepatitis C (HCV+) donor kidneys; therefore, increasing the proportion of pediatric-prioritized kidneys that are HCV+. We aimed to study consent rates for HCV+ kidneys among pediatric kidney transplant candidates.

Methods: We identified pediatric candidates waitlisted from 2019 to 2024 and excluded those who received a living donor transplant.

Exploring Neural Markers of Reward and Loss Processing and Problematic Parenting Styles A Mothers With and Without Histories of Depression.

Depressed mothers often experience parenting difficulties, which can persist after their symptoms have remitted. However, not all depressed mothers show parenting struggles, suggesting that there could be unidentified characteristics that increase risk. Specifically, neurobiological models emphasize that reward system deficits contribute to maladaptive parenting and depression, but no studies have evaluated how they could conjointly lead to parenting challenges.

Crape myrtle bark scale Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae (Coccidae: Eriococcidae) infestation seasonally alters the insect biodiversity on crape myrtle trees.

Understanding changes to local communities brought about by biological invasions is important for conserving biodiversity and maintaining environmental stability. Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) are a diverse group of insects well known for their invasion potential and ability to modify local abundance of multiple insect groups. Here, we tested how the presence of crape myrtle bark scale (Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae, CMBS), an invasive felt scale species, seasonally impacted local insect abundance, biodiversity, and community structure on crape myrtle trees.

Genetically modeled GLP1R and GIPR agonism reduce binge drinking and alcohol-associated phenotypes: a multi-ancestry drug-target Mendelian randomization study.

Pharmacological modulation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) through dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonists, commonly used for diabetes and obesity, shows promise in reducing alcohol consumption. We applied drug-target Mendelian randomization (MR) using genetic variation at these loci to assess their long-term effects on problematic alcohol use (PAU), binge drinking, alcohol misuse classifications, liver health, and other substance use behaviors. Genetic proxies for lowered BMI, modeling the appetite-suppressing and weight-reducing effects of variants in both the GIPR and GLP1R loci ("GIPR/GLP1R"), were linked with reduced binge drinking in the primary (β = -0.

Stereoelectroencephalography reveals neural signatures of multisensory integration in the human superior temporal sulcus during audiovisual speech perception.

Human speech perception is multisensory, integrating auditory information from the talker's voice with visual information from the talker's face. BOLD fMRI studies have implicated the superior temporal gyrus (STG) in processing auditory speech and the superior temporal sulcus (STS) in integrating auditory and visual speech, but as an indirect hemodynamic measure, fMRI is limited in its ability to track the rapid neural computations underlying speech perception. Using stereoelectroencephalograpy (sEEG) electrodes, we directly recorded from the STG and STS in 42 epilepsy patients (25 F, 17 M).

Prenatal alcohol exposure perturbs the development of radial glial cells in the fetal olfactory bulb.

Background: Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) causes fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) and is associated with various cognitive and sensory impairments, including olfactory dysfunction. While both genetic and environmental factors contribute to olfactory dysfunction, PAE is considered a significant factor affecting brain development, including the olfactory system. In this study, we investigated the impact of PAE on the developing olfactory bulb (OB), specifically focusing on OB RGCs-radial glial cells that give rise to OB projection neurons.

Systemic cardiovascular and carotid baroreflex support of arterial pressure during recovery from passive heat stress in young and older adults.

We evaluated the systemic cardiovascular and carotid baroreflex support of arterial pressure during recovery from whole-body, passive heating in young and older adults. Supine mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (Q; acetylene washin), systemic vascular conductance (SVC), heart rate (HR), and stroke volume (SV) were evaluated in 16 young (8F, 18-29 years) and nine older (6F, 61-73 years) adults at normothermic baseline and for 60-min passive heating and 120-min normothermic recovery. Externally applied neck pressure was used to evaluate HR, brachial vascular conductance, and MAP responses to carotid baroreceptor unloading.

Tandem CAR-T cells targeting mesothelin and MUC16 overcome tumor heterogeneity by targeting one antigen at a time.

Background: Tumor heterogeneity and antigen escape are mechanisms of resistance to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, especially in solid tumors. Targeting multiple antigens with a unique CAR construct could be a strategy for a better tumor control than monospecific CAR-T cells on heterogeneous models. To overcome tumor heterogeneity, we targeted mesothelin (meso) and Mucin 16 (MUC16), two antigens commonly expressed in solid tumors, using a tandem CAR design.

The microbiome and volatile organic compounds reflecting the state of decomposition in an indoor environment.

Given that a variety of factors can affect the decomposition process, it can be difficult to determine the post-mortem interval (PMI). The process is highly dependent on microbial activity, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a by-product of this activity. Given both have been proposed to assist in PMI determination, a deeper understanding of this relationship is needed.

Role of trait impulsivity in distracted driving and walking: A Cluster analysis.

Introduction: The present study examined whether college students could be categorized into distinct subgroups that differed in their distracted driving and walking frequencies.

Method: A sample of 277 college students participated in this study. They completed an online survey measuring their frequencies of distracted driving and walking, trait impulsivity (relatively stable characteristics of individuals to act spontaneously without considering the potential consequences), and behavioral impulsivity (process-oriented construct reflecting impulsive decision-making).

Global Burden of Psoriasis from 1990 to 2021 and Potential Factors: A Systematic Analysis.

Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory skin disorder affecting approximately 100 million people worldwide. This study aimed to understand the global impact of psoriasis on health and economics over the past three decades. we analyzed trends in psoriasis cases, its effects on people's quality of life, and the associated costs.

Reconstruction of a resource balance analysis model of Clostridium thermocellum examines the metabolic cost of glycolytic and cellulosome enzymes.

Clostridium thermocellum is an increasingly well-studied organism with considerable advantages for consolidated bioprocessing towards ethanol production. Here, a genome-scale resource balance analysis (RBA) model of C. thermocellum, ctRBA, is reconstructed based on a recently published stoichiometric model (iCTH669), global proteomics, and C MFA datasets to analyze proteome allocation and the burden imposed on metabolism with regard to ethanol yield and titer.

Green engineering of polylactic acid/polymyrcene/cellulose nanocrystals films with tunable mechanical and UV-shielding properties for food packaging applications.

In the modern era, polymyrcene, a sustainable polymer made from renewable resources, offers a potential path towards the advancement of green products. Here, we successfully created and characterized the first-ever all-bio-based composite films using cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) made from agricultural waste, polylactic acid (PLA), and polymyrcene. Environmentally acceptable substitutes for traditional polymer composites have been made possible by incorporating CNCs into the PLA-Polymyrcene matrix, which produced materials with improved structural and functional qualities.

Early-Onset Sepsis Evaluation in Persistently Hypothermic Late Preterm and Term Infants: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

This study aimed to evaluate outcomes and resource utilization in neonates ≥35 weeks' gestation admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for persistent hypothermia, and to assess the incidence of early-onset sepsis (EOS) as well as the potential benefit of using the Kaiser Permanente EOS calculator for risk stratification.This retrospective study included 161 neonates born ≥35 weeks' gestation admitted to the NICU with persistent hypothermia (core temperature <36.5°C on three separate measurements) at a tertiary care hospital between April 2017 and June 2024.

NCCN Guidelines® Insights: Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Version 7.2025.

The NCCN Guidelines for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) provide recommendations for the treatment of NSCLC. These NCCN Guidelines Insights discuss recent updates to the NCCN Guidelines, with a focus on systemic therapy options for the treatment of patients with nonmetastatic NSCLC and the corresponding molecular testing considerations.

Biliary Tract Cancers, Version 2.2025, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines In Oncology.

The NCCN Guidelines for Biliary Tract Cancers (BTCs) provide recommendations for the evaluation and comprehensive care of patients with gallbladder cancer, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. The multidisciplinary panel of experts is convened at least once annually to review requests from internal and external entities as well as to evaluate new data on current and emerging therapies. This manuscript focuses on the adjuvant chemotherapy and chemoradiation treatment options for BTCs as well as the systemic treatment recommendations for patients with advanced BTCs.

Morally offensive scientific findings activate cognitive chicanery.

We document a mutually reinforcing set of belief-system defenses-cognitive chicanery-that transform "morally wrong" scientific claims into "empirically wrong" claims. Five experiments (four preregistered, N = 7040) show that when participants read identical abstracts that varied only in the sociomoral desirability of the conclusions, morally offended participants were likelier to (1) dismiss the writing as incomprehensible (motivated confusion); (2) deny the empirical status of the research question (motivated postmodernism); (3) endorse claims inspired by Schopenhauer's stratagems (The Art of Being Right) and the Central Intelligence Agency's (CIA's) strategies for citizen-saboteurs; and (4) endorse a set of contradictory complaints, including that sample sizes are too small and that anecdotes are more informative than data, that the researchers are both unintelligent and crafty manipulators, and that the findings are both preposterous and old news. These patterns are consistent with motivated cognition, in which individuals seize on easy strategies for neutralizing disturbing knowledge claims, minimizing the need to update beliefs.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of mechanistic loneliness interventions for older adults.

The current study aimed to evaluate specific mechanisms of interventions to improve loneliness among older adults. EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO databases were searched for articles published through June 2024. We selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that sought to improve loneliness in older adults, were published in English, and used previously published measures to assess loneliness.