Temporal modulation of antiplatelet therapy in high-risk patients undergoing complex percutaneous coronary intervention: the TAILORED-CHIP randomized clinical trial.

Background And Aims: Limited data exist on optimal antiplatelet strategies for high-risk patients undergoing complex percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of tailored antiplatelet treatment with temporal modulation of the intensity of platelet inhibition in patients undergoing complex high-risk PCI.

Methods: We randomly assigned 2018 patients with high-risk anatomical or clinical characteristics undergoing complex PCI to a tailored antiplatelet strategy with early escalation (low-dose ticagrelor at 60 mg twice daily plus aspirin <6 months) and late de-escalation (clopidogrel monotherapy >6 months) or dual antiplatelet therapy (clopidogrel plus aspirin for 12 months).

High-performance biodegradable poly(lactic acid) composites with xylan and lignin copolymer.

With the rising concerns over the growing plastic waste and the accumulation of microplastics, there has been increasing attention toward biodegradable plastics. Among the widely used biodegradable plastics, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) usage has been limited; it can biodegrade under certain compost conditions and possesses some brittleness along with high tensile strength and moderate barrier properties. In this study, xylan and lignin derived from lignocellulosic biomass were introduced to PLA to improve its mechanical properties and to confer additional beneficial effects.

Association of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and steatosis-associated fibrosis estimator with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis: observation cohort study.

Previous population-based studies have demonstrated differences in cardiovascular events according to the new classification of steatotic liver disease (SLD). However, detailed data on coronary artery status have not been presented. We aimed to investigate the association between subtypes of SLD and coronary artery status using findings from coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA).

Differential impact of lipoprotein(a) on subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in asymptomatic individuals with and without diabetes mellitus.

The relationship between subclinical coronary atherosclerosis and lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) in asymptomatic people with and without diabetes mellitus (DM) is not well understood. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 7201 asymptomatic people (average age 54.4 ± 7.

Secretion of a VEGF-Blocking scFv Enhances CAR T-cell Potency.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is an effective treatment strategy for B-cell malignancies; however, its efficacy in solid tumors remains limited. VEGF-targeted drugs are used as antitumor agents to target abnormal tumor vasculature; however, toxicities associated with systemic VEGF blockade limit their maximal therapeutic benefit. Increasing evidence suggests a role for VEGF in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, including through direct induction of T cell-effector dysfunction.

Association between cholecystectomy and chronic kidney disease risk: a nationally retrospective cohort study.

Background: Cholecystectomy, a common surgery, has been associated to various health issues. Some evidence suggests associations between gallbladder removal and elevated risks of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. However, the potential association between cholecystectomy and chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains understudied.

Native nucleosomes intrinsically encode genome organization principles.

The eukaryotic genome is packed into nucleosomes of 147 base pairs around a histone core and is organized into euchromatin and heterochromatin, corresponding to the A and B compartments, respectively. Here we investigated whether individual nucleosomes contain sufficient information for 3D genomic organization into compartments, for example, in their biophysical properties. We purified native mononucleosomes to high monodispersity and used physiological concentrations of polyamines to determine their condensability.

Lignin-derived carbon flake sorbent for efficient oil-water separation.

Rapid industrialization and economic growth have intensified the impact of oily contaminants on human health and economic activities. This study developed an sorbent for oil spill remediation in aquatic systems using lignin-derived carbon flakes. Melamine foam, known for its commercial applicability, was used as a polymer matrix, with lignin serving as a binding agent for carbon flake coating.

Association of Physical Activity with Dementia Risk in Cancer Survivors: A Korean Nationwide Cohort Study.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the impact of physical activity on dementia risk among cancer survivors in South Korea.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective, population-based cohort study included 344,152 cancer survivors identified from the National Health Insurance Service database in South Korea. The mean follow-up time was 5.

Enhancing quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) with advanced artificial intelligence: comparison with manual QCA and visual estimation.

Artificial intelligence-based quantitative coronary angiography (AI-QCA) was introduced to address manual QCA's limitations in reproducibility and correction process. The present study aimed to assess the performance of an updated AI-QCA solution (MPXA-2000) in lesion detection and quantification using manual QCA as the reference standard, and to demonstrate its superiority over visual estimation. This multi-center retrospective study analyzed 1,076 coronary angiography images obtained from 420 patients, comparing AI-QCA and visual estimation against manual QCA as the reference standard.

Dietary supplementation of blend of organic acids and monoglycerides alleviated diarrhea and systemic inflammation of weaned pigs experimentally infected with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F18.

Background: The emergence of antibiotic resistant microorganisms associated with conventional swine production practices has increased interest in acid-based compounds having antimicrobial properties and other biological functions as nutritional interventions. Despite the interest in organic acids and monoglycerides, few studies have examined the effects of the combination of these acid-based additives in weaned pigs under disease challenge conditions. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with blend of organic acids and/or medium-chain fatty acid monoglycerides on intestinal health and systemic immunity of weaned pigs experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F18 at 4-week of age.

Competition between Bipolar Conduction Modes in Extrinsically -Doped MoS: Interaction with Gate Dielectric Matters.

With reduced dimensionality and a high surface area-to-volume ratio, two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors exhibit intriguing electronic properties that are exceptionally sensitive to surrounding environments, including directly interfacing gate dielectrics. These influences are tightly correlated to their inherent behavior, making it critical to examine when extrinsic charge carriers are intentionally introduced to the channel for complementary functionality. This study explores the physical origin of the competitive transition between intrinsic and extrinsic charge carrier conduction in extrinsically -doped MoS, highlighting the central role of interactions of the channel with amorphous gate dielectrics.

Influence of the glycocalyx on the size and mechanical properties of plasma membrane-derived vesicles.

Recent studies have reported that the overexpression of MUC1 glycoproteins on cell surfaces changes the morphology of cell plasma membranes and increases the blebbing of vesicles from them, supporting the hypothesis that entropic forces exerted by MUC1 change the spontaneous curvature of cell membranes. However, how MUC1 is incorporated into and influences the size and biophysical properties of plasma-membrane-blebbed vesicles is not understood. Here we report single-vesicle-level characterization of giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs) derived from cells overexpressing MUC1, revealing a 40× variation in MUC1 density between GPMVs from a single preparation and a strong correlation between GPMV size and MUC1 density.

Modularity-based mathematical modeling of ligand inter-nanocluster connectivity for unraveling reversible stem cell regulation.

The native extracellular matrix is continuously remodeled to form complex interconnected network structures that reversibly regulate stem cell behaviors. Both regulation and understanding of its intricate dynamicity can help to modulate numerous cell behaviors. However, neither of these has yet been achieved due to the lack of designing and modeling such complex structures with dynamic controllability.

CAR-T cell therapy for the treatment of adult high-grade gliomas.

Treatment for malignant primary brain tumors, including glioblastoma, remains a significant challenge despite advances in therapy. CAR-T cell immunotherapy represents a promising alternative to conventional treatments. This review discusses the landscape of clinical trials for CAR-T cell therapy targeting brain tumors, highlighting key advancements like novel target antigens and combinatorial strategies designed to address tumor heterogeneity and immunosuppression, with the goal of improving outcomes for patients with these aggressive cancers.

Leucine zipper-based SAIM imaging identifies therapeutic agents to disrupt the cancer cell glycocalyx for enhanced immunotherapy.

The abnormally thick glycocalyx of cancer cells can provide a physical barrier to immune cell recognition and effective immunotherapy. Here, we demonstrate an optical method based on Scanning Angle Interference Microscopy (SAIM) for the screening of therapeutic agents that can disrupt the glycocalyx layer as a strategy to improve anti-cancer immune responses. We developed a new membrane labeling strategy utilizing leucine zipper pairs to fluorescently mark the glycocalyx layer boundary for precise and robust measurement of glycocalyx thickness with SAIM.

In vitro investigation of monoglycerides and zinc glycinate: anti-inflammatory and epithelial barrier function.

The objectives of this study were to investigate the in vitro immune-modulatory effects of monoglycerides and zinc glycinate with porcine alveolar macrophages (PAM) and their impact on epithelial barrier integrity using the intestinal porcine enterocyte cell line (IPEC-J2). Cell viability was assessed using a Vybrant MTT assay to determine the appropriate dose range of monoglyceride blend (C4, C8, and C10) and zinc glycinate. In experiment 1, IPEC-J2 cells (5 × 105 cells/mL) were seeded and treated with each compound (monoglycerides: 0, 25, 100, 250, 500, and 1,000 µg/mL; zinc glycinate: 0, 2, 5, 12.

Multifunctional fructose-crosslinked fibroin film with a developed β-sheet structure for advanced food packaging.

The replacement of petroleum-based plastic packaging with sustainable biopolymer-based materials is still a significant challenge. In the current study, we present a novel approach to impart the multifunctionality of fibroin film through a facile fructose-mediated crosslinking process. By generating a synergistic effect by inducing the transition to β-sheet structure and introducing covalent bonds within the fibroin chain, we effectively controlled the physicochemical characteristics of fibroin film, resulting in exceptional mechanical properties surpassing previous fibroin-based films.

Antibiotic Exposure and Risk of Parkinson Disease in South Korea: A Nationally Representative Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background And Objectives: Recent studies have suggested that antibiotics could be a contributing factor to Parkinson disease (PD), but validation in other population cohorts, such as Asians, is needed. This study examined the association between exposure to antibiotics and PD risk in the Korean population.

Methods: Using the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database, this population-level cohort research study from Korea included 298,379 people aged 40 years and older who underwent a national health examination in 2004-2005.

Dietary β-mannanase reduced post-weaning diarrhea of pigs by positively modulating gut microbiota and attenuating systemic immune responses.

Background: After weaning, nursery pigs have difficulty digesting non-starch polysaccharides in their diets, which can result in growth and health problems. Among non-starch polysaccharides, β-mannan is easily found in various cereal grains that form the basis of livestock diets and interferes the digestion and utilization of nutrients. Supplementation of dietary β-mannanase in nursery diet can alleviate the negative effects on nutrient utilization efficiency caused by β-mannan and improve growth and health of pigs.

Dietary glycerides of valerate ameliorate diarrhea and impact intestinal physiology and serum biomarkers in weaned piglets infected with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F18.

In the commercial swine farm setting, the postweaning period is a critical window during which piglets are highly susceptible to infection and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)-associated diarrhea. Short-chain fatty acids and their glycerides are compounds that may influence intestinal health; however, valerate is one that has not been well-characterized for its role as a dietary supplement.