Xanthoxyline prevents aging and neuronal damage by activating autophagy and DAF-16 expression in .

Xanthoxyline, a plant-derived phytochemical, has anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-cancer activities. We intended to investigate the effect of xanthoxyline on the response to oxidative stress, aging, and Parkinson's disease. The effects of dietary supplementation with xanthoxyline on stress response and aging were examined using as a model system.

Generation of human embryonic stem cell line expressing dCas9-TET1 fusion protein for epigenetic editing.

CRISPR-based epigenome editing systems can induce site-specific transcriptional activation or repression of target genes. Ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase 1 (TET1) is a transcriptional activation effector involved in the cytosine demethylation of CpG dinucleotides in gene regulatory regions. In this study, we generated a human embryonic stem cell line that stably expresses catalytically dead Cas9 (dCas9) fused to the catalytic domain of TET1 via lentiviral transduction.

In Situ Click Chemistry Screen Facilitated by an On-Nanoparticle DNA-Encoded Library Identifies Highly Selective and Potent Peptoid Ligands for a Phosphatase.

Capture agents that selectively bind to biological targets are indispensable tools in diagnostics, therapeutics, and biomedical research. However, discovering such capture agents, particularly for structurally conserved or challenging targets, remains a challenge. Here, we describe a protein-templated in situ click strategy enabled by a nanoparticle-based DNA-encoded library (nanoDEL) platform.

Comparative Morphometric and Histometric Evaluation of Power-Dependent Tissue Ablation Using Fractional Carbon Dioxide Laser.

Background: Fractional carbon dioxide (CO) lasers are commonly used in dermatological resurfacing, offering precise ablation and controlled dermal remodeling. Although clinical outcomes vary with the energy and pulse settings, comparative morphometric and histometric data on power-dependent tissue interactions are limited.

Objective: To evaluate and compare fractional CO laser-induced microscopic thermal zones (MTZs) ablation characteristics at peak powers of 30 W and 40 W using an ex vivo porcine skin model.

Sex difference in musculoskeletal disabilities among Korean fishers: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Fishing is a physically demanding occupation with a high risk of musculoskeletal disabilities (MSDs). Although previous studies have focused on ergonomic risk factors, little attention has been paid to sex differences in the prevalence of MSDs among fishers. This study aimed to assess whether female fishers experience a higher prevalence of MSDs than male fishers and to examine whether this difference persists after adjusting for socioeconomic and occupational factors.

Vascularized and Perfusable Human Heart-on-a-Chip Model Recapitulates Aspects of Myocardial Ischemia and Enables Analysis of Nanomedicine Delivery.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms of CVDs are not yet fully understood, and animal models do not accurately replicate human heart function. Heart-on-a-chip technologies with increasing complexity are being developed to mimic aspects of native human cardiac physiology for mechanistic studies and as screening platforms for drugs and nanomedicines.

Prospective investigation of biomarker and resistance mechanism using longitudinal cell-free NGS in non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR exon 20 insertion treated with amivantamab.

Background: There has been little investigation of predictive biomarkers and resistance mechanisms of amivantamab, an EGFR, and MET targeting bispecific antibody in EGFR ex20ins. Here, we investigated the correlation of molecular profile with clinical outcome using cell-free NGS (cf-NGS) in patients treated with amivantamab.

Methods: Plasma samples from PCR or NGS-confirmed EGFR ex20ins patients (n = 30) treated with amivantamab were prospectively and longitudinally collected for analysis.

Physiological responses to videoconferencing exposure in individuals with social anxiety: an iPPG-based HRV analysis.

Background: Although social anxiety remains prevalent, conventional exposure therapy faces limitations such as limited accessibility, high cost, and low ecological validity. These barriers highlight the need for alternative, scalable methods that can effectively simulate social evaluative contexts.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the anxiety-inducing effects of videoconferencing exposure, measured through heart rate variability (HRV), using a fully online-based methodology.

Artificial Intelligence-Powered Spatial Analysis of Immune Phenotypes in Resected Pancreatic Cancer.

Importance: Although tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been implicated as prognostic biomarkers across various malignancies, the clinical application remains challenging. This study evaluated the applicability of artificial intelligence (AI)-powered spatial mapping of TIL density for prognostic assessment in resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic significance of AI-powered spatial TIL analysis in resected PDAC and its clinical applicability.

Discovery of Novel Ferrites for Thermochemical H Production Cycle via High-Throughput Thermodynamic Screening.

This study highlights the discovery of the (MgMnCo)FeO system, identified through a high-throughput thermodynamic screening utilizing the CALPHAD methodology, as a highly efficient material system for two-step thermochemical water splitting under mitigated redox reaction conditions. The screening focuses on a wide range of ferrite systems (MFeO, M═Mn, Al, Mg, Co, Ni, 0.05< x< 0.

Physicochemical Reinforcement of Hydrophilic Gelatin Films by Fibroin Nanofibrils Prepared via Cellulose-Assisted Self-Assembly.

This study developed cellulose-assisted silk nanofibrils through a templated cellulose regeneration process. During cellulose dissolution and regeneration, the structure of silk fibroin transitioned into β-sheet, facilitating its self-assembly into nanofibrils. These cellulose-assisted fibroin nanofibrils exhibited excellent dispersion stability and optical properties.

Comparative study of CYP450 gene regulation in human pluripotent stem cell-derived liver 2D cell and 3D organoid models.

Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived hepatic models, including 2D hepatocyte-like cells (2D HLCs) and hepatic organoids (HOs), are valuable in vitro models for evaluating the safety and efficacy of drugs. However, 2D HLCs show limited expression and activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes, particularly cytochrome P450 (CYP450), which are involved in detoxification, a major liver function. HOs have more mature properties than 2D HLCs, particularly enhanced CYP450 gene expression.

Distribution analysis of the finless porpoises (Neophocaena sp.) and oceanic dolphins (Delphinidae) in the Korean Sea using environmental DNA.

Environmental DNA (eDNA) serves as a non-invasive tool for monitoring the presence of specific organisms in challenging or hard-to-access areas. We attempted non-invasive monitoring of Korean cetacean species by extracting eDNA from the western and southern seas of the Republic of Korea, as well as around Jeju Island. In the present study, we focused on two representative cetaceans of the Korean Sea: the narrow-ridged finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis sunameri) and oceanic dolphins (Family Delphinidae).

Erythromycin Stress Upregulates Antiangiogenic Metabolites in the Gut Bacterium .

The interplay among antibiotics, gut microbiota, and disease pathogenesis remains poorly understood, particularly in the context of rare gut bacteria. This study identifies a novel correlation between erythromycin-induced stress and the production of antiangiogenic metabolites in , a human gut bacterium. We report the isolation and structural characterization of aneuristatin (), a metabolite featuring a unique pyrrolo[1,2-]pyrazine scaffold, along with seven structurally related metabolites (-) from ATCC 12856.

MSK1 promotes colorectal cancer metastasis by increasing Snail protein stability through USP5-mediated Snail deubiquitination.

Mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase 1 (MSK1), a Ser/Thr kinase, phosphorylates nuclear proteins to increase their stability and DNA-binding affinity. Despite the role of MSK1 in promoting cancer progression in colorectal cancer (CRC), the precise molecular mechanisms remain unelucidated. Here we show that MSK1 expression induces the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and increases CRC cell metastasis.

Current hPSC-derived liver organoids for toxicity testing: Cytochrome P450 enzymes and drug metabolism.

Drug-induced hepatotoxicity is the leading cause of attrition of drug candidates and withdrawal of marketed drugs owing to safety concerns. In most hepatotoxicity cases, the parent drugs are metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, generating reactive metabolites that bind to intracellular organelles and proteins, ultimately causing hepatocellular damage. A major limitation of animal models, which are widely used for toxicity assessment, is the discrepancy in CYP-mediated drug metabolism and toxicological outcomes owing to species differences between humans and animals.

Amino Acid Hepatotoxicity Biomarkers in Human Hepatic Organoids: Promising Standardization of Drug Toxicity Evaluation.

Human hepatic organoids (hHOs) are regarded as physiologically relevant in vitro platforms to evaluate hepatotoxicity, a critical step in drug development, but their applications are currently limited by the lack of qualified and standardized evaluation markers. In this study, by leveraging the established reference measurement system of amino acids (AAs), we propose 12 new biomarkers for drug-induced hepatotoxicity evaluation in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hHOs. Two orthogonal analytical methods for AAs were developed and validated based on isotope dilution mass spectrometry.

List of occupational diseases among farmers in Korea: a literature review.

A comprehensive list of occupational diseases among farmers is crucial for both compensation and prevention efforts. In Korea, most farmers are self-employed, and some occupational diseases are compensated through farmer safety insurance. However, it is not harmonized with industrial accident compensation insurance and does not adequately reflect the true burden of occupational diseases among farmers.

Heterotropic Activation of Cytochrome P450 3A4 by Perillyl Alcohol.

: Perillyl alcohol (POH), a monoterpene natural product derived from the essential oils of plants such as perilla (), is currently in phase I and II clinical trials as a chemotherapeutic agent. In this study, we investigated the effect of POH on cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity for evaluating POH-drug interaction potential. : The investigation was conducted using pooled human liver microsomes (HLMs), recombinant CYP3A4 (rCYP3A4) enzymes, and human pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatic organoids (hHOs) employing liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Insights into glucose-derived carbon dot synthesis via Maillard reaction: from reaction mechanism to biomedical applications.

Carbon dots (CDs) are versatile nanomaterials that are considered ideal for application in bioimaging, drug delivery, sensing, and optoelectronics owing to their excellent photoluminescence, biocompatibility, and chemical stability features. Nitrogen doping enhances the fluorescence of CDs, alters their electronic properties, and improves their functional versatility. N-doped CDs can be synthesized via solvothermal treatment of carbon sources with nitrogen-rich precursors; however, systematic investigations of their synthesis mechanisms have been rarely reported.

Indole-3-carbinol alleviates allergic skin inflammation via periostin/thymic stromal lymphopoietin suppression in atopic dermatitis.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory skin disorder with a complex etiology. Despite its increasing prevalence, treatment of AD is still limited. Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) is found in cruciferous vegetables and is formed when these vegetables are cut, chewed, or cooked; it exerts diverse pharmacological activities.

Multifunctional fructose-crosslinked fibroin film with a developed β-sheet structure for advanced food packaging.

The replacement of petroleum-based plastic packaging with sustainable biopolymer-based materials is still a significant challenge. In the current study, we present a novel approach to impart the multifunctionality of fibroin film through a facile fructose-mediated crosslinking process. By generating a synergistic effect by inducing the transition to β-sheet structure and introducing covalent bonds within the fibroin chain, we effectively controlled the physicochemical characteristics of fibroin film, resulting in exceptional mechanical properties surpassing previous fibroin-based films.

A new quantitative real-time PCR method to measure human miRNAs using the PROMER technology.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that play a crucial role in regulating gene expression. Dysregulation of miRNAs is associated with various human diseases, including cancer. Accurate quantification of miRNAs in bodily fluids or tissue biopsy samples is essential for their use as biomarkers in tumor diagnosis, yet current methods remain suboptimal.