Tumor microenvironment-based classification for predicting gastric cancer prognosis.

Background: The tumor microenvironment (TME), consisting of tumor-associated stroma and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), is crucial for prognostic information in gastric cancer (GC). Despite its potential, routine clinical adoption remains limited.

Methods: In a study of 320 GC patients, virtual staining and image processing were applied to hematoxylin & eosin-stained slides.

Gold Nanoparticle-mRNA Conjugates Encapsulated in Lipid Nanoparticles for Coordinated Codelivery of Multiple mRNAs.

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can be engineered to be utilized as carriers via anchoring multiple nucleic acids, including mRNAs, in specific ratios. However, the negative charge of mRNA-AuNP conjugates presents significant challenges for efficient cellular uptake and subsequent expression. To overcome this limitation, we developed a delivery system that combines mRNA-AuNP conjugation with lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to enhance intracellular delivery.

Ethnic Differences in the Diagnostic Accuracy of a Quantitative Ultrasound-Derived Fat Fraction Estimator for Hepatic Steatosis: External Validation in Asian and Caucasian Cohorts.

Purpose: Ultrasound fat fraction estimation (USFF) using quantitative ultrasonography (QUS) is a promising method for assessing liver fat in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). However, its performance across different ethnicities remains unclear. This study aimed to externally validate and compare USFF accuracy in Asian and Caucasian cohorts.

Secretory IgA dysfunction underlies poor prognosis in -infected colorectal cancer.

(Fn) is commonly enriched in colorectal cancer (CRC) and associated with poor outcomes, though its mechanisms remain unclear. Our study investigated how Fn affects the tumor microenvironment through single-cell transcriptomic analyses of 42 CRC patient tissues, comparing Fn-positive and Fn-negative tumors. We discovered that Fn impairs IgA plasma cell development and secretory IgA (sIgA) production by disrupting communication with tumor-associated macrophages.

Artificial Intelligence-Powered Spatial Analysis of Immune Phenotypes in Resected Pancreatic Cancer.

Importance: Although tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been implicated as prognostic biomarkers across various malignancies, the clinical application remains challenging. This study evaluated the applicability of artificial intelligence (AI)-powered spatial mapping of TIL density for prognostic assessment in resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic significance of AI-powered spatial TIL analysis in resected PDAC and its clinical applicability.

Tailoring thresholds for interpreting plasma p-tau217 levels.

Background: Plasma phosphorylated tau (p-tau) 217 test has emerged as a minimally invasive and accessible alternative to positron emission tomography imaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnostics. However, the diagnostic performance of p-tau217 across diverse cognitive and demographic subgroups remains underexplored. This multicentre cross-sectional study aimed to assess the diagnostic utility of plasma p-tau217 using a double cut-off approach in a large, diverse cohort, focusing on subgroup analyses based on cognitive status, age, sex, body mass index and ε4 carrier status.

Prevalence and characteristics of impacted teeth in Korean orthodontic patients at ten university dental hospitals.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of impacted teeth (ITs) in orthodontic patients at university dental hospitals in Korea.

Methods: This study included 14,774 patients who visited the Department of Orthodontics at 10 university dental hospitals in Korea between 2020 and 2022 and underwent orthodontic diagnosis. The prevalence and characteristics of ITs were investigated using orthodontic diagnostic records, radiographs, and diagnostic casts.

Impact of Therapeutic Radioactive Iodine on the Recurrence of Papillary Thyroid Cancer With Extranodal Extension in Metastatic Lymph Nodes: A Propensity Score-matched Analysis.

Purpose: Radioactive iodine therapy (RAI) ≥100 mCi (3.7 GBq) is commonly recommended for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients with extranodal extension (ENE). However, no study has evaluated whether RAI ≥100 mCi is effective in reducing the recurrence of PTC with ENE.

Comparative Evaluation of Pre-Test Probability Models for Coronary Artery Disease with Assessment of a New Machine Learning-Based Model.

Purpose: This study aimed to validate pivotal pre-test probability (PTP)-coronary artery disease (CAD) models (CAD consortium model and IJC-CAD model).

Materials And Methods: Traditional PTP models-CAD consortium models: two traditional PTP models were used under the CAD consortium framework, namely CAD1 and CAD2. Machine learning (ML)-based PTP models: two ML-based PTP models were derived from CAD1 and CAD2, and used to enhance predictive capabilities [ML-CAD2 and ML-IJC (IJC-CAD)].

National dose survey and discussion on establishing diagnostic reference levels for dental imaging in Korea.

Objectives: This study aimed to establish updated diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for dental imaging modalities in South Korea.

Methods: In cooperation with the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, various types of institutions (dental clinics, dental hospitals, and dental university hospitals) were selected to investigate the status of diagnostic radiation equipment use. Subsequently, over 300 units were randomly selected for each imaging device type (intraoral, panoramic, and cone-beam CT [CBCT]) as measurement samples.

Predicting 30-day mortality with routine blood tests in patients undergoing palliative radiation therapy: A comparison of logistic regression and gradient boosting models.

Purpose: This study aimed to estimate the 30-day mortality (30D_M) and compare models for 30D_M prediction in patients undergoing palliative radiation therapy (RT).

Materials And Methods: Data from 3,756 patients who underwent palliative RT between 2018 and 2020 at two institutions were retrospectively reviewed. From one institution, 3,315 patients were randomly assigned to the training (N = 2,652) and internal validation (N = 663) cohorts.

Prediction of microsatellite-stable/epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition molecular subtype gastric cancer using CT radiomics and clinicopathologic factors.

Objectives: This study aimed to develop a predictive model for the microsatellite-stable (MSS)/epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) subtype of gastric cancer (GC) using computed tomography (CT) radiomics and clinicopathological factors.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 418 patients with GC who underwent primary resection and transcriptome analysis with microarray between October 1995 and May 2008. Using preoperative CT images, radiomic features from the volume of interest in the portal venous phase images were extracted.

Application of network analysis and association rule mining for visualizing the lymph node metastasis patterns in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Understanding the patterns of lymph node (LN) metastases in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is important for accurate staging and defining the extent of lymphadenectomy. This study clarified the patterns of LN metastases in ESCC using data mining techniques. 1181 patients with LN metastases who underwent upfront esophagectomy for ESCC were analyzed.

Neuro-ophthalmologic Outcomes of Orbital Apex Syndrome Caused by Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis.

 Orbital apex syndrome (OAS) is characterized by visual loss, ophthalmoplegia, ptosis, and orbital pain. This study aims to analyze neuro-ophthalmologic outcomes of OAS resulting from invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (IFS).  This retrospective study analyzed 25 patients diagnosed with OAS resulting from IFS between January 2018 and July 2022.

Multidimensional characterization of craniofacial skeletal phenotype of obstructive sleep apnea in adults.

Objectives: We aimed to characterize a craniofacial skeletal phenotype (CSP) of adult obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients from a multidimensional perspective, exploring the impact of transverse skeletal discrepancy (TSD) on multivariable polysomnographic profiles.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional study included 102 adult OSA patients. Sagittal, vertical, and transverse skeletal patterns were categorized on the cone beam computed tomography images.

Clinical consequence of hypophosphatemia during antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B.

Background: Antiviral therapy is an essential treatment for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection. Although hypophosphatemia is an important adverse effect of antiviral agents, its clinical significance remains unclear. We investigated the incidence and clinical consequences of hypophosphatemia in a large cohort of CHB patients.

Recurrence-free survival after hepatectomy using propofol-based total intravenous anaesthesia and sevoflurane-based inhalational anaesthesia: a randomised controlled study.

Background: While evidence from preclinical and observational cohort studies have suggested potential disparities in tumour behaviour associated with the choice of intra-operative anaesthetics, clinical evidence of tumour recurrence and metastasis remains inconclusive. We aimed to compare the impact of intra-operative anaesthesia on oncologic outcomes following hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Methods: Adult patients scheduled for elective hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma were assigned randomly (1:1) to either propofol-based total intravenous anaesthesia or sevoflurane-based inhalational anaesthesia.

Clinical and radiologic features of soft tissue sarcoma in trunk and extremities that underwent unplanned excision.

Background: To identify the clinical and imaging characteristics of soft tissue sarcomas (STS) of the trunk and extremities that undergo unplanned excision.

Methods: This retrospective study evaluated the data of patients with STS in the trunk or extremities between January 2008 and December 2021. Patients were divided into unplanned and planned excision groups based on their initial treatment.

Unique structural configuration of EV-DNA primes Kupffer cell-mediated antitumor immunity to prevent metastatic progression.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) transport biomolecules that mediate intercellular communication. We previously showed that EVs contain DNA (EV-DNA) representing the entire genome. However, the mechanism of genomic EV-DNA packaging and its role in cancer remain elusive.

Development of a flexible feature selection framework in radiomics-based prediction modeling: Assessment with four real-world datasets.

There are several important challenges in radiomics research; one of them is feature selection. Since many quantitative features are non-informative, feature selection becomes essential. Feature selection methods have been mixed with filter, wrapper, and embedded methods without a rule of thumb.

Craniofacial anatomical determinants of pediatric sleep-disordered breathing: A comprehensive review.

Purpose: This narrative review aims to elucidate the anatomical features of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in children. By identifying key structures and intervening proactively, we seek to alter craniofacial growth patterns and improve functional outcomes for SDB children.

Methods: The literature on pediatric sleep-disordered breathing (PSDB), pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), anatomical predispositions, and the relationship between skeletal deformity and PSDB was examined using PubMed and Google Scholar databases, covering studies from 2006 to 2024.

Assessment of Nonmass Lesions Detected with Screening Breast US Based on Mammographic Findings.

Background Breast nonmass lesions (NMLs) are observed at screening and diagnostic US. However, knowledge is limited on imaging features of NMLs at screening US. Purpose To identify features of NMLs at screening US that are suspicious for malignancy based on mammographic findings.

Formulation of lipid nanoparticles containing ginsenoside Rg2 and protopanaxadiol for highly efficient delivery of mRNA.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are widely recognized as crucial carriers of mRNA in therapeutic and vaccine development. The typical lipid composition of mRNA-LNP systems includes an ionizable lipid, a helper lipid, a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-lipid, and cholesterol. Concerns arise regarding cholesterol's susceptibility to oxidation, potentially leading to undesired immunological responses and toxicity.

Genome-wide methylation profiling reveals extracellular vesicle DNA as an ex vivo surrogate of cancer cell-derived DNA.

Extracellular vesicle-derived DNA (evDNA) encapsulates the complete genome and mutational status of cells; however, whether cancer cell-derived evDNA mirrors the epigenetic features of parental genomic DNA remains uncertain. This study aimed to assess and compare the DNA methylation patterns of evDNA from cancer cell lines and primary cancer tissues with those of the nuclear genomic DNA. We isolated evDNA secreted by two cancer cell lines (HCT116 and MDA-MB-231) from various subcellular compartments, including the nucleus and cytoplasm.