NMDAR-Antibody Encephalitis Diagnosed With Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: A Case Series.

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-antibody encephalitis (NMDAR encephalitis) is one of the most common forms of autoimmune encephalitis, with a paraneoplastic relationship described in approximately 38%. Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare hematologic malignancy that is not often considered as the underlying neoplasm in this autoimmune disease. We report three cases of suspected NMDAR encephalitis diagnosed in the context of PCNSL.

Preferential Sensitivity of the EGFR L858M/L861R Mutation to Second-Generation EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

Purpose: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) frequently harbors targetable EGFR mutations. However, rare variants such as EGFR L858M or L861R remain poorly characterized. This study aimed to elucidate the oncogenic potential and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) sensitivity of the EGFR L858M/L861R mutation to inform personalized treatment strategies.

Patient-reported outcomes in relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with odronextamab monotherapy.

In the ELM-2 study (NCT03888105) of patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (r/r DLBCL) ( = 141), odronextamab 160 mg weekly (after step-up dosing) significantly improved Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Lymphoma (FACT-Lym) Lymphoma Subscale (LymS, least squares mean [95% confidence interval], 3.02 [1.76, 4.

Correlation of mast cell density and histopathological characteristics of syringoma: An immunohistochemical study.

Background Syringoma, a benign skin tumour characterised by stromal fibrosis and epithelial encirclement, suffers from limited treatment options. Aim This study aimed to analyse the correlation between mast cell density and histological features of syringomas, particularly stromal fibrosis and epidermal pigmentation. Methods Immunohistochemical staining with CD117 and estrogen receptor (ER)-α was performed in 49 samples from 47 patients of syringoma to assess mast cell density and ER-α expression.

Predictive role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and immune phenotype for pembrolizumab in relapsed or refractory thymic carcinoma.

Background: Pembrolizumab is a promising treatment option for platinum-failed thymic carcinoma; however, the lack of established predictive biomarkers remains a challenge. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the predictive value of artificial intelligence (AI)-powered tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) analysis of pembrolizumab for thymic carcinoma.

Methods: Patients with platinum-failed, advanced thymic carcinoma treated with pembrolizumab between January 2016 and December 2021 were included.

Lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab for patients with previously treated select solid tumors: Results from the phase 2 LEAP-005 study recurrent glioblastoma cohort.

Background: Patients with recurrent glioblastoma (GBM) have a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. The authors report the efficacy and safety of lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab in participants with recurrent GBM enrolled in the phase 2, multicohort LEAP-005 study (NCT03797326).

Methods: Eligible participants had histologically confirmed GBM (World Health Organization grade IV) with disease progression since previous treatment, and one or more prior lines of therapy.

Health-Related Quality of Life With Odronextamab Monotherapy for Relapsed/Refractory Follicular Lymphoma in the ELM-2 Study.

Background: In ELM-2, the human CD20 × CD3 bispecific antibody odronextamab was associated with deep, durable responses and a generally manageable safety profile in patients with relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma (r/r FL).

Patients And Methods: Prespecified analyses reported herein examined patient-reported outcomes in ELM-2 among 140 patients with r/r FL.

Results: Using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30), patients reported good global health status/quality of life (GHS/QoL), functioning, and low symptom burden at baseline, which were generally maintained.

iMSC-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Improve Atopic Dermatitis by Augmenting Skin Barrier Integrity and Inhibiting Inflammation, Pruritus and Th2 Immune Responses.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by severe itching and eczematous lesions. Despite various treatments, AD patients experience side effects and fail to achieve full remission. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from IFN-γ-primed induced mesenchymal stem cells (IFN-γ-iMSC-EVs) in a 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD mouse model.

Early growth response 1 as a key regulator of PD-L1 expression and immune evasion in extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma.

This study investigates the role of Early Growth Response 1 (EGR1) in extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) and its correlation with PD-L1 expression. Analysis of 62 ENKTL patient samples revealed that high EGR1 expression was linked to PD-L1 positivity, the immune evasion-A subtype, and early-stage disease. Although EGR1 expression was not an independent prognostic factor for overall survival, patients with higher EGR1 levels showed a trend toward better outcomes.

ROS-responsive MnO mesoporous hydrogel to modulate liver-muscle crosstalk and mitigate NAFLD-associated sarcopenia via exosomal miR-582-5p delivery.

The interrelation between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and sarcopenia has emerged as a significant concern due to its systemic impact on metabolic health. However, therapeutic approaches targeting the liver-muscle axis remain underdeveloped. Oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways are key mediators of this crosstalk, exacerbating disease progression.

Evorpacept plus rituximab for the treatment of relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma: results from the phase I ASPEN-01 study.

CD47 overexpression has been associated with tumor cell survival. We present the safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and preliminary anti-tumor activity of evorpacept, a novel fusion protein comprising a high-affinity CD47-SIRPα immune checkpoint inhibitor to promote tumor cell phagocytosis and inactive Fc domain to spare healthy cells, plus rituximab in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) from the phase I ASPEN-01 study. Thirty-three patients received intravenous evorpacept (10 mg/kg [N=22] or 15 mg/kg [N=11] once weekly) until disease progression, in combination with fixed-duration intravenous rituximab (375 mg/m2 once weekly for 4 weeks, then every 4 weeks for 8 months).

Polyphenol-Inorganic Sulfate Complex-Enriched Straightening Shampoo for Reinforcing and Restoring Reduced Hair Integrity.

Conventional hair-straightening methods that use chemical treatments to break disulfide bonds cause severe damage to the hair shaft, leading to weakened hair that is prone to reverting to its curly form in high humidity. Therefore, a unique haircare coating technology is required to protect hair integrity and provide a long-lasting straightening effect. Herein, we designed a hair-straightening technology by integrating a nature-inspired polyphenol-inorganic sulfate (PIS) redox agent into formulated shampoo, which achieves a desirable straightening effect through sulfate-induced disulfide breakage while preserving hair integrity through a polyphenol-reinforced structure.

Odronextamab monotherapy in patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma: primary efficacy and safety analysis in phase 2 ELM-2 trial.

The phase 2, multicohort, ongoing ELM-2 study evaluates odronextamab, a CD20×CD3 bispecific antibody, in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma after ≥2 lines of therapy. Here primary analysis of the diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cohort is reported. Patients received intravenous odronextamab in 21-day cycles until progression or unacceptable toxicity, with cycle 1 step-up dosing to mitigate cytokine release syndrome (CRS) risk.

Extracellular Vesicles from Induced Mesenchymal Stem Cells Inhibit Acute Kidney Injury to Chronic Kidney Disease Transition.

Compared with conventional mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), induced mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs) from induced pluripotent stem cells are unique cell sources for tissue regeneration. The effect of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted from iMSCs on inhibiting acute kidney injury (AKI) to chronic kidney disease (CKD) transition was not reported. In this study, we investigated whether EVs from iMSCs (iMSC-EVs) could inhibit AKI-to-CKD transition.

Distant origin of glioblastoma recurrence: neural stem cells in the subventricular zone serve as a source of tumor reconstruction after primary resection.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and common type of primary malignant brain cancer in adults. GBM often recurs locally near the resection cavity (RC) following the surgical removal of primary tumors. Recent research has reported that neural stem cells (NSCs) in the subventricular zone (SVZ) harboring cancer-driving mutations serve as the cells of origin for human GBM.

Distribution and failure patterns of primary central nervous system lymphoma related to the hippocampus: implications for hippocampal avoidance irradiation.

Purpose: Hippocampal injury from WBRT contributes to neurocognitive decline in brain malignancy patients. HA-WBRT may mitigate this by reducing hippocampal radiation exposure, but its feasibility in PCNSL remains unassessed regarding hippocampal involvement and failure rates. This study evaluates hippocampal involvement at diagnosis and after treatment in PCNSL patients.

Remodeling of tumor microenvironments by EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in -mutant non-small cell lung cancer.

Patients with mutations exhibit immunosuppressive microenvironments, limiting responsiveness to immunotherapy. We used digital spatial profiling to analyze non-small cell lung carcinomas in 25 patients before and after EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment, including 14 patients treated with first-line osimertinib, focusing on CD45-positive immune regions and pan-cytokeratin-positive tumor regions. Osimertinib treatment resulted in altered angiogenic pathways and immune cell proportions, with reduced plasma cells (22.

The Synergistic Effect of PARP Inhibitors and Irinotecan in Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells.

Purpose: This study focused on combining irinotecan with Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors to explore the potential for novel combination therapeutics in small cell lung cancer (SCLC).

Materials And Methods: We selected 10 different SCLC cell lines with diverse mutational backgrounds in DNA damage response (DDR) pathway genes to evaluate the efficacy of the combination of three PARP inhibitors and irinotecan. After the cells were exposed to the drugs for seven days, cell viability was measured, and a combination index was calculated.

Enhancing Clinical Applications by Evaluation of Sensitivity and Specificity in Whole Exome Sequencing.

The cost-effectiveness of whole exome sequencing (WES) remains controversial due to variant call variability, necessitating sensitivity and specificity evaluation. WES was performed by three companies (AA, BB, and CC) using reference standards composed of DNA from hydatidiform mole and individual blood at various ratios. Sensitivity was assessed by the detection rate of null-homozygote (N-H) alleles at expected variant allelic fractions, while false positive (FP) errors were counted for unexpected alleles.

The role of extracellular vesicles in kidney disease progression.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized membranous particles released by nearly all cell types, playing a crucial role in mediating cell-to-cell communication. The molecular profile of EVs often reflects that of their originating cells, rendering them valuable for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. The kidney comprises various cell types, and urinary EVs are predominantly produced from tubular, glomerular, and urinary bladder cells.

Spatial dissection of tumour microenvironments in gastric cancers reveals the immunosuppressive crosstalk between fibroblasts and -activated macrophages.

Background: A spatially resolved, niche-level analysis of tumour microenvironments (TME) can provide insights into cellular interactions and their functional impacts in gastric cancers (GC).

Objective: Our goal was to translate the spatial organisation of GC ecosystems into a functional landscape of cellular interactions involving malignant, stromal and immune cells.

Design: We performed spatial transcriptomics on nine primary GC samples using the Visium platform to delineate the transcriptional landscape and dynamics of malignant, stromal and immune cells within the GC tissue architecture, highlighting cellular crosstalks and their functional consequences in the TME.

The Phase 3 KEYLYNK-006 Study of Pembrolizumab Plus Olaparib Versus Pembrolizumab Plus Pemetrexed as Maintenance Therapy for Metastatic Nonsquamous NSCLC.

Introduction: Poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) inhibitors, including olaparib, upregulate programmed cell death ligand 1, which may increase the efficacy of anti-programmed cell death protein 1 and anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 therapies.

Methods: In the phase 3 KEYLYNK-006 trial (NCT03976323), eligible adults with previously untreated metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC without targetable genetic alterations who had complete response, partial response, or stable disease after induction therapy with four cycles of pembrolizumab 200 mg every three weeks, pemetrexed 500 mg/m, and carboplatin area under the concentration-time curve 5 mg/mL/min or cisplatin 75 mg/m were randomized in a one-to-one ratio to olaparib 300 mg orally twice daily or pemetrexed every three weeks, both given with up to 31 cycles of pembrolizumab every three weeks. Dual primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Multifaceted action of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a chronic liver disease associated with metabolic syndrome. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are essential signaling mediators containing functional biomolecules. EVs are secreted from various cell types, and recent studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs have therapeutic potential against immune and metabolic diseases.