The bacterial tRNA modifying enzyme tRNA lysidine synthetase is genetically conserved but catalytically variable.

The AUA isoleucine codon is generally rare and used with varying frequency in bacterial genomes. The tRNA responsible for decoding this trinucleotide must be modified at the wobble position by tRNA lysidine synthetase (TilS) prior to aminoacylation and accommodation at the ribosome. To test the hypothesis that TilS catalytic efficiency correlates with AUA frequency, we cloned tilS genes from bacteria with varying AUA codon usage.

Prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: Association with child behavior in the environmental influences on child health outcomes (ECHO) Cohort.

Background: Prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may adversely impact child neurodevelopment; however, epidemiologic findings remain inconclusive because of small sample sizes, limited exposure variability, and differing neurodevelopmental measures. We aimed to investigate the relationship between prenatal PFAS exposure and child behavior.

Methods: We pooled data from nine study sites in the nationwide Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort.

Student and Staff Knowledge of School Tobacco Policies and Student E-Cigarette Use, California 2022-2023.

Background: Since 2016, California has prohibited e-cigarette use alongside smoking in K-12 schools. School tobacco policies may reduce student e-cigarette use.

Methods: We analyzed 2022 to 2023 California Healthy Kids Survey (CHKS) and School Staff Survey data (n = 219,114).

ENLITE PD: A Randomized Clinical Trial of Light Therapy for Impaired Sleep in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Light therapy (LT) in Parkinson's disease improves sleep. Specific LT parameters require further study, including optimal frequency.

Objectives: We aimed to determine if once- or twice-daily bright white light therapy (BWLT) improves sleep.

Advanced Glycation End-Product Carboxymethyl-Lysine and Incident Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation in Older Adults.

Background: Advanced glycation end-products result from chemical modification of proteins under conditions of hyperglycemia or oxidative stress common with advancing age. Advanced glycation end-product (AGE) formation alters vascular and cardiac structure and function, yet the prospective associations of circulating AGEs with heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) have not been studied.

Methods: We evaluated the associations of serum N-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML), a major AGE in tissue proteins, and incident HF and AF in the CHS (Cardiovascular Health Study), a population-based cohort of older adults.

Outcomes of patients treated with venetoclax plus azacitidine versus azacitidine alone stratified by advanced age and acute myeloid leukemia composite model.

Venetoclax plus azacitidine is recognized as standard of care for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) ineligible for intensive chemotherapy (IC). However, some patients may still not be treated with venetoclax combinations due to frailty concerns. We evaluated efficacy and safety of venetoclax plus azacitidine vs.

Pediatric Transcatheter Atrial Septal Stent Removal Following ECMO Support Including Use of Novel Retrieval Device.

Left atrial (LA) decompression is often performed in patients on venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to help offload the left ventricle. Atrial septal stents may be used to ensure the adequacy of LA decompression; however, if there is cardiopulmonary recovery and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support is no longer needed, the stents require removal. We describe 3 pediatric patients who required venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support and atrial septal stent placement who underwent successful transcatheter removal of the stents after cardiac recovery.

Population pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of gabapentin identifies rapid plasma clearance in rehabilitated Pacific harbor seal pups (Phoca vitulina richardii).

Objective: Determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of a single dose of gabapentin administered orally in healthy weaned Pacific harbor seal (HS) pups (Phoca vitulina richardii).

Methods: In the spring of 2023, rehabilitated HS pups were enrolled in this pharmacokinetic study. Seals were administered 10 mg/kg of gabapentin orally in a fish.

Clinical and ultrasonographic findings in horses with desmopathy of the palmar/plantar abaxial ligaments of the proximal interphalangeal joint: 20 cases.

Objective: To describe the clinical and ultrasonographic findings in horses with desmopathy of the abaxial palmar/plantar ligament (APL) of the proximal interphalangeal joint and the prevalence of concurrent musculoskeletal injuries in the pastern and foot.

Animals: Horses presenting to New Bolton Center between March 2017 and November 2022 with an age ranging from 5 to 20 years that underwent lameness evaluation in which lameness was localized to the distal limb and had an ultrasonographic diagnosis of APL desmopathy.

Clinical Presentation: Horses included were those that (1) presented for a lameness examination; (2) had lameness that improved after diagnostic analgesia with a low 4-point nerve block (medial and lateral palmar/plantar nerves and medial and lateral palmar/plantar metacarpal/metatarsal nerves), abaxial sesamoid nerve block (medial and lateral palmar or plantar nerves), or palmar/plantar digital nerve block; and (3) had an ultrasonographic diagnosis of APL desmopathy.

Charting the equine miRNA landscape: An integrated pipeline and browser for annotating, quantifying, and visualizing expression.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are essential regulators of gene expression, yet few comprehensive databases exist for miRNA expression in non-model species, limiting our ability to characterize their roles in gene regulation, development, and disease. Similarly, isomiRs - length and sequence isoforms of canonical miRNAs with potentially altered regulatory targets and functions - have received even less attention in non-model species, including the horse, leaving a critical gap in our understanding of their biological significance. To address these challenges, we developed an open-source, containerized pipeline for identifying and quantifying miRNAs and isomiRs (FARmiR: Framework for Analysis and Refinement of miRNAs), and an associated interactive browser (AIMEE: Animal IsomiR and MiRNA Expression Explorer).

Distinct cellular and reproductive consequences of meiotic chromosome synapsis defects in syce2 and sycp1 mutant zebrafish.

The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a meiosis-specific structure that aligns homologous chromosomes and promotes the repair of meiotic DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). To investigate how defects in SC formation affect gametogenesis in zebrafish, we analyzed mutations in two genes encoding core SC components: syce2 and sycp1. In syce2 mutants, chromosomes exhibit partial synapsis, primarily at sub-telomeric regions, whereas sycp1 mutant chromosomes display early prophase co-alignment but fail to synapse.

Restoring mitochondrial quantity and quality to reverse the Warburg effect and drive neuroblastoma differentiation.

Reduced mitochondrial quality and quantity in tumors is associated with dedifferentiation and increased malignancy. However, it remains unclear how to restore mitochondrial quantity and quality in tumors and whether mitochondrial restoration can drive tumor differentiation. Our study shows that restoring mitochondrial function using retinoic acid (RA) to boost mitochondrial biogenesis and a mitochondrial uncoupler to enhance respiration synergistically drives neuroblastoma differentiation and inhibits proliferation.

A Highly Contiguous Genome Assembly for the Wrentit (Chamaea Fasciata), the Sole Representative of the Babbler Radiation in the Americas.

The wrentit (Chamaea fasciata) is a chaparral and scrub specialist bird found from coastal Oregon to northern Baja California. We generated a draft reference assembly for the species using PacBio HiFi long read and Omni-C chromatin-proximity sequencing data as part of the California Conservation Genomics Project (CCGP). Sequenced reads were assembled into 1342 scaffolds totaling 1.

Updating the genomic and clinicopathologic features of thoracic SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumor: a mini-series including a long-term survivor.

Introduction: Thoracic SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumor (SMARCA4-dUT) is a recently described type of lung cancer, presenting as a bulky mass variably involving the mediastinum and the lung in patients with smoking history, and exhibits adverse prognosis. The essential diagnostic immunomorphologic features and typical genomic findings have been described. However, there is a continuing need to catalogue the spectrum of genomic changes underlying the disease, the heterogeneity of antigen expression in order to avoid diagnostic pitfalls, and any variability in patient outcomes.

Impact of Childhood Tonsillectomy on Adult Height-A Study of the UK Biobank.

Objectives: Previous studies have suggested a postoperative "catch-up growth" in children undergoing tonsillectomy. Given the tonsils' crucial role in early immune development, examining long-term effects is imperative. This study aims to investigate the impact of tonsillectomy in early life on adult height and height disparity.

A comprehensive measurement of hemophilia economic burden in Iraq: a field-based study.

Background: This study assessed the economic burden of hemophilia A, B, and A with inhibitors, including direct medical, non-medical, and indirect costs from both governmental and patient perspectives.

Research Design And Methods: A retrospective cost-of-illness analysis was conducted at a public hospital in Baghdad, Iraq serving hemophilia patients. Government costs were derived from medical records, while patient out-of-pocket expenses were gathered via interviews.

Characteristics, Trends, and Outcomes of Heart Donation After Circulatory Death: An Early Analysis of the United Network for Organ Sharing Database.

Heart transplantation (HTx) is greatly limited by organ shortage. To address this crisis, donation after circulatory death (DCD) is an emerging alternative to the traditional donation after brain death (DBD). Unfortunately, there is scarce data on HTx outcomes for this donation type, particularly within the United States; our investigation seeks to address this knowledge gap.

A multi-method assessment of the vascular surgery program director experience in creating effective training environments.

Objectives: Surgical training has received significant attention in recent years with efforts to improve trainee wellness. Vascular surgery training is subject to unique challenges, and vascular program directors (PDs) are tasked with providing learning environments that produce effective and competent surgeons. The aim of this study is to examine the experience of vascular surgery PDs in promoting effective learning environments for vascular trainees.

Testis expressed 50 is essential for maintaining sperm acrosome integrity during epididymal transit.

In mammals, sperm formation is completed in the seminiferous tubules within the testis, and sperm maturation occurs during the epididymal transit of the spermatozoa. Sperm morphology drastically changes when abnormal spermatozoa migrate from the testis to the epididymis. Detailed molecular mechanisms for sperm survival in the epididymis have not been determined yet.

Growth inhibition of by 5-chloro-indole-3-acetic acid.

The complex includes high-priority, multidrug-resistant pathogens for which novel antibiotics are urgently needed. Many bacterial strains from this complex harbor a so-called gene cluster that codes for the catabolism of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Here, we demonstrate that possession and expression of genes represent an Achilles' heel for species, which can be exploited to suppress bacterial growth by treatment with IAA and its analog 5-chloro-IAA.

Reactive aldehyde species-mediated neuropathic pain in spinal cord injury: Mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.

Spinal cord injury-related neuropathic pain is difficult to treat and significantly decreases quality of life. Often functionally limiting and refractory to conventional pharmacologic treatments, treating spinal cord injury-related neuropathic pain necessitates the exploration of novel mechanistic therapeutic strategies. Mounting preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that neurotoxic reactive aldehyde species such as acrolein, produced endogenously in high concentrations following spinal cord injury, are putative therapeutic targets in spinal cord injury-related neuropathic pain.

Computed Tomography for Preoperative Shoulder Arthroplasty Planning: Lifetime Malignancy Risk.

Background: Computed tomography (CT) is routinely used for preoperative planning in shoulder arthroplasty. However, this practice exposes patients to ionizing radiation. This study evaluates the potential lifetime cancer risks of conventional and low-dose shoulder CT protocols.

Assessment of the Mechanical Performance of an Affordable External Fixator (AEFIX) Designed for Resource-Limited Settings.

Background: Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are disproportionately affected by trauma, resulting in >5 million deaths annually. An essential treatment for musculoskeletal trauma is external fixation. However, in LMICs, current external fixator assemblies are unaffordable, costing patients upward of $5,000 (USD), leaving LMICs to rely on donations that fail to meet the needs of the patient population.

Mitohormesis and Regeneration: Natural Compounds Chlorogenic Acid (CGA) and Isovanillic Acid 3-O-sulfate (IVAS) Boost Muscle Cell Recovery in the Equine Athlete Model.

Skeletal muscle satellite cells ( SCs), essential for muscle regeneration, are a valuable model for studying exercise-induced stress relevant to human athletes. This study examined the effects of two natural compounds-chlorogenic acid (CGA) and isovanillic acid 3-O-sulfate (IVAS)-increasingly recognized as components of modern, nature-based recovery strategies. Their combination (Hybrid) was also tested on equine model of skeletal muscle satellite cells (ESCs) exposed to heat shock (40 °C, 1 h), mimicking exercise stress.