Prevalence and Depiction of Gender-Based Violence in Spanish-Language Television Series.

Latin American women, girls, and LGBTQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer) individuals experience high rates of violence, making Latin America one of the world's most affected regions for gender-based violence. Television, a powerful socialization tool, shapes attitudes and influences behavior. This study analyzes 50 episodes from nine Spanish-language TV series set in Latin America, finding that 90% of episodes depict gender-based violence.

Psychotic-like experiences in adolescents enriched for high-risk for developing severe mental illness: change over two-years and associations with neural reward processing and affective symptoms.

Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) -subclinical experiences or symptoms that resemble psychosis, such as hallucinations and delusional thoughts-often emerge during adolescence and are predictive of serious psychopathology. Understanding PLEs during adolescence is crucial due to co-occurring developmental changes in neural reward systems that heighten the risk for psychotic-related and affective psychopathology, especially in those with a family history of severe mental illness (SMI). We examined associations among PLEs, clinical symptoms, and neural reward function during this critical developmental period.

Effectiveness of Trauma-Informed Messaging Among Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence with Adverse Childhood Experience-Related Comorbidities.

Trauma-informed communication has shown promise in healthcare settings for supporting individuals affected by adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), yet its application in public health messaging remains underexplored. Given the strong link between ACEs and intimate partner violence victimization (IPVV), this study designed and tested a trauma-informed, text-based message aimed at promoting trauma understanding and positive behavioral intentions among women experiencing IPVV with self-reported ACEs. The message incorporated two core trauma-informed components-psychoeducation and empowerment-and was evaluated against a conventional IPVV message in a randomized controlled trial ( = 289).

Impact of intravenous iron or exogenous erythropoietin on hemoglobin mass, exercise performance, and acute mountain sickness during altitude acclimatization.

Chronic exposure to high altitude leads to increases in hemoglobin mass (Hbmass), which may improve exercise performance and decrease acute mountain sickness (AMS) symptoms. We evaluated the influence of intravenous iron or erythropoietin (EPO) treatment on Hbmass, exercise performance, and AMS during a 14-day exposure to 3094 m. Thirty-nine participants (12F) completed the study conducted in Eugene, Oregon (sea level (SL), 130 m) and Leadville, Colorado (3094 m).

Effects of light on chloroplast translation in Marchantia polymorpha are similar to those in angiosperms and are not influenced by light-independent chlorophyll synthesis.

Translation of the chloroplast psbA mRNA in angiosperms is activated by photodamage of its gene product, the D1 subunit of photosystem II (PSII), providing nascent D1 for PSII repair. The involvement of chlorophyll in the regulatory mechanism has been suggested due to the regulatory roles of proteins proposed to mediate chlorophyll/D1 transactions and the fact that chlorophyll is synthesized only in the light in angiosperms. We used ribosome profiling and RNA-seq to address whether the effects of light on chloroplast translation are conserved in the liverwort Marchantia (Marchantia polymorpha), which synthesizes chlorophyll in both the dark and the light.

Investigating a mental effort explanation of the generation effect using pupillometry.

The "generation effect" is a phenomenon whereby people have better memory for information that is self-generated compared to information that is passively read. Throughout the years many theories have been proposed to explain this effect, one of which is the "mental effort theory," which suggests that more mental effort is allocated to self-generated information, meaning that the act of generating information inherently requires more mental effort than processing existing information. In a series of four paired-associates memory experiments, pupillometry (an independent measure of effort) was used to investigate a mental effort explanation of the generation effect within-subjects, between-subjects, and in a third experiment, within-subjects while manipulating generation difficulty.

Maintenance of core temperature in SCUBA divers in cold water: contributions of anthropometrics, suit type, and sex.

Maintenance of core temperature (Tc) is vital for health and physiological function while SCUBA diving in cold water, but there is little research investigating the influence of anthropometrics, suit type, and sex on the rate of change in Tc during real-world diving conditions. We measured the rate of change in Tc (telemetric pill) and thermal sensation (Ts; Young questionnaire) in 62 participants (32 female) before and after non-decompression SCUBA dives using open circuit apparatus breathing air at varied depths and durations in cold water (~ 10 °C). Twenty-three participants wore drysuits (11F), and 39 participants wore wetsuits (21F).

Concurrent- not independent- M1 anodal and cerebellar cathodal tDCS enhances skill acquisition of a dexterous rhythmic-timing videogame.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that can alter the excitability of targeted brain regions and influence motor learning. For the first experiment, we studied the effects of several individual stimulation montages (2mA) on motor learning in a complex rhythm-timing video game task (n=79, M1 anodal tDCS [M1 a-tDCS], Cerebellar anodal tDCS [CB a-tDCS], Cerebellar cathodal tDCS [CB c-tDCS], and SHAM). Performance was assessed using a performance index (PI) incorporating keystroke timing accuracy, tap distribution ratio, and key error rate.

Improving cosmological reach of a gravitational wave observatory using Deep Loop Shaping.

Improved low-frequency sensitivity of gravitational wave observatories would unlock study of intermediate-mass black hole mergers and binary black hole eccentricity and provide early warnings for multimessenger observations of binary neutron star mergers. Today's mirror stabilization control injects harmful noise, constituting a major obstacle to sensitivity improvements. We eliminated this noise through Deep Loop Shaping, a reinforcement learning method using frequency domain rewards.

Prenatal Psychological Adjustment, Relationship Satisfaction, and Parental Reflective Functioning: An Examination of Actor and Partner Effects in the Context of Paternal Moderate to Heavy Drinking.

Objective: Parental reflective functioning (PRF) emerges during the prenatal period and helps fathers and mothers prepare for the transition to parenthood. Few studies have considered how PRF could support at-risk fathers and their partners across this transition. In a sample of moderate to heavy drinking fathers, an actor-partner interdependence mediation model (APIMeM) was used to examine concurrent indirect effects between prenatal psychological symptoms and paternal and maternal PRF through interparental relationship satisfaction while accounting for the interdependence among father-mother dyads.

Impact of State-Level Physical Education Policies on PE Access in the United States: A Comparative Analysis of Policy Implementation and Weekly PE Minutes.

Background: State policies play a key role in the provision of physical education (PE) opportunities at the district and school level.

Methods: An analysis was conducted on how states in the United States with various PE policies differ in terms of PE access as a measure of policy implementation. PE access for students was reported by 3306 K-5th grade PE teachers across all 51 states.

Content Validation of the Communication Inventory Disability-Observer Reported (CID-OR).

CDKL5 deficiency disorder is a rare and severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy that has profound effects on communication. It is essential that communication be measured accurately for upcoming gene therapy trials. The Communication Inventory Disability-Observer Reported (CID-OR) was developed from a framework of communication derived from parent/caregiver interview data (n = 23), in consultation with disability and communication experts, and after reviewing concepts in existing measures.

Closed-form expressions for the directions of maximum modulation depth in temporal interference electrical brain stimulation.

Objective: In temporal interference (TI) transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), an emerging brain stimulation technique, the interference of two high-frequency currents with a small frequency difference is used to target specific brain regions with better focality than in standard tES. While the magnitude of the modulation depth has been previously investigated, an explicit formula for the direction in which this modulation is maximized has been lacking. This work provides a novel closed-form analytical expression for the orientation of maximum modulation depth in TI tES.

The COVID-19 global pandemic and allostatic load among a cohort of Black and Latina transgender women living with HIV.

This exploratory study investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on stress biomarkers and allostatic load for Black and Latina transgender women living with HIV (BLTWLH), as well as COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and vaccination status. LITE Plus is a longitudinal cohort study of BLTWLH designed to identify pathways linking biopsychosocial stress to HIV co-morbidities. Participants were enrolled between October 2019-June 2022.

Prior Novelty Invigorates Future Mesolimbic Target Detection.

The ability to adapt to a dynamic world relies on detecting, learning, and responding to environmental changes. The detection of novelty serves as a critical indicator of such changes, priming mechanisms to detect and respond to goal-relevant information. However, neural regions that support novelty detection (hippocampus) and goal-directed behavior (dopaminergic midbrain [VTA] and prefrontal cortex [PFC]) have yet to be described as a sequential process that unfolds over time.

Caregiver-Implemented AAC Interventions for Children with Intellectual or Developmental Disabilities: a Systematic Review.

Many children with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities benefit from augmentative and alternative communication strategies (AAC) to increase their communicative competency. Furthermore, caregiver-implemented AAC interventions are an effective and efficient strategy to improve communication outcomes. We reviewed the caregiver-implemented AAC intervention literature to assess child and caregiver characteristics, what kind of interventions caregivers were taught, how caregivers were trained, and how studies evaluated caregiver implementation.

Improving Policy Evaluations Of The Opioid Crisis.

With fatal opioid overdoses rising steadily between 1999 and 2022, researchers have tried to identify effective policy approaches that can stem the tide and mitigate associated harms. However, policy evaluations intended to inform policy choices may muddy the waters, particularly when they generate inconsistent findings. In this article, we discuss a unifying framework and language for presenting analyses using quasi-experimental methods evaluating opioid policies to facilitate greater understanding of similarities and differences across studies.

Gene expression variation across genetically identical individuals predicts reproductive traits.

In recent decades, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been the major approach to understand the biological basis of individual differences in traits and diseases. However, GWAS approaches have limited predictive power to explain individual differences, particularly for complex traits and diseases in which environmental factors play a substantial role in their etiology. Indeed, individual differences persist even in genetically identical individuals, although fully separating genetic and environmental causation is difficult in most organisms.

Post-adoption perinatal grief and parenting future children in the home: The moderating roles of social support and parental substance use.

Objective: The aim of this study was twofold: (a) to examine the impact of birth mother's post-adoption perinatal grief - stemming from ambiguous loss - on their perceptions of their parenting years later and the relationship quality they have with the children who they raise; and (b) to evaluate the potential contribution that social support and substance use severity play in moderating the impact of post-adoption perinatal grief.

Design: We applied an adoption design that consisted of a sample of birth mothers ( = 53) who placed one child for adoption at birth and parented another child in their home following the voluntary adoption placement of the adoptee. At 3-6 months postpartum of the adopted child, we measured birth mother's post-adoption perinatal grief, substance use severity, and level of social support received by their friends, family, and community.

The Criticality of Consciousness: Excitatory-Inhibitory Balance and Dual Memory Systems in Active Inference.

The organization of consciousness is described through increasingly rich theoretical models. We review evidence that working memory capacity-essential to generating consciousness in the cerebral cortex-is supported by dual limbic memory systems. These dorsal (Papez) and ventral (Yakovlev) limbic networks provide the basis for mnemonic processing and prediction in the dorsal and ventral divisions of the human neocortex.

Genetic susceptibility to depressive symptoms in middle-aged to older Americans: time-varying effects and effect modification by early psychosocial factors.

Purpose: We examined age-varying genetic influences on depression across young adulthood to older adulthood and the moderating role of early psychosocial factors.

Methods: Data are from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) with 6,977 European Americans (57% women) from 2006 to 2016 (M age 62.4 ± 14.

Litter Decomposition in Pacific Northwest Prairies Depends on Fire, with Differential Responses of Saprotrophic and Pyrophilous Fungi.

Fungi contribute to ecosystem function through nutrient cycling and decomposition but may be affected by major disturbances such as fire. Some ecosystems are fire-adapted, such as prairies which require cyclical burning to mitigate woody plant encroachment and reduce litter. While fire suppresses fire-sensitive fungi, pyrophilous fungi may continue providing ecosystem functions.

Mindful Movement Programs in Community and University Preschools: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Chronic stress and emotional and cognitive regulation difficulties during early childhood are associated with risky behaviors and negative outcomes later in life. As preschoolers are at a developmental stage where their emotional and cognitive regulation skills are still emerging, they often rely on external support to manage their emotions and behaviors. Intervening early promotes healthy development and preventing adverse outcomes.

Quantitative Genetics of Microbiome Mediated Traits.

Multicellular organisms host a rich assemblage of associated microorganisms, collectively known as their "microbiomes". Microbiomes have the capacity to influence their hosts' fitnesses, but the conditions under which such influences contribute to evolution are not clear. This is due in part to a lack of a comprehensive theoretical framework for describing the combined effects of host and associated microbes on phenotypic variation.