Impact of State-Level Physical Education Policies on PE Access in the United States: A Comparative Analysis of Policy Implementation and Weekly PE Minutes.

Background: State policies play a key role in the provision of physical education (PE) opportunities at the district and school level.

Methods: An analysis was conducted on how states in the United States with various PE policies differ in terms of PE access as a measure of policy implementation. PE access for students was reported by 3306 K-5th grade PE teachers across all 51 states.

The National Physical Activity Plan Early Childhood Education Strategy: State Policy Surveillance.

The importance of establishing national surveillance systems to monitor physical activity promotion is well recognized. This article outlines the methodological process undertaken to develop an evaluation rubric for assessing state licensing regulations alignment with the National Physical Activity Plan Education Sector Early Childhood Education (ECE) strategy. This tool offers a cost-effective mechanism for ongoing surveillance of ECE physical activity policies, with the potential to inform modifications that promote uniform standards and establish consistent, high-quality opportunities for the nation's youngest children.

State Lawmaker's Views on Childhood Obesity and Related School Wellness Legislation.

Background: School wellness legislation has potential to impact the health of children and alter the obesity crisis in the United Sates. Little is known about how state lawmakers perceive child wellness legislation effectiveness relative to obesity prevention. Our purpose was to understand state lawmakers' perceptions of childhood obesity and school wellness policies relative to the Social Ecological Model (SEM).

Health-Related Fitness Content Knowledge, Physical Activity, and Instructional Practices Among U.S. Physical Educators.

To promote student , physical educators must teach and assess health-related fitness content knowledge (HRFK) and model healthy lifestyles. Individual HRFK is associated with lifetime physical activity (PA) and each may precede/predict both teaching and assessing of student HRFK. : The purpose of this study was to examine factors related to physical educators' teaching and assessment of student HRFK.

What's Physical Activity Got to Do With It? Social Trends in Less Active Students at Recess.

Background: Public health concerns regarding childhood obesity and sedentary behavior make investigations of children's physical activity (PA) promotion crucial. School recess, a highly discretional time, plays a central role in shaping children's activity preferences.

Methods: Participants included 40 children (30 girls, 10 boys) from fourth and fifth grades, categorized as low active during recess (<26% moderate-to-vigorous PA [MVPA]).

Understanding Teacher Change: A National Survey of U.S. Physical Educators.

Unlabelled: Physical education is critical to addressing childhood obesity, yet many school-based programs do not meet established quality standards and teachers are called upon to change. Little is known about how change is initiated and its associated internal and external factors.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate physical education teacher change that was self-initiated and externally initiated and to examine dispositions toward the change process relative to initiation.

Association of School-Based Physical Activity Opportunities, Socioeconomic Status, and Third-Grade Reading.

Background: Socioeconomic status (SES) is the most accurate predictor of academic performance in US schools. Third-grade reading is highly predictive of high school graduation. Chronic physical activity (PA) is shown to improve cognition and academic performance.

Effects of β-alanine supplementation on performance and body composition in collegiate wrestlers and football players.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of β-alanine as an ergogenic aid in tests of anaerobic power output after 8 weeks of high-intensity interval, repeated sprint, and resistance training in previously trained collegiate wrestlers (WR) and football (FB) players. Twenty-two college WRs (19.9 ± 1.