Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum, 1792) life history influences how diagnostic cranial structures relate to fish length.

Diagnostic bones can aid in identification and size determination of fishes from ingested prey, archaeological remains or damaged specimens. We extracted diagnostic structures, including cleithra, dentaries, opercles and otoliths, from juvenile spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from three distinct groups: hatchery, naturally produced and surrogate, representing shared genetics. Although our observations highlight that growth and life history are important considerations in structuring allometry, we note that a wide variety of diagnostic bones and measurement axes may be suitable for determining body lengths where remains may be damaged or incomplete.

Bimetallic FeNi-ZSM-5-catalyzed pyrolysis of photovoltaic waste: Selective and high-yield aromatic valorization for circular resource recovery.

Catalytic pyrolysis, an efficient thermochemical process, offers a promising pathway to valorize thermoset photovoltaic backsheets (TPV) into high-value chemicals. This study investigates the ex situ catalytic pyrolysis of TPV using two acidic catalysts, ZSM-5 and FeNi-ZSM-5, under varied operational conditions, with a focus on product distribution and process efficiency. The catalytic intervention significantly enhanced pyrolysis performance.

Feeding by Broom and Brush: A Unique Prey-Capture Organ in Flagellophora apelti (Nemertodermatida).

In live specimens of the nemertodermatidan Flagellophora apelti Faubel and Dörjes, 1978, a peculiar organ looking like a fascicle of bristles-and so called a broom organ by its discoverer-occupies the front third or so of the body. The animal can extrude the organ to splay the bristles in a fan-like array, each bristle having an adhesive tip. Described first by light histology as a bundle of flagella, this organ can be seen by transmission electron microscopy to be actually a bundle of exceedingly long necks of glands.

Using eDNA tools to examine the impact of kelp farming on underlying sediments.

Using environmental DNA (eDNA)-based tools, we examined sediments underlying a ~ 1.25 hectare commercial kelp farm in the Gulf of Maine growing sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) for two farming seasons, post-harvest. Two eDNA methods were used: a newly designed S.

What Is Clinical Empathy in Anesthesiology? Perspectives From Practicing Anesthesiologists.

Background: To train and encourage providers to be more empathic, it is crucial to first understand what behaviors providers consider acts of empathy in clinical practice. Research has asked this important question of patients and certain physician specialties, but has left out a unique physician population-anesthesiologists. Given the link between patients' preoperative anxiety and poorer postoperative outcomes, anesthesiologists' ability to address patients' needs effectively, particularly during shorter interactions with new patients, may impact patient outcomes.

Vertebrate Community Responses to Livestock Grazing in an Ancient Mediterranean Rangeland System: Rethinking the Role of Grazing in a Biodiversity Hotspot.

Mediterranean ecosystems have been grazed by livestock for thousands of years. While considered both a major anthropogenic stressor and a potential habitat conservation tool, the effects of livestock grazing on vertebrate populations remain poorly understood. Our study focused on goat and sheep grazing on a large island off the coast of Greece in order to shed light on (1) the nature of the relationship between livestock grazing and vertebrate assemblages, and (2) the mediating mechanisms.

The lab-field continuum in conservation physiology research: leveraging multiple approaches to inform policy and practice.

In the field of conservation physiology, there is often a trade off between conducting research in controlled laboratory settings or in inherently variable field environments. However, this belief sets up a false dichotomy where laboratory experiments are perceived as providing precise, mechanistic understanding with low variability at the cost of environmental realism while field studies are ecologically relevant but criticized for generating inconsistent evidence that is difficult to interpret and replicate. Despite the perceived binary view, these approaches are not in opposition to one another, but rather form a continuum along increasing ecological complexity.

Sequence Analysis and Modeling of the Repetitive Region of the Long Isoform of Clarinet/CLA-1.

The active zone gene encodes three main isoforms. The long isoform, CLA-1 L, functions beyond regulating synaptic vesicle exocytosis, including synaptic vesicle clustering and endocytic sorting of a transmembrane autophagy protein. CLA-1 L contains a large N-terminal repetitive region.

Paclitaxel neurotoxicity is triggered by epidermal EG5-dependent microtubule fasciculation and X-ROS formation.

Taxanes are frontline chemotherapeutics that stabilize microtubules, induce mitotic arrest, and drive tumor remission. However, their off-target effects in healthy tissues, most notably cutaneous axon degeneration underlying chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), remain poorly understood. Here, we show that paclitaxel induces microtubule fasciculation in epidermal keratinocytes through the mitotic kinesin Eg5, thereby initiating CIPN.

Which Plant Traits Increase Soil Carbon Sequestration? Empirical Evidence From a Long-Term Poplar Genetic Diversity Trial.

Plants play a key role in mediating soil response to global change, and breeding or engineering crops to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) storage is a potential route to land-based carbon dioxide removal in agricultural systems. However, due to limited observational datasets plus shifting paradigms of SOC stabilization, it is unclear which plant traits are most important for enhancing different types of soil organic matter. Existing long-term common gardens of genetically diverse plant populations may provide an opportunity to evaluate biological controls on SOC, separate from environmental or management variability.

Stigma intersectionality and its impact on an epilepsy stigma self-management program.

Introduction: Perceived stigma is a common and distressing experience among people with epilepsy (PWE), particularly those with additional marginalized identities. Our team developed RISE ABOVE, a self-paced online stigma self-management program, to reduce stigma-related distress. This secondary analysis of pilot data examined how intersecting stigmas (i.

Human myocardial-derived highly proliferative cells improve cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction in mice.

Human highly proliferative cells (hHiPCs) isolated from the adult heart have progenitor and angiogenic properties. However, the mechanisms underlying hHiPCs in myocardial repair in vivo have yet to be investigated. We characterized the hHiPC proteome and secretome and found that hHiPCs express and secrete proangiogenic and proreparative proteins, including CXCL6, CTHRC1, and CD73, and are ontologically enriched in pathways related to cytokine signaling and glucose metabolism.

Oral Health Education and Training Needs Among Caregivers of Older Adults: Insights From the MOTIVATE at Home Program.

Background: The impacts of poor oral health on overall health are significant for community-dwelling older adults, particularly those needing daily care support. Oral health literacy remains low overall and the myth that poor oral health is a normal part of aging persists. There is a scarcity of educational programming to equip caregivers with the skills to maintain good oral health for their older care recipients.

Septin Organization is Regulated by the Gpa1 Ubiquitination Domain and Endocytic Machinery During the Yeast Pheromone Response.

detect and respond to mating pheromone using a G-Protein Coupled Receptor signaling pathway to initiate polarized growth toward mating partners. Septins form structures at the base of the mating projection to control morphogenesis in a manner that is dependent upon desensitization of the large G-protein Gpa1. We sought to identify the pathway through which Gpa1 regulates septin organization using gene deletions in the presence of a hyperactive Gpa1 mutant, live cell imaging, and computational approaches.

Does Home and Wild Food Procurement Enhance Food Security in High-Income Countries?

Purpose Of Review: Many people in high-income countries obtain considerable portions of their diets from gardening, hunting, fishing, foraging, and raising animals. Yet food security research in these countries has focused on the roles of commercial and charitable food systems, ignoring non-market food self-provisioning. This review brings together existing evidence to build a holistic understanding of how home and wild food procurement (HWFP) interacts with various dimensions of food security in high-income societies.

Using computational fluid dynamics to assess trait functions of life at low Reynolds numbers.

We applied computational fluid dynamic simulations to three-dimensional (3D) computer models of diatoms to assess the effect of trait functions on niche space without the confounding influence of correlated traits. Sinking behavior of phytoplankton was assessed via computer-simulated experiments to test the physics of life at low Reynolds numbers. Specifically, 3D models of Stephanodiscus niagarae were constructed across the middle of the species size range and were placed in simulations to assess variance in the sinking and acceleration rates of the cells.

Crystal structure and ligand binding of a sigma-class glutathione S-transferase associated with cross-resistance in a specialist herbivore.

Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying insect adaptation is critical for elucidating the evolution of pesticide resistance and improving pest management strategies. While host plant preadaptation has been proposed to facilitate insecticide resistance, direct evidence remains limited. Here, we investigated a sigma-class glutathione S-transferase (GST), LdGSTs2, in the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata), a major agricultural pest.

Simple Alternative Approach to the Molybdenum Blue Method for Quantification and Speciation of Phosphate and Arsenate in Freshwater.

The Molybdenum Blue Method (MBM) is the standard visible spectroscopic approach for the detection of phosphate in water. A major drawback of the MBM is that arsenate also reacts with the molybdate ion to produce the same peak in the visible spectrum. We describe an alternative infrared (IR) spectroscopic-based approach to the MBM that enables both speciation and quantification of phosphate and arsenate spectroscopically from their respective bands at 960 and 785 cm.

Importance of phenomena expected to modify population trends of a threatened saltmarsh breeding bird community.

Salt marshes in the northeastern United States support several specialized breeding bird species that are threatened by sea level rise (SLR) and coastal development, processes that drive habitat change and fragmentation. There have been rapid, widespread declines in some species, but mechanisms driving population change and whether declines continue remain unclear. We examined the influence of phenomena expected to modify salt marshes, including SLR, sediment delivery rates, and land use, on the population trajectories of saltmarsh breeding birds.

Microwave Heating of Superparamagnetic Iron-Oxide Nanoparticles Toward Environmental Hyperthermia-Based Applications.

This article reports the effect of spherical particle size (4-30 nm) on magnetic properties and microwave (MW) reactivity of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) toward environmental hyperthermia-based applications. For this, silica-coated, single domain iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs@silica) were precisely synthesized via thermal decomposition and subsequently coated by a reverse microemulsion. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of spherical, monodisperse, single continuous layer silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles.

Layer-By-Layer Approach for Obtaining Highly Oriented Kaolin Platelets on Surfaces.

The low cost and high aspect ratio of kaolin has garnered attention toward its application as an oxygen barrier coating. The challenge associated with achieving oxygen barrier properties is, however, obtaining aligned kaolin platelets. We report a simple layer-by-layer (LBL) approach for obtaining highly oriented kaolin films on glass, silicon, and 304 steel substrates.

Coupled effects of forest growth and climate change on small mammal abundance and body weight: Results of a 39-year field study.

In rapidly changing environments, the combined effects of climate change and forest stand changes-such as growth or regeneration-are altering the availability of resources, particularly in systems with pulsed resources like seed-masting. These environmental shifts can have cascading impacts on animal populations, ultimately reshaping ecosystem structure and function. However, relevant studies are rare as they require long-term monitoring of both seed supply and animal populations.

Ultrafast elastocapillary fans control agile maneuvering in ripple bugs and robots.

ripple bugs use specialized middle-leg fans with a flat-ribbon architecture to navigate the surfaces of fast-moving streams. We show that the fan's directional stiffness enables fast, passive elastocapillary morphing, independent of muscle input. This flat-ribbon fan balances collapsibility during leg recovery with rigidity during drag-based propulsion, enabling full-body 96° turns in 50 milliseconds, with forward speeds of up to 120 body lengths per second-on par with fruit fly saccades in air.

Bulliform Cell-Induced Leaf Curling Contributes to Water Loss and Water Potential Regulation of Bamboos During Dry Season.

A balanced water supply and demand is critical for plant growth and survival. Despite the ecological importance of bamboos in tropical ecosystems, the water regulation mechanisms across bamboo species remain poorly understood. This study quantified the relative contributions of soil water-uptake depth, leaf water storage and retention capacity, and related anatomical traits to daytime and seasonal variations in leaf water potential across nine co-occurring bamboo species.