Bimetallic FeNi-ZSM-5-catalyzed pyrolysis of photovoltaic waste: Selective and high-yield aromatic valorization for circular resource recovery.

Catalytic pyrolysis, an efficient thermochemical process, offers a promising pathway to valorize thermoset photovoltaic backsheets (TPV) into high-value chemicals. This study investigates the ex situ catalytic pyrolysis of TPV using two acidic catalysts, ZSM-5 and FeNi-ZSM-5, under varied operational conditions, with a focus on product distribution and process efficiency. The catalytic intervention significantly enhanced pyrolysis performance.

Red mud modified biochar for peracetic acid activation to degrade sulfamethazine: A non-radical-dominated mechanism.

The ecological risks posed by over 3.5 billion tons of accumulated red mud, together with antibiotic contamination in aquatic environments, present pressing environmental challenges. In this study, an iron-based biochar (RMgt800) was synthesized via co-pyrolysis of red mud and tea residue, following a "waste control by waste" strategy, and was applied for the first time to activate peracetic acid (PAA) for the efficient degradation of sulfamethazine (SMZ).

Synergistic atmospheric influence on the co-pyrolysis of antibiotic sludge and waste bicycle tires: Optimal drivers, products, and pathways.

Effective management of antibiotic sludge (AS) is essential for disease prevention. This study investigated the co-pyrolysis of AS with polyurethane (PU) and rubber tires (RT), focusing on its key drivers, synergies, resulting products, and atmospheric (N versus CO) dependency. Composite pyrolysis index indicated superior co-pyrolysis properties of AS with PU or RT in the CO atmosphere compared with those in the N atmosphere.

Atmosphere-dependent combustion of Ganoderma lucidum biomass toward its enhanced transformability into green energy.

Globally, the circular efficiency of biomass resources has become a priority due to the depletion and negative environmental impacts of fossil fuels. This study aimed to quantify the atmosphere-dependent combustion of Ganoderma lucidum (GL) biomass and its thermodynamic and kinetic parameters toward enhancing its circularity and transformability characteristics. The GL combustion occurred in the three stages of moisture removal, volatile release, and coke combustion.

Microplastics as emerging contaminants in textile dyeing sludge: Their impacts on co-combustion/pyrolysis products, residual metals, and temperature dependency of emissions.

As emerging contaminants in textile dyeing sludge (TDS), the presence and types of microplastics (MPs) inevitably influence the combustion and pyrolysis of TDS. Their effects on the co-combustion/pyrolysis emissions and residual metals of TDS remain poorly understood. This study aimed to quantify the impacts of polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) on the transports and transformations of gaseous emissions and residual metals generated during the TDS combustion and pyrolysis in the air, oxy-fuel, and nitrogen atmospheres.

Energetic, bio-oil, biochar, and ash performances of co-pyrolysis-gasification of textile dyeing sludge and Chinese medicine residues in response to KCO, atmosphere type, blend ratio, and temperature.

Hazardous waste stream needs to be managed so as not to exceed stock- and rate-limited properties of its recipient ecosystems. The co-pyrolysis of Chinese medicine residue (CMR) and textile dyeing sludge (TDS) and its bio-oil, biochar, and ash quality and quantity were characterized as a function of the immersion of KCO, atmosphere type, blend ratio, and temperature. Compared to the mono-pyrolysis of TDS, its co-pyrolysis performance with CMR (the comprehensive performance index (CPI)) significantly improved by 33.

Recovery of lead and chlorine via thermal co-treatment of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash and lead-rich waste cathode-ray tubes: Analysis of chlorination volatilization mechanism.

In this study, a new lead (Pb) and chlorine (Cl) recovery process via the thermal co-treatment of Municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration fly ash (FA) and waste cathode-ray tubes (CRT) was developed and the synergistic effects under different CRT ratios, temperatures, and residence times were comprehensively investigated. Thermogravimetric experiments revealed that the co-processing of FA and CRT exhibited a remarkable synergistic effect as evidenced by the considerable increase in mass loss and mass-loss rate when compared with the theoretical values. When the mixtures with 50% CRT addition was treated at 1200 °C for 60 min, Pb removal rate reached the maximum value of 98.

Actionable insights into hazard mitigation of typical 3D printing waste via pyrolysis.

3D printing waste (3DPW) contains hazardous substances, such as photosensitizers and pigments, and may cause environmental pollution when improperly disposed of. Pyrolysis treatment can reduce hazards and turn waste into useful resources. This study coupled thermogravimetric (TG), TG-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and rapid pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis to evaluate the pyrolytic reaction mechanisms, products, and possible decomposition pathways of the three typical 3DPW of photosensitive resin waste (PRW), polyamide waste (PAW), and polycaprolactone waste (PCLW).

Enhanced arsenic(III) sequestration via sulfidated zero-valent iron in aerobic conditions: Adsorption and oxidation coupling processes.

Sulfidated zero-valent iron (S-ZVI) has shown significant potential for the removal of arsenic(III). However, little attention has been paid to the mechanism of As(III) sequestration enhancement and how the phase transformation for S-ZVI strengthens this process in aerobic conditions. In this work, sulfidated ZVI was created by ball-milling (S-ZVI) and liquid-mixing (S-ZVI) of ZVI with elemental sulfur(S) to investigate the performance and mechanisms of As(III) sequestration in air-saturated water.

Development of a loose powder sintering method for the preparation of porous ceramic from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash.

Loose powder sintering was used to prepare porous ceramic from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI FA) and waste glass (WG). Sintering experiments at various temperatures, holding times, AlO and SiC were conducted to investigate their effect on the ceramic properties and volatile heavy metal removal efficiency. The results show that increasing temperature from 1100 °C to 1250 °C promoted the transition of the mixtures from loose powder to a densified sintered matrix, with a bulk density increase of 31.

Optimizing co-combustion synergy of soil remediation biomass and pulverized coal toward energetic and gas-to-ash pollution controls.

The co-combustion synergy of post-phytoremediation biomass may be optimized to cultivate a variety of benefits from reducing dependence on fossil fuels to stabilizing heavy metals in a small quantity of ash. This study characterized the thermo-kinetic parameters, gas-to-ash products, and energetically and environmentally optimal conditions for the co-combustions of aboveground (PG-A) and belowground (PG-B) biomass of Pfaffia glomerata (PG) with pulverized coal (PC). The mono-combustions of PG-A and PG-B involved the decompositions of cellulose and hemicellulose in the range of 162-400 °C and of lignin in the range of 400-600 °C.

Dynamic pyrolytic reaction mechanisms, pathways, and products of medical masks and infusion tubes.

Given the COVID-19 epidemic, the quantity of hazardous medical wastes has risen unprecedentedly. This study characterized and verified the pyrolysis mechanisms and volatiles products of medical mask belts (MB), mask faces (MF), and infusion tubes (IT) via thermogravimetric, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses. Iso-conversional methods were employed to estimate activation energy, while the best-fit artificial neural network was adopted for the multi-objective optimization.

Performance and mechanism of bamboo residues pyrolysis: Gas emissions, by-products, and reaction kinetics.

The performances and reaction kinetics of the bamboo shoot leaves (BSL) pyrolysis were characterized integrating thermogravimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses. The high volatiles and low ash, N, and S contents of BSL rendered its pyrolysis suitable for bio-oil generation. The main mass loss of BSL pyrolysis occurred in the devolatilization stage between 200 and 550 °C.

Bottom slag-to-flue gas controls on S and Cl from co-combustion of textile dyeing sludge and waste biochar: Their interactions with temperature, atmosphere, and blend ratio.

S and Cl distribution patterns and their evolution pathways were quantified during the co-combustions of textile dyeing sludge (TDS) and waste biochar (BC). S in the flue gas rose from 10.60% at 700 °C to 45.

Oxy-fuel co-combustion dynamics of phytoremediation biomass and textile dyeing sludge: Gas-to-ash pollution abatement.

The environmental pressures of major wastes in the circular economies can be abated leveraging the complementarity and optimal conditions of their co-combustion. The oxy-fuel co-combustion of phytoremediation biomass of Sedum alfredii Hance (SAH) and textile dyeing sludge (TDS) may be a promising choice for sustainable CO capture and a waste-to-energy conversion. This study characterized and quantified their co-combustion performances, kinetics, and interactions as a function of blend ratio, atmosphere type, and temperature.

Efficiency, by-product valorization, and pollution control of co-pyrolysis of textile dyeing sludge and waste solid adsorbents: Their atmosphere, temperature, and blend ratio dependencies.

This study aimed to quantify the co-pyrolytic synergistic effects of textile dyeing sludge (TDS) and waste biochar (WBC) for an optimal utilization of secondary resources and to mitigate environmental pollution and waste volume. TDS and WBC had a strong synergistic effect between 800 and 900 °C in the CO-assisted atmosphere. With the increased TDS fraction, NH emission fell significantly regardless of the atmosphere type.

Co-combustion, life-cycle circularity, and artificial intelligence-based multi-objective optimization of two plastics and textile dyeing sludge.

Given the globally abundant availability of waste plastics and the negative environmental impacts of textile dyeing sludge (TDS), their co-combustion can effectively enhance the circular economies, energy recovery, and environmental pollution control. The (co-)combustion performances, gas emissions, and ashes of TDS and two plastics of polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) were quantified and characterized. The increased blend ratio of PP and PE improved the ignition, burnout, and comprehensive combustion indices.

Torrefaction, temperature, and heating rate dependencies of pyrolysis of coffee grounds: Its performances, bio-oils, and emissions.

The torrefaction pretreatment is of great significance to the efficient conversion of biomass residues into bioenergy. In this study, the effects of the three torrefaction temperatures (200, 250, and 300 °C) on the pyrolysis performance and products of coffee grounds (CG) were quantified. The torrefaction treatment increased the initial devolatilization and maximum peak temperatures of the CG pyrolysis.

Thermal behaviors, combustion mechanisms, evolved gasses, and ash analysis of spent potlining for a hazardous waste management.

An unavoidable but reusable waste so as to enhance a more circular waste utilization has been spent potlining (SPL) generated by the aluminum industry. The combustion mechanisms, evolved gasses, and ash properties of SPL were characterized dynamically in response to the elevated temperature and heating rates. Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) results indicated an exothermic reaction behavior probably able to meet the energy needs of various industrial applications.

Co-pyrolysis performances, synergistic mechanisms, and products of textile dyeing sludge and medical plastic wastes.

This study aimed to quantify the co-pyrolysis of textile dyeing sludge (TDS) and the two medical plastic wastes of syringes (SY) and medical bottles (MB) in terms of their performances, synergistic mechanisms, and products. The pyrolysis of polyolefin plastics with its high calorific value and low ash content can offset the poor mono-pyrolytic performance of TDS. The synergistic mechanisms occurred mainly in the range of 400-550 °C.

Emission-to-ash detoxification mechanisms of co-combustion of spent pot lining and pulverized coal.

In response to the global initiative for greenhouse gas emission reduction, the co-combustion of coal and spent pot lining (SPL) may cost-effectively minimize waste streams and environmental risks. This study aimed to quantify the emission-to-ash detoxification mechanisms of the co-combustion of SPL and pulverized coal (PC) and their kinetics, gas emission, fluorine-leaching toxicity, mineral phases, and migrations. The main reaction covered the ranges of 335-540 °C and 540-870 °C while the interactions occurred at 360-780 °C.

Ash-to-emission pollution controls on co-combustion of textile dyeing sludge and waste tea.

Given the globally increased waste stream of textile dyeing sludge (TDS), its co-combustion with agricultural residues appears as an environmentally and economically viable solution in a circular economy. This study aimed to quantify the migrations and chemical speciations of heavy metals in the bottom ashes and gas emissions of the co-combustion of TDS and waste tea (WT). The addition of WT increased the fixation rate of As from 66.

Multiple drivers, interaction effects, and trade-offs of efficient and cleaner combustion of torrefied water hyacinth.

Developing cleaner and affordable alternatives to the sole reliance on fossil fuels has intensified efforts to improve the thermochemical conversion property of the second-generation lignocellulosic biomass. This study aimed to explore the effects of the two torrefaction temperatures (200 and 300 °C), the two reaction atmospheres (N/O and CO/O), and the three heating rates (5, 10, and 15 °C/min) on the combustion regime of water hyacinth (WH). Decomposition behaviors, reaction kinetics, thermodynamics, and mechanisms, evolved emissions and functional groups, and fuel microstructure properties were quantified.

Conversion of rice husk into fermentable sugar and silica using acid-catalyzed ionic liquid pretreatment.

Rice husk is a bulky byproduct with a high silica content from rice milling. In this study, the application of an acid-catalyzed ionic liquid (IL) pretreatment was studied for processing rice husks with a rugged structure. The pretreatment conditions were 130°C for 30 min with 1.