Comprehensive genomic insights into isolated from the faecal sample of a tuberculosis patient in India.

, formerly known as , is a motile Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterium with coccoid rod morphology. Although previously considered non-pathogenic, emerging case studies indicate its potential role in causing serious infections, including bacteraemia, meningitis, sepsis, and implant-associated infections. This study presents the first whole-genome sequence of of Indian origin, isolated from the stool sample of a tuberculosis patient undergoing treatment.

Carbamate Prodrugs Restrict Metabolism and Improve the Pharmacokinetics of Isoniazid.

Isoniazid (INH), an important first-line drug in tuberculosis (TB) treatment, faces significant challenges primarily due to hepatotoxicity and peripheral neuropathy as major side effects. These adverse effects often lead to poor patient compliance and treatment dropouts. The INH's metabolism is responsible for these adverse effects.

Network controllability analysis reveals the antiviral potential of Etravirine against hepatitis E virus infection.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of acute viral hepatitis in lower- and middle-income countries. HEV infection may lead to acute liver failure, chronic liver disease, and high mortality in pregnant women. Antiviral therapy is not a standard treatment for HEV patients.

Identification of altered metabolites in Rheumatic Heart Disease patients with atrial fibrillation and normal sinus rhythm using untargeted LC-MS metabolomics.

Introduction & Objective: Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) is the commonest cause of atrial fibrillation (AF) in India with higher prevalence in younger population. The clinical significance of the differential metabolites in RHD patients with AF is unknown. This is a tertiary hospital-based study aimed to discover the metabolites associated with AF and normal sinus rhythm (NSR) in RHD patients using untargeted LCMS approach.

Biomarker discovery in NAFLD: insights from metabolomics and vote counting meta-analysis.

Background: Despite its prevalence and the significance of early diagnosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), one of the most prevalent liver diseases globally and frequently linked to elements of metabolic syndrome, lacks robustly validated biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and tracking of disease progression in response to a particular treatment.

Objective: The aim of this study was to catalogue the metabolites from metabolomics data reported by different studies till date, and to find few majorly dysregulated metabolites that can potentially be used as progressive biomarkers of NAFLD in future.

Methods: The clinical data published during last 13 years was investigated and further curated from established databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE and PUBMED on NAFLD.

Investigating the molecular transmission dynamics of in antibiotic-selective environments.

Carbapenem resistance mediated by -encoded metallo-beta-lactamases is often linked to IS, an insertion sequence from the IS family, which is widely distributed among critical and high-priority bacterial pathogens. The rapid dissemination of IS-linked in both nosocomial and community-acquired infections presents a serious challenge to healthcare systems and pharmaceutical industries. Despite the urgency of this issue, the factors driving spread and the molecular mechanisms governing IS mobility remain poorly understood.

Functional flexibility of a type III polyketide synthase in .

Type III polyketide synthases (T3PKSs) exhibit remarkable potential to biosynthesize a wide array of architecturally distinct and functionally important metabolites. Genes for T3PKSs widely occur in pathogenic mycobacterial genomes, with no information about their physiological significance in pathogenesis. Here, we describe the biological importance of MMAR_2190, a (Mmar) T3PKS, with orthologs in limited pathogenic mycobacterial species.

Testosterone Suppresses IL-17 Expression by Targeting RORγt Functions.

Th17 cells play a crucial role in autoimmune disease pathogenesis. However, the mechanisms behind the sex differences in immune responses, particularly women's higher susceptibility to autoimmune diseases, remain unclear. This study investigated the role of testosterone in modulating the IL-17 response.

Lumazine Synthase Nanoparticles as a Versatile Platform for Multivalent Antigen Presentation and Cross-Protective Coronavirus Vaccines.

Lumazine synthase (LS), a bacterial protein that self-assembles into 60-mer icosahedral virus-like nanoparticles, has emerged as a promising platform for nanoparticle-based drug delivery and vaccine design. However, detailed biophysical characterization of the LS nanoparticle vaccine has not been well-studied. In this study, we generated LS nanoparticles fused with domain B of protein A (pA-LS), enabling their binding to the hFc-tagged S1 domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein harboring two critical mutations (E484K and D614G) associated with increased infectivity and antibody escape.

Development of bioactive chitosan patch with ciprofloxacin loaded TiO₂ nanoparticles for wound healing application.

Different cellular mechanisms and functions drive the intricate process of skin wound healing. Because they interfere with the body's natural healing processes, microbial infections provide a serious obstacle to wound healing. To get over these challenges, this study offers a transdermal patch made of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan (Cs).

Cytokine profiling identifies circulating IL-2, IL23 and sPD-L1 as prognostic biomarkers for treatment outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer patients undergoing anti-PD1 therapy.

Background: This study investigates the predictive potential of circulating cytokines for response and survival outcomes in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy.

Materials And Methods: A cohort of 64 patients with advanced NSCLC receiving ICI therapy were included. Baseline serum samples were collected prior to ICI initiation and profiled using a multiplex cytokine panel.

Arabidopsis GELP53 overexpression modulates polysaccharide acetylation and defense through oligosaccharide-mediated signaling.

O-acetylation is a crucial substitution found in hemicelluloses and pectin, which are necessary for maintaining the flexibility and structural integrity of the cell. Cell wall acetyl transferases and esterases maintain balanced polysaccharide O-acetylation levels, however the role of esterases in cell wall polysaccharide O-acetylation metabolism is not well explored. Therefore, we investigated the role of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) GDSL Esterase/Lipase Protein (GELP) family member AtGELP53.

Structural insights into Beclin 1 interactions with it's regulators for autophagy modulation.

The molecular recognition process between proteins is the foundation of complex biological functions, driven by residue-level interactions between regulatory and functional domains. Therefore, change in network is the root cause of normal physiology to pathophysiology. Since the network can only be traced through structural data, such insights are essential.

konnect2prot 2.0: Integrating advanced analytical tools for deeper understanding of protein properties in a functional protein-protein interaction network.

Proteins work in coordination to catalyze and regulate all biological activities and drive cellular functions. The collective behavior of proteins is studied through protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, which provide a system-level understanding of their regulatory behavior. konnect2prot (k2p) is a web application that generates a context-specific directional PPI network from a list of proteins as input.

CpG island demethylation and recruitment of SP1 to the promoter region regulates human thymic stromal lymphopoietin expression.

Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP), an immunomodulatory cytokine, plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of atopic and allergic diseases. Atopy follows familial inheritance, and genome-wide studies have shown association of atopy with TSLP polymorphisms. Here, we analysed the conserved transcriptional regulatory elements in the human TSLP promoter, which revealed the presence of three CpG islands.

Development and validation of a novel clinical risk score to predict hypoxaemia in children with pneumonia using the WHO PREPARE dataset.

Background: Hypoxaemia predicts mortality at all levels of care, and appropriate management can reduce preventable deaths. However, pulse oximetry and oxygen therapy remain inaccessible in many primary care health facilities. We aimed to develop and validate a simple risk score comprising commonly evaluated clinical features to predict hypoxaemia in 2-59-month-old children with pneumonia.

TCGAimmunosurv: An R package to identify genes associated with patient survival and immune cell state transitions using TCGA and single-cell RNA-seq data.

Cancer is a disease rooted in genomic alterations and has long stood as one of the most formidable foes for humanity since its inception. A patient's survival often hinges on the specific genomic mutations present and the corresponding immune system response. As each genomic alteration has its deleterious damage, identification of potential drivers of cancer progression may risk yielding false positives without a mutation-specific approach.

The science at HIVR4P 2024: The era of choice in biomedical HIV prevention.

Introduction: HIVR4P 2024, the 5th HIV Research for Prevention Conference, took place in Lima, Peru, 6-10 October 2024. The conference focused on new developments in HIV prevention from basic research to new product development and implementation science.

Methods: Sessions were assigned to one of five tracks: basic science; pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and antiretroviral (ARV)-based prevention; vaccines and broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs); applied and implementation science; and other prevention modalities and cross-cutting issues.

Circulating urobilinogen augments inflammation and corticosteroid non-response in severe alcohol-induced hepatitis.

Severe alcohol-associated hepatitis (SAH) is a life-threatening condition with high mortality rates and poor response to prednisolone therapy. Identifying reliable early predictors of therapy response and survival is critical. Plasma metabolomics was conducted on 70 SAH patients (50 responders and 20 non-responders) to identify biomarkers for non-response and early mortality.

Phosphoglucomutase A-mediated metabolic adaptation is essential for antibiotic and disease persistence in .

The long-term survival of (Mtb) requires efficient use of host resources and uninterrupted access to host-derived nutrients. This is done by utilization of a highly flexible and integrated network of metabolic pathways. Phosphoglucomutase A () is essential for glycogen biosynthesis, which acts as a nutrient reservoir and is known to modulate carbon flux in various pathogens.

Emerging RNA-centric technologies to probe RNA-protein interactions: importance in decoding the life cycle of positive sense single strand RNA viruses and antiviral discovery.

Positive sense single strand RNA (+ssRNA) viruses are one of the evolutionary successful organisms and many of them pose a significant threat to human health. Diseases caused by +ssRNA viruses such as COVID-19, Flu and acute viral hepatitis are major public health concern worldwide. Therefore, a lot of research is focused at decoding the life cycle of +ssRNA viruses and develop specific antiviral therapeutics against them.

Allele-specific expression in non-small cell lung cancer: A genome-wide investigation.

Several studies have suggested that allele-specific expression (ASE)plays a critical role in cancer initiation and progression. However, little is known about genome-wide ASE and monoallelic expression of genes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We analysed 11,422 genes that had either at least two Single Nucleotide Variations (SNVs) or a high-confidence single SNV (depth ≥10) in metastatic NSCLC samples, and found that approximately 43 % (4935 genes) exhibited monoallelic expression in at least one sample.

Urgent surgery vs fibrinolytic therapy for left-sided prosthetic valve thrombosis: a randomized trial.

Background And Aims: Left-sided mechanical prosthetic valve thrombosis (PVT) is common in low-resource settings. Treatment is either by fibrinolytic therapy (FT) or urgent surgery. This is the first randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing urgent surgery with FT for symptomatic left-sided PVT.

Immunomodulatory activity of 4-(Benzyloxy)phenol facilitates intracellular mycobacterial clearance through p53 mediated IL-35 signaling dependent JAK1/STAT3 pathway in human macrophages.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), modulates host immune responses by regulating various cytokines. Precise regulation of these cytokines renders the host pathogen-free, whereas their dysregulation increases the susceptibility to infection.