Functional flexibility of a type III polyketide synthase in .

Type III polyketide synthases (T3PKSs) exhibit remarkable potential to biosynthesize a wide array of architecturally distinct and functionally important metabolites. Genes for T3PKSs widely occur in pathogenic mycobacterial genomes, with no information about their physiological significance in pathogenesis. Here, we describe the biological importance of MMAR_2190, a (Mmar) T3PKS, with orthologs in limited pathogenic mycobacterial species.

Genetic Characterization of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolated from Captive Zoo Animals.

Zoonotic tuberculosis is a neglected subject that has the potential to impede the effectiveness of the TB elimination program. The present study aimed to determine the genetic diversity and drug resistance in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from captive wild animals. A total of 67 tissue samples were collected from 33 animals, comprising 21 wild captive animals from various species and 12 slaughtered domestic buffaloes.

Production of Functional miRNA Mimics Using In Vitro Transcription.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are nearly 22 nucleotide RNA species involved in modulating gene expression via post-transcriptional regulation. In almost all in vitro studies, miRNA mimics are used to overexpress them to understand their role in various cellular processes. These mimics are also utilized as therapeutics for various diseases, such as scleroderma, mesothelioma, and multiple solid tumors.

Zinc Complexes of Cationic Ammonium Phenyl and Methylpyridinium Porphyrins Display Synergistic Anti-HIV‑1 and Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Activity.

This study presents a pioneering series of cationic porphyrins with promising synergistic antimicrobial and anti-HIV properties, particularly effective against drug-resistant strains. The synthesized porphyrins, including , , and , as well as their zinc-(II) complexes ( , , and ), were developed through strategic methylation of primary amino groups in precursor porphyrins, addressing steric challenges associated with repetitive amine alkylation. Under photodynamic therapy (PDT) conditions, these compounds exhibited notable suppression of HIV-1 entry and infection, in addition to demonstrating potent antibacterial activity against drug-resistant Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

Unveiling the molecular mechanism underlying PSKR-mediated amplification of the ABA signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Our research identified residues in AtPSKR1 and OsPSKR15 critical for kinase activity and interaction with ABA receptors, revealing PSKRs as core ABA signaling members that phosphorylate AtPYL4 and AtPYL9 receptors. Abscisic acid (ABA) serves as a vital signaling molecule that help plants respond to various environmental stresses, ensuring their survival and adaptability. The ABA signaling pathway begins when ABA is recognized by receptors known as PYR/PYL/RCAR.

ALR inhibits HBV replication and autophagosome formation by ameliorating HBV-induced ROS production in hepatic cells.

HBV has a small genome and thrives in the infected hepatocytes by hijacking the cellular machinery and cellular pathways. HBV induces incomplete autophagy for its replication and survival. This study showed that HBV replication induces Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which in turn augments the formation of autophagosomes.

On derived t-path, t=2,3 signed graph and t-distance signed graph.

A signed graph is a pair that consists of a graph and a sign mapping called signature from to the sign group . In this paper, we discuss the -path product signed graph where vertex set of is the same as that of and two vertices are adjacent if there is a path of length , between them in the signed graph . The sign of an edge in the -path product signed graph is determined by the product of marks of the vertices in the signed graph , where the mark of a vertex is the product of signs of all edges incident to it.

C-28 linker length modulates the activity of second-generation HIV-1 maturation inhibitors.

Maturation inhibitors (MIs) block HIV-1 maturation by preventing the cleavage of the capsid protein and spacer peptide 1 (CA-SP1). Bevirimat (BVM), a first-in-class MI, displayed sub-optimal efficacy in clinical trials due to presence of SP1:V7A polymorphism in the Gag protein.This polymorphism is inherently present in HIV-1 subtype C and conferred resistance to BVM.

Fullerene (C & C)-Meso-Tris-4-Carboxyphenyl Porphyrin Dyads Inhibit Entry of Wild-Type and Drug-Resistant HIV-1 Clades B and C.

The biological applications of noncationic porphyrin-fullerene (P-F) dyads as anti-HIV agents have been limited despite the established use of several cationic P-F dyads as anti-cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT) agents. This article explores the potential of amphiphilic non-cationic porphyrin-fullerene dyads as HIV-1 inhibitors under both PDT (light-treated) and non-PDT (dark) conditions. The amphiphilic P-F dyads, PBC and PBC, demonstrated enhanced efficacy in inhibiting the entry and production of HIV-1 (subtypes B and C).

Free fatty acid-induced DDX3 inhibits autophagy via miR-141 upregulation in diet-induced MASLD mice model system.

Introduction And Objectives: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is one of the primary causes of chronic liver disease and may lead to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent reports suggested that DEAD-box RNA helicase (DDX3) acts as a sensor of free fat accumulation and may modulate the pathogenesis via miRNAs. Hence, we hypothesized that DDX3 might modulate MASLD progression via miRNA-141-mediated inhibition of Sirt-1 and autophagy.

Cytoprotective role of pyruvate in mitigating abiotic stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Pyruvate is a central metabolite in cellular respiration and metabolism. It can neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS), safeguard mitochondrial membrane potential, and regulate gene expression under oxidative stress. However, its role in abiotic stress tolerance in plants needs to be explored.

Biofilm battleground: Unveiling the hidden challenges, current approaches and future perspectives in combating biofilm associated bacterial infections.

A biofilm is a complex aggregation of microorganisms, either of the same or different species, that adhere to a surface and are encased in an extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) matrix. Quorum sensing (QS) and biofilm formation are closely linked, as QS genes regulate the development, maturation, and breakdown of biofilms. Inhibiting QS can be utilized as an effective approach to combat the impacts of biofilm infection.

Anti-inflammatory and Anti-proliferative Role of Essential Oil of Leaves of (Roxb.) Merr. & Perry.

Background: Phytochemicals have long remained an essential component of the traditional medicine system worldwide. Advancement of research in phytochemicals has led to the identification of novel constituents and metabolites from phytochemicals, performing various vital functions ranging from antimicrobial properties to anticarcinogenic roles. is traditionally used by local people to manage inflammation.

MALAT1 is important for facilitating HIV-1 latency reversal in latently infected monocytes.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are long RNA transcripts with length >200 nucleotides that do not encode proteins. They play a crucial role in regulating HIV-1 infection, yet their involvement in myeloid cells remains underexplored. Myeloid cells are susceptible to HIV infection and contribute substantially to the latent HIV reservoir.

Transcriptomic study reveals alteration in the expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) during reversal of HIV-1 latency in monocytic cell line.

Background: The presence of latent HIV reservoirs continues to be the biggest obstacle to achieving an HIV cure. Thus, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may serve as the preferred targets for HIV latency reversal. The goal of the study was to identify prospective lncRNAs for subsequent in vitro molecular and functional characterization.

P2Y12 receptor-mediated cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression enhances tumor cell progression in a mouse model of lymphoma.

The pro-inflammatory enzyme cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) has been known to impart metastatic property to cancer cells. However, blocking of COX-2 with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or COX-2-specific inhibitors has failed in clinical trials due to adverse effects associated with their prolonged use. We have previously shown that extracellular ATP (eATP), a major component of the tumor microenvironment, enhances COX-2 expression several-fold, both in macrophages and in various cancer cells, by acting on purinergic (P2) receptors.

Synthesis of 5-hydroxyisatin thiosemicarbazones, spectroscopic investigation, protein-ligand docking, and in vitro anticancer activity.

A series of novel modifications were performed at the N(4) position of 5-hydroxyisatin thiosemicarbazone (TSC). The structure-activity approach is applied to design and synthesize derivatives by condensing thiosemicarbazides with 5-hydroxy isatin. The TSCs were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques viz.

Extension of shelf life of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) by using a coating of polyhydroxybutyrate-carboxymethyl cellulose-pectin-thymol conjugate.

This study targets explicitly finding an alternative to petroleum-based plastic films that burden the environment, which is a high priority. Hence, polymeric films were prepared with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) (4%), pectin (2%), and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) (0.5%) with different concentrations of thymol (0.

Diversified Synthesis of -Benzoyl Piperidine Tetraoxane Analogues Using Molybdenum Trioxide as a Newer Catalyst and Its Antiplasmodial Activity.

Molybdenum trioxide has been proven to be an efficient catalyst in synthesizing mixed -benzoyl piperidine dispiro-1,2,4,5-tetraoxane analogues using a one-pot reaction. This catalyst facilitated the synthesis of 21 tetraoxanes using cyclic, acyclic, and aromatic ketones. The structure and methodology of this reaction have been validated by single-crystal X-ray analysis of compound ″3g″.

Porphyrins with combinations of 4-carboxyphenyl and 4-hydroxyphenyl substituents in meso-positions as anti-HIV-1 agents.

A series of 4-carboxyphenyl/4-hydroxyphenyl meso-substituted porphyrins were synthesized, purified, and characterized. The compounds exhibited anti-HIV-1 activities, in vitro, under both non-photodynamic (non-PDT) and photodynamic (PDT) conditions. Specifically, the porphyrins inhibited HIV-1 virus entry, with c-PB(OH) and PB(OH) showing significant anti-HIV-1 activity.

Comprehensive intuitionistic fuzzy network data envelopment analysis incorporating undesirable outputs and shared resources.

The economic growth rate is intricately linked to the efficiency and effectiveness of the banking industry. A widely applicable mathematical technique for such assessments is Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), which evaluates the relative efficiency of Decision-Making Units (DMUs) by comparing their inputs and outputs. Traditional DEA treats DMUs as black boxes, neglecting internal processes that contribute to inefficiencies in individual DMUs.

Sixth order compact multi-phase block-AGE iteration methods for computing 2D Helmholtz equation.

We discuss sixth order accurate 9-point compact 2- and 3-phase block alternating group explicit (block-AGE) iteration methods for computing 2D Helmholtz equation. We use Dirichlet boundary conditions and no fictitious points are involved outside the solution region for computation. The proposed 2- and 3-phase block-AGE methods require only two and three sweeps for computation and the error analysis of the suggested approximation is analyzed.