Manganese overexposure: Unveiling its neurotoxic potential and involvement in pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.

Background: The modern era has brought increased availability of luxurious goods and conveniences, but manufacturing processes of metals and chemicals, including manganese (Mn), pose health risks. Overexposure of Mn is toxic, leading to neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease (PD) which is characterized by dopaminergic neuronal loss. This study aims to investigates the neurotoxic effects of Mn alone and in combination with rotenone in PD-like pathology.

Exploring the Multifaceted Potential of Natural Flavonoid Diosmetin in Human Diseases.

Flavonoids are secondary metabolites that are closely related to polyphenols and have a diverse structure. These are present in the form of aglycones or glycosides in many fruits and vegetables. Diosmetin (DIO) is a bioactive flavonoid primarily found in the olive tree (Olea europaea L) and has been recognised for its diverse therapeutic potential in the management of many illnesses.

Multidrug-resistant extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in poultry and cattle farms in India: Prevalence and survey-based risk factors.

Objective: Unregulated use of antibiotics in animal-production leads to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL E. coli), posing significant public health threats. This study aimed to assess and compare the role of cattle and poultry, along with farmworkers, in the emergence and spread of ESBL E.

Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and biofilm forming ability of in milk, animal handlers and slurry samples from dairy herds of Punjab, India.

Antimicrobial-resistant serves as an indicator for monitoring the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) at the human, animal, and environmental interface. The present study employs a 'One Health' framework to determine the prevalence, phenotypic and genotypic characterisation of the AMR profile and biofilm forming ability of isolates from milk, hand swabs and slurry samples of 405 dairy herds in Punjab, India. An overall prevalence of was 34.

Preclinical Evaluation of Fisetin in the Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcer in Wistar Rats.

Aims: Preclinical Evaluation of Fisetin in the Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcer in Wistar Rats.

Introduction: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a complication of diabetes mellitus, often leading to non-traumatic amputations and significantly impacting patient morbidity. Globally, the prevalence of DFU ranges from 9.

Targeting neurotrophic dysregulation in diabetic retinopathy: a novel therapeutic avenue.

The gradual retinal damage caused by chronic hyperglycemia is known as Diabetic retinopathy (DR), and it is the main cause of visual impairment and blindness in adults. The importance of neurotrophic factors in DR pathogenesis has been emphasized by recent studies. In diabetes, several naturally occurring proteins undergo substantial changes that impact neuronal survival, development, and differentiation.

Comprehensive exploration of marine functional foods in modulation of metabolic syndromes: a 20-year review.

Metabolic syndromes (MetS), a cluster of conditions threatening global health, are a central focus of medical research. Bioactive compounds from marine sources, including peptides, polysaccharides, and lipids, have shown promising biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering, anti-obesity, and insulin-sensitizing effects. These properties hold potential in combating dyslipidemia, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes.

Cryo-EM reveals conformational variability in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD induced by two broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies.

SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins play a critical role in infection by interacting with the ACE2 receptors. Their receptor-binding domains and N-terminal domains exhibit remarkable flexibility and can adopt various conformations that facilitate receptor engagement. Previous structural studies have reported the RBD of the spike protein in "up", "down", and various intermediate states, as well as its different conformational changes during ACE2 binding.

Antimicrobial Resistance and Genomic Insights into Isolates from Broilers and Their Handlers in Punjab, India.

, a common constituent of human and animal gut microbiota, has emerged as a significant pathogen due to its antimicrobial resistance (AMR) capabilities. This study investigates AMR profiles, virulence factors, and genetic diversity of isolates from broiler farms in Ludhiana, Punjab, India, to explore transmission dynamics between poultry and handlers. A total of 240 samples were collected from 20 farms, comprising 200 broiler droppings, 34 hand swabs from poultry handlers, and 6 human stool samples.

Stabilizing Prefusion SARS-CoV-2 Spike by Destabilizing the Postfusion Conformation.

As with many viral fusion proteins, the native conformation of SARS-CoV-2 Spike is metastable. Most COVID-19 vaccines utilize a stabilized Spike (Spike-2P) containing two proline substitutions, and subsequently, a further stabilized variant with four additional proline substitutions, Spike-6P, has been developed. In an alternative approach, we introduced two aspartic acid residues (2D) in the HR1 region of Spike at positions that are exposed and buried in the pre- and postfusion states, respectively, to destabilize the postfusion conformation.

Targeting dopaminergic neuronal death: Luteolin as a therapeutic modulator in Parkinson's disease.

Understanding the convoluted roles of dopamine in brain function is supreme for elucidating the pathophysiology and the therapeutic approach of movement disorders. Of which, Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological ailment characterized by disturbed motor and non-motor functions. Luteolin, a plant-derived flavonoid, exhibits neuroprotective properties through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Dapagliflozin Ameliorate Type-2 Diabetes Associated Neuropathy via Regulation of IGF-1R Signaling.

Dapagliflozin, an approved SGLT2 inhibitor, has been shown to have extra-glycemic effects like cardio-reno protection. However, the neuroprotective effects of SGLT2 inhibitors against diabetic neuropathy (DN) have not been explored. The current study aimed to determine the neuroprotective potential of Dapagliflozin against STZ-NAD-induced DN in Wistar rats via IGF-1 signaling.

Anti-atherogenic properties of Hook. F. (Lamiaceae) leaves through lipid profile regulation, oxidative stress reduction, and aorta media thickening attenuation in high-fat diet-fed Sprague-Dawley rats.

This study investigated the anti-atherogenic effects of leaves aqueous, hydro-ethanolic extracts, and ethyl acetate fraction at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg for 21 d. As results, at the dose of 400 mg/kg, the ethyl acetate fraction significantly ( < .001) decreased the level of total cholesterol (112.

Unraveling the Mystery: COVID-19 and Diabetic Complications - A Journey from Pathophysiology to Treatment.

The connection between COVID-19 and DM unveils a multifaceted interplay that significantly impacts disease severity and management strategies. Initial studies reveal that people with DM had higher severity rates of COVID-19 due to the infection by SARS-CoV-2. The virus solely induces hyperglycemia and, at the same time, profoundly influences the immune and inflammatory reactions, increasing the rate of severe complications and death among diabetes patients.

Pharmacological and Therapeutic Potential of a Natural Flavonoid Icariside II in Human Complication.

Emerging challenges to human health necessitate a coordinated effort to find both preventative and therapeutic techniques, with natural products at the forefront of attempts to gain novel medicines and minimize disease transmission and related death. The medicinal potential of chemicals contained in plants has been known for centuries, leading to its use in homes and clinics for the treatment of numerous disorders. Despite global advancements, plant-based medicines continue to be utilized to treat various pathological illnesses or as alternatives to contemporary pharmaceuticals.

Occurrence, Multidrug Resistance, SCCmec Typing of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Farmed Eggs and Environment.

A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on farmed eggs (n: 480) and environmental samples (n: 72; feed, water, and poultry droppings) from twenty-four deep litter and caged poultry layer farms across Punjab, India. The study noted a significantly higher occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus (31.67%; 95% CI 26.

Role of Flavonoids in Mitigating the Pathological Complexities and Treatment Hurdles in Alzheimer's Disease.

With the passage of time, people step toward old age and become more prone to several diseases associated with the age. One such is Alzheimer's disease (AD) which results into neuronal damage and dementia with the progression of age. The existing therapeutics has been hindered by various enkindles like less eminent between remote populations, affordability issues and toxicity profiles.

Biofilm battleground: Unveiling the hidden challenges, current approaches and future perspectives in combating biofilm associated bacterial infections.

A biofilm is a complex aggregation of microorganisms, either of the same or different species, that adhere to a surface and are encased in an extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) matrix. Quorum sensing (QS) and biofilm formation are closely linked, as QS genes regulate the development, maturation, and breakdown of biofilms. Inhibiting QS can be utilized as an effective approach to combat the impacts of biofilm infection.

Unraveling the therapeutic potential of Astilbe rivularis Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don in attenuation of diabetic neuropathy in laboratory rats.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Astilbe rivularis Buch.-Ham. ex D.

Occurrence, Multidrug Resistance, and Multilocus Sequence Typing of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase/AmpC-Producing from Farmed Eggs.

The present study evaluated the occurrence, antibiogram profile, and sequence types (STs) of multidrug resistant (MDR) from freshly laid eggs ( = 480), feed ( = 24), water ( = 24), poultry droppings ( = 24), and hand swab samples ( = 10) collected from 24 deep litter (DL) and caged poultry layer farms (12 per category) across Punjab, India. The overall contamination rate in DL and cage farms was 32% (95% confidence intervals [CI], 26.6-37.

A novel study on the quality of life index in canine chronic kidney disease treated with incremental intermittent hemodialysis.

Background And Aim: In veterinary medicine, health-related quality-of-life index (QOL) measurements are becoming increasingly important because they are a multifaceted concept that represents not only patients' physical well-being but also clients' emotional health. This study assessed QOL in dogs receiving incremental intermittent hemodialysis (-IHD) with high- and low-flux dialyzers.

Materials And Methods: Thirty dogs diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) Stage IV were randomly divided into two groups of 15 dogs each.

Unveiling the Mysteries of the Blood-brain Barrier: The Problem of the Brain/spinal Pharmacotherapy.

The most critical issue impeding the development of innovative cerebrospinal medications is the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB limits the ability of most medications to penetrate the brain to the CNS. The BBB structure and functions are summarized, with the physical barrier generated by endothelial tight junctions and the transport barrier formed by transporters within the membrane and vesicular processes.

Exploring the Comprehensive Neuroprotective and Anticancer Potential of Afzelin.

Neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and others) and cancer, seemingly disparate in their etiology and manifestation, exhibit intriguing associations in certain cellular and molecular processes. Both cancer and neurodegenerative diseases involve the deregulation of cellular processes such as apoptosis, proliferation, and DNA repair and pose a significant global health challenge. Afzelin (kaempferol 3-O-rhamnoside) is a flavonoid compound abundant in various plant sources.

Interplay between α-synuclein and parkin genes: Insights of Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex and debilitating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The pathogenesis of PD is intimately linked to the roles of two key molecular players, α-synuclein (α-syn) and Parkin. Understanding the intricate interplay between α-syn and Parkin is essential for unravelling the molecular underpinnings of PD.