Surprise Diagnosis of a Lumbar Mass: Cytological Diagnosis of Retroperitoneal Ganglioneuroma in a Rare Presentation.

Ganglioneuromas (GNs) are the rare benign tumors belonging to the spectrum of the neuroblastic tumors and can be found anywhere across the distribution of the sympathetic nervous system, including the retroperitoneum. The majority of retroperitoneal GNs are asymptomatic and are diagnosed incidentally. We present a case of a retroperitoneal GN presenting as a palpable lumbar swelling, scoliosis, and inability to walk in a 6-year-old child, diagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and confirmed on histopathology.

Real-world experience of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in severe aluminium phosphide poisoning.

Introduction: Mitochondrial toxicity caused by phosphine released from aluminium phosphide in the presence of moisture leads to haemodynamic collapse, and the mortality from aluminium phosphide ingestion is high. In anecdotal studies, veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation appears to reduce mortality.

Methods: A retrospective, single-centre study was conducted of patients with aluminium phosphide poisoning managed between 2019 and 2023.

A Rare Riding Horse on the Ovary: Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumour from Liver.

Neuroendocrine tumours are neoplasms that arise from cells of the endocrine (hormonal) and nervous systems. Many are benign, while some are malignant. Neuroendocrine tumours of the ovary are rare and of uncertain histogenesis.

Balancing act: Drp1 inhibition and mitochondrial homeostasis in cardiovascular diseases.

The heart is an organ that depends significantly on mitochondria to operate, since it requires a lot of energy, which mitochondria create, making them essential for the efficient functioning of the heart. The term "mitochondrial dynamics" refers to extremely dynamic organelles known as mitochondria that undergo cycles of fusion and fission to modify their appearance, distribution, and function. Drp1 or Dynamin-related protein 1, a primary fission protein, strictly regulates the elimination of damaged mitochondria by mitophagy.

A plasma proteomics-based candidate biomarker panel predictive of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Identifying a reliable biomarker for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is crucial for clinical practice. Here, in this cross-sectional study, we used the Olink Explore 3072 platform to investigate plasma proteomics as a biomarker tool for this neurodegenerative condition. Thirty-three proteins were differentially abundant in the plasma of patients with ALS (n = 183) versus controls (n = 309).

Dissipation pattern, risk assessment and decontamination of residues of emamectin benzoate, fipronil and acetamiprid on bell pepper.

Present investigation evaluated the persistence of emamectin benzoate, fipronil, and acetamiprid in bell pepper fruits and soil, their dietary risks, and the effectiveness of decontamination methods. Initial residues at the X dose were 0.045, 1.

Metasurface-loaded silicon-graphene composite twin-port THz radiator with pattern diversity and circular polarization features.

This paper provides a plan and study of a circular aperture stimulated two-port dielectric radiator in the THz regime. Three major contributions of the proposed antenna are as follows: (a) diagonal perturbation of Si-dielectric provides the circular polarization within 2.4-2.

Role of Repressive Histone Lysine Demethylases and Methylases in Susceptibility to Depression Using a Novel Progressive Social Defeat Stress Mouse Model.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) results from repeated and constant exposure to stress over prolonged periods. The highly variable response to stress and the low heritability suggests that MDD has a strong epigenetic basis. Studies show global dysregulation of histone modifications in both susceptible and resilient animals after chronic stress suggesting involvement of epigenetics in stress response in the brain.

Incidentally detected cavernous haemangioma of the liver on autopsy of a middle-aged male.

Cavernous haemangioma of the liver is a common benign vascular lesion, frequently asymptomatic and identified incidentally through imaging techniques. However, its identification during autopsy is uncommon. This report describes a 33-year-old male diagnosed with an incidental cavernous haemangioma of the liver identified during a post-mortem examination.

Postmortem diagnosis of human rabies viral encephalitis: Insights into pathogenesis through the vigilant lens of the forensic pathologist!

Rabies, a lethal zoonotic viral disease, continues to pose a significant public health threat worldwide. Caused by lyssaviruses, primarily transmitted through the bite of infected animals, rabies manifests as an acute encephalitis with a nearly universal fatality rate once clinical symptoms appear. The hallmark of rabies infection is its unique neurotropism, targeting the central nervous system and inducing characteristic neurological signs and symptoms.

Stroke Modeling and Assessment in Mice Using Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion.

The internal carotid artery occlusion (ICAO) model in mice replicates a clinically relevant subtype of stroke (mild to moderate ischemic stroke). The ICAO model represents a significant advancement in preclinical stroke research, providing a more accurate representation of human strokes caused by internal carotid artery occlusion. This model has facilitated novel insights into epigenetic modifications following stroke, specifically the dynamics of histone lysine methylation and demethylation, which are crucial in ischemia-induced brain damage and recovery.

Left atrial appendage tear due to blunt trauma to the chest.

This case report presents the successful surgical management of a 34-year-old male who had blunt chest trauma resulting in a left atrial appendage tear after a traffic accident. He arrived at the emergency department 30 minutes post-injury in a gasping state, showing signs of hypovolemic shock, tachycardia (132 bpm), hypotension (blood pressure 88/48 mm Hg) and decreased breath sounds on the left side. The initial management included fluid resuscitation and the insertion of an intercostal drain, which drained 1.

Modeling vicarious social defeat stress in rodents for investigating emotional stress-induced depression.

Vicarious trauma, a form of emotional stress experienced by observing the suffering of others has gained prominence as a major contributor to depression and other stress-related disorders. Traditional animal models of depression such as Chronic Social Defeat Stress (CSDS) focus on physical stressors but fail to replicate the psychological dimensions of vicarious trauma. The Vicarious Social Defeat Stress (VSDS) model fills this gap by inducing emotional stress without physical injury.

Thoracoscopic decortication for tubercular empyema in a lung transplant recipient.

Tubercular empyema thoracis is a morbid postoperative complication in lung transplant recipients, which significantly impairs graft function and affects the survival rate. This report describes a case of tubercular empyema thoracis in a 42-year-old female, who underwent bilateral sequential lung transplantation for interstitial lung disease (non-specific interstitial pneumonia). She underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery decortication, a preferred surgical approach due to its minimally invasive nature with excellent success rates.

Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome presenting as recurrent secondary spontaneous pneumothorax: VATS.

Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant inherited condition, occurring due to mutations in folliculin gene and is characterized by skin lesions, renal tumors, and pulmonary cysts, which can lead to recurrent pneumothorax. The present report discusses the case of a 35-year-old male presenting with a history of left-sided recurrent pneumothorax, and diagnosed with Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome after screening for mutation in folliculin gene. The patient experienced two episodes of spontaneous pneumothorax, both of which were managed by intercostal drainage.

Role of Distal Femur Anatomical Plate in Fracture of Distal Femur.

Introduction: Distal femur fractures are mostly caused due to vehicular injuries in the middle-aged population. Operative treatment has been preferred with open reduction and internal fixation in these fractures. Due to the availability of anatomical locking compression plates (LCPs), better results and improved functional outcomes have been observed.

Effect and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic lung cancer: A retrospective study.

Cancer is a major global public health issue. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are increasingly used for managing advanced malignancies. However, their effect is limited by immune-related adverse events.

Segmentectomy vs Lobectomy for Patients With 2- to 3-cm Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: Two studies recently demonstrated the noninferiority of sublobar resection to lobectomy in patients with T1a-bN0M0 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, whether segmentectomy is associated with similar oncologic outcomes to lobectomy for patients with node-negative T1c tumors (ie, those 2-3 cm) remains unknown.

Research Question: What is the survival of patients undergoing segmentectomy vs those undergoing lobectomy for T1cN0M0 NSCLC (defined as NSCLC presenting with tumors of 2 to 3 cm not involving the pleura or main bronchi that has not spread to lymph nodes or distant sites)?

Study Design And Methods: Patients in the National Cancer Database (2010-2020) who underwent segmentectomy or lobectomy for clinical T1cN0M0 NSCLC were identified for analysis.

Perthe's syndrome in building collapse fatalities: A forensic examination.

Introduction: Perthe's syndrome, or traumatic asphyxia, is a rare form of mechanical asphyxia caused by sudden, intense chest compression, leading to cervicofacial congestion, petechiae, and subconjunctival haemorrhages. Despite its forensic significance, limited literature exists on cases resulting from building collapses.

Objective: This study examines forensic autopsy findings in victims of a building collapse, highlighting characteristic diagnostic features, pathophysiology, and the role of forensic experts, local authorities, and disaster management teams.

Expression of inflammatory proteins STAT & NFĸB for phenotypic diagnosis of gall bladder cancer: A pilot study.

Background & objectives Gallbladder cancer (GBC) has a low overall survival rate due to late detection and poor prognosis. Chronic inflammation contributes to malignant conversion and metastasis in GBC. Expression of inflammatory proteins, such as signal transducer and activator of transcription factor (STAT) and nuclear factor kappa B (NFĸB) proteins, for diagnosis through immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a promising area of research; however, diagnosis of GBC through IHC-based methods is still in its infancy.

Elucidating neural molecular mechanisms underlying metabolic disorders-induced neuropsychiatric disorders in mice on prolonged high fructose diet.

Metabolic disorders (MetDs), driven mostly by lifestyle changes are growing at an alarming rate, and have cardiovascular and cerebrovascular consequences, eventually leading to various neuropsychiatric disorders. Considering a dearth of studies, we modeled MetDs-like conditions in C57BL/6 Ncrl mice on prolonged 60% high fructose diet (Hfr) for 56 weeks. The metabolic assessments revealed significant changes in various MetDs-related physiological and biochemical parameters in the Hfr group compared to the control (Ctrl) group such as reduced lean mass, hyperlipidemia, elevated liver function markers (SGPT, SGOT), and kidney function markers (creatinine, alkaline phosphatase).

Survival and quality-of-life in mucormycosis: a multicentric ambispective cohort study.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate long-term survival and identify predictors of mortality among patients hospitalized with mucormycosis.

Methods: This prospective, multicentre cohort study included patients hospitalized for mucormycosis across 26 sites in India from March to July 2021. Follow-up data were collected at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month intervals post-discharge through telephonic or in-person interviews with patients or caregivers.