Tailoring the biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease using a gut microbiome-centric approach: Preclinical, clinical, and regulatory perspectives.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, poses significant therapeutic challenges due to its complex etiology and limited treatment options. Traditional pharmacotherapies targeting amyloid-β (Aβ) and cholinergic pathways offer modest benefits and are often associated with adverse effects. Emerging evidence implicates gut dysbiosis and the gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis and progression of AD.

Magnetic hyperthermia-based therapies for cancer targeting: current progress and future perspectives.

Cancer has complicated pathological events, and conventional cancer therapy has limitations in the lack of selectivity, cytotoxicity, and the development of multidrug resistance. Hyperthermia, based on mild elevation in temperature up to 45 °C, can result in cancer cell death. However, the clinical applicability of MNPs for heating malignant cells is impeded by the difficulties of efficiently and selectively heating the tumors.

Quantum Dots in Neurotheranostics for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.

Age-related neurodegeneration is one of the primary causes associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Currently, there are 5.8 million cases of AD worldwide.

Prosthetic valve dysfunction post-bevacizumab: a transcatheter aortic valve replacement thrombosis case report.

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) thrombosis is a known complication, but its association with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors has not been previously reported.

Case Summary: A 69-year-old male with previous TAVR developed new-onset prosthetic valve dysfunction after receiving bevacizumab for age-related macular degeneration. Echocardiography revealed moderate aortic stenosis with significantly elevated gradients compared to baseline.

Impact of Metabolically Healthy Obesity on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Older Adults with HFpEF: Insights from a Nationwide Sample.

Clinical outcomes among older adults hospitalized with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in the setting of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) remain insufficiently explored. This study aimed to evaluate whether MHO status is associated with different rates of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) during HFpEF-related hospitalizations compared to patients without MHO. Data from the 2019 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was analyzed using relevant ICD-10 codes to identify HFpEF admissions in older adults.

Deciphering the iridoids' boundaries: from soil ecology to anti-inflammatory medicines.

Iridoid glycosides (IGs) are monoterpenoids that protect against stress and modulate the immune system. A comprehensive analysis of preclinical and clinical data on IGs' adaptogenic and immunogenic properties, molecular processes, and knowledge gaps was conducted. The study found that oral catalpol, aucubin, geniposide, harpagoside, loganin, and globularifolin can reduce stress and depression by diminishing anhedonia, enhancing corticosterone, BDNF, and decreasing COX 2 levels.

Biomembrane-coated nanosystems as next-generation delivery systems for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers.

Gastrointestinal cancers, a major global cause of cancer-related mortality and disease burden, are a heterogeneous group of malignant aliments involving different organs of the digestive system. The late clinical diagnosis, genomic tumor heterogeneity, high complexity of the gastrointestinal tumor microenvironment, along with increasing treatment resistance have been recognized as the main contributing factors to the current inadequacy of the clinical interventions and poor prognosis of the gastrointestinal cancer patients. In the coming years, gastrointestinal cancer-related global mortality is unfortunately predicted to increase due to the absence of early detection and effective therapeutic options.

The use of three-dimensional primary human myospheres to explore skeletal muscle effects of in vivo krill oil supplementation.

Purpose: Supplementation with krill oil has shown effects on whole-body lipid and glucose metabolism, as well as on skeletal muscle strength and function. We previously showed that krill oil intervention in vivo promoted fatty acid metabolism and protein synthesis in cultured human myotubes in a two-dimensional (2D) model. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of krill oil supplementation in vivo in a 3D myosphere model, and to compare a the human skeletal muscle 3D cell model to a 2D model.

Advances in Immunoassays for detection of pancreatitis biomarkers.

Pancreatitis is a predominant cause of gastrointestinal morbidity. However, the early and accurate detection of biomarkers, which is essential for guiding risk stratification and therapeutic decision-making, is constrained by the sensitivity and throughput limitations of conventional assays. This review critically examines advances in immunoassay technologies, including high-sensitivity lipase and amylase ELISAs, chemiluminescence and time-resolved fluorescence formats, label-free plasmonic sensors, digital single-molecule platforms, and multiplex bead-based and microarray systems, as applied to pancreatitis biomarker quantitation.

Flavonoids as Antimicrobial Agents: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential.

Flavonoids, plant-derived polyphenolic compounds, have garnered significant attention for their broad-spectrum antimicrobial potential, encompassing antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities. These bioactive molecules exert their effects through multiple mechanisms, including disruption of microbial cell membranes, inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis, suppression of biofilm formation, and interference with key bacterial enzymes. Notable flavonoids such as quercetin, apigenin, and kaempferol exhibit potent activity against bacterial pathogens like Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as fungal pathogens such as Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans.

Expanding arsenal against colorectal cancer using guar gum-based nanocarriers: A review.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of mortality across the globe. Chemotherapy is a common tactic, but because of its array of disadvantages, its applications via oral and intravenous routes have been curtailed. The polymeric nanoparticulate delivery comprising naturally occurring guar gum polymer was found to be promising for delivering cargo at colon.

Icariin as a therapeutic agent in breast cancer: modulating apoptosis and suppressing proliferation.

Breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, underscoring the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. Icariin, a prenylated flavonol glycoside derived from species, has emerged as a promising multi-targeted agent with potent anticancer activity. Preclinical studies demonstrate that icariin modulates key oncogenic pathways, including PI3K/Akt, MAPK, NF-κB/SIRT6, and AMPK/mTOR to inhibit tumor cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, and regulate autophagy.

Cancer stem cells: mitochondria signalling pathway and strategies for therapeutic interventions.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a critical role in tumor initiation, progression, and resistance to therapy, making them a major hurdle in effective cancer treatment. Unlike bulk cancer cells, CSCs exhibit remarkable adaptability, allowing them to survive under metabolic stress and evade conventional therapies. Mitochondria, as central regulators of cellular metabolism and apoptosis, are integral to CSC function.

Plant-based flavonoids and their nanoparticles: Latest arsenal against Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent and emerging neurodegenerative disease and serves as the seventh biggest cause of mortality across the globe. The pathogenesis of AD is linked with multiple hallmarks. The applications of anti-AD therapeutics approved by the FDA have been restricted because of the least permeability, bioavailability, negative effects, and huge cost.

Unravelling the role of nanomedicine in attenuating inflammation, oxidative stress and cellular ageing in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a chronic lung disease which causes obstruction and inflammation in the airways or other parts of the lung. It is often associated with structural changes in the lung due to persistent inflammation caused by prolong exposure to cigarette smoke. Other factors such as oxidative stress, chronic inflammation and cellular senescence also play a major role in the progression of the disease.

Anticandidal Effects of Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum sanctum: Unveiling in vitro and in vivo Efficacy against Systemic Candidiasis.

Background: This research explored the antimicrobial, antifungal, and in vivo anticandidal activities of two herbal extracts: Ocimum basilicum (HEOB) and Ocimum sanctum (HEOS). Additionally, the study analyzed the phytochemical components of these extracts.

Aim: To examine the efficacy of HEOB and HEOS extracts in terms of their antimicrobial, antifungal, and anti-candidal activities and analyze their phytochemical composition, antioxidant potential, and immunomodulatory properties in vivo.

Unravelling the Treatment Strategies for Monkeypox Virus: Success and Bottlenecks.

Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is a zoonotic orthopoxvirus (ORXV) that causes a significant public health concern due to its potential for human-to-human transmission and ability to cause severe disease. Despite the availability of a vaccine, there is currently no specific antiviral treatment for MPXV. The development of effective therapeutic strategies for MPXV is essential to mitigate its harmful impact on society.

Elucidating neural molecular mechanisms underlying metabolic disorders-induced neuropsychiatric disorders in mice on prolonged high fructose diet.

Metabolic disorders (MetDs), driven mostly by lifestyle changes are growing at an alarming rate, and have cardiovascular and cerebrovascular consequences, eventually leading to various neuropsychiatric disorders. Considering a dearth of studies, we modeled MetDs-like conditions in C57BL/6 Ncrl mice on prolonged 60% high fructose diet (Hfr) for 56 weeks. The metabolic assessments revealed significant changes in various MetDs-related physiological and biochemical parameters in the Hfr group compared to the control (Ctrl) group such as reduced lean mass, hyperlipidemia, elevated liver function markers (SGPT, SGOT), and kidney function markers (creatinine, alkaline phosphatase).

Return to alcohol use among patients who are in recovery from alcohol use disorder with pharmacologically treated vs untreated insomnia.

Objective: Patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) often experience sleep disturbances in early and sustained recovery, and patients with AUD and sleep disturbances are at an increased risk of returning to alcohol use.

Method: This study was a retrospective claims analysis with a nested case-control design utilizing data from the Merative™ MarketScan®, Commercial, and Medicare Supplemental databases. Adults aged 18 to 80 years with ≥1 AUD remission diagnosis and a subsequent insomnia diagnosis were included.

Enhanced plasma half-life and efficacy of engineered human albumin-fused GLP-1 despite enzymatic cleavage of its C-terminal end.

Albumin has a long plasma half-life due to engagement of the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), which prevents intracellular degradation. However, its C-terminal end can be cleaved by carboxypeptidase A, and removal of the last leucine residue (L585) weakens receptor binding, reducing its half-life from 20 days to 3.5 days in humans.