Exploring the role of circulating microRNAs as potential diagnostic markers in Mycobacterium paratuberculosis.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived and play a notable role in the development of chronic diseases and can be used as biomarkers as they transport microRNAs (miRNA). Existing research has found that most miRNA functions are carried out via intercellular transmission of EVs, which can protect and sort miRNAs. Early detection of disease is crucial for controlling the spread of the disease and improving livestock prognosis.

When to Think and Do Bipolar in Inter Trochanteric Fractures.

Background: The life expectancy of the elderly population is increasing; hence, a rise in both intracapsular and extracapsular hip fractures. Early surgical intervention and ambulation are crucial to improving outcomes and reducing complications associated with recumbency. The optimal management of intertrochanteric femur fractures (IFFs) in elderly patients especially in cases of osteoporotic bone or high-risk fractures remains debated.

A Primer on Monkeypox Infection: An Emerging Threat to Global Public Health.

Monkeypox (mpox) is caused by a poxvirus closely related to the smallpox virus. It spreads by intimate contact between humans and animals. Prior immunization against smallpox only provides partial protection against mpox.

Management of intra-bony defects using nano HA+PRF over its combination with a diode laser.

Patients with periodontitis frequently have intra-bony defects. Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate the use of a diode laser and a bone graft (nano hydroxyapatite [HA] + platelet rich fibrin [PRF]) in healing of intra-bony defects. In this split-mouth evaluation, 20 patients with bilateral intra-bony defects were divided into 2 groups as; Group I (control) - nano HA + PRF and Group II (Test group)--bone graft (nano HA + PRF)+ diode laser and treated accordingly.

AI assisted surgical guides for dental implant placement.

Dental implant placement requires high precision and advancements in technology, such as AI-assisted surgical guides. Therefore, it is of interest to compare AI-assisted surgical guides, conventional guides and freehand techniques in dental implant placement. Hence, 75 artificial jaw models were divided into three groups of 25 each.

Detecting oral cancer in edentulous patients during denture fabrication by Prosthodontists.

Detection of potentially malignant disorders (PMDs) and oral cancer among completely edentulous patients by Prosthodontists is of interest. Hence, a thorough soft tissue examination was conducted at five key stages of denture fabrication on 500 edentulous patients. Information on tobacco and alcohol consumption was collected and biopsies were performed.

Computational investigation of potential natural compounds as inhibitors of monkeypox virus cysteine proteinase.

Introduction: Monkeypox is a serious viral illness that is rarely seen but is spread from person to person and from animals to humans. Cysteine proteinase, an essential enzyme involved in the replication of the monkeypox virus (MPXV), is one of many possible therapeutic targets for MPXV. The primary function of this enzyme is to cleave the precursor polyprotein into the distinct proteins required for viral assembly.

Feasibility and Safety of Percutaneous Device Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Neonates: Experience From a Single Center in Northern India.

Objective: To report the feasibility and safety of percutaneous device closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm neonates from a tertiary center in Northern India.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of the clinical profile, nature of device used, and outcomes of inborn preterm neonates who underwent percutaneous device closure of PDA was conducted. The intervention was performed by experienced pediatric cardiologists using a transvenous approach under fluoroscopic guidance.

Cryotherapy as a supplementary aid to inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: A randomized controlled trial.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of cryotherapy in conjunction with inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) on intraoperative pain and anaesthesia success in adult patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP) of the mandibular permanent first molars. A total of 60 patients diagnosed with SIP of the mandibular first molars were randomly divided into two groups (n=30) as follows: Group I (the control), in which patients were administered IANB with 3.6 ml 2% lignocaine, and group II (test group), in which patients received the same IANB therapy followed by cryotherapy using an endo-frost spray and intrapulpal ice sticks.

Engineered L-asparaginase variants with enhanced therapeutic properties to improve treatment of childhood acute lymphatic leukemia.

Escherichia coli L-asparaginase (EcA), a key component of a multi-drug acute lymphatic leukemia (ALL) treatment regimen, has several limitations that reduce its therapeutic efficacy. The major disadvantages include immunogenicity, serum instability, shorter half-life, and accompanying glutaminase activity that causes neurotoxicity and pancreatitis. Pegylated asparaginase and Erwinase have better therapeutic potential, but they are expensive.

Autophagy and Cellular Senescence in Alzheimer's Disease: Key Drivers of Neurodegeneration.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly, characterized by extracellular amyloid β‑ (Aβ) plaque deposition and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Impaired autophagy, the cellular pathway for degrading damaged organelles and misfolded proteins, and cellular senescence, permanent cell cycle arrest with proinflammatory secretions, have emerged as key contributors to AD pathogenesis.

Methods: We performed a narrative review of recent mechanistic and preclinical studies investigating (1) autophagic flux and its role in Aβ and tau clearance; (2) the accumulation and secretory phenotype of senescent cells in the aging brain; (3) interactions between autophagy impairment and senescence; and (4) the efficacy of autophagy enhancers (e.

Unveiling the potential of antimicrobial peptides to combat Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a severe disease that causes considerably high morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income developing nations. The causative agent of TB, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), has evolved medication resistance, which has hampered the treatment of TB. The need for new anti-TB medications has been driven by the growth of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) mycobacterial strains, resistance to current medicines, and a rising financial burden.

A Comprehensive Guide to Typhoidal Anemia.

Typhoid fever, caused primarily by Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi, stands as a significant global health concern, with complications extending beyond the typical gastrointestinal manifestations. This review systematically examines the intricate relationship between typhoid fever and hematologic complications, collectively referred to as typhoidal anemia. Hematological abnormalities, including changes in blood profiles and bone marrow responses, are scrutinized, providing a comprehensive understanding of the disease's impact on physiological systems.

Efficacy of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma for the Treatment of Ankle Sprain: A Systematic Review of Literature with Limited Meta-Analysis.

Background: Lateral ankle sprains are common among active individuals and, if not managed properly, can result in recurrent sprains, chronic instability, and post-traumatic ankle osteoarthritis. Standard treatment includes physical therapy and a brief period of rest, followed by early functional rehabilitation. Autologous platelet-rich plasma, which is rich in growth factors, has demonstrated promising healing responses in acute ankle sprains.

Physician Modification of Polytetrafluoroethylene Based Endografts for Aortic Aneurysm Repair.

Objective: Physician-modified endografts (PMEGs) have provided an endovascular approach for repair of complex abdominal aortic aneurysms and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. While the use of polyethylene terephthalate (Dacron)-based grafts is growing, we aimed to evaluate the use and outcomes of a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-based system for such cases.

Materials And Methods: In a retrospective, single-center cohort study from November 2021 to June 2024, treatment with physician-modified PTFE endograft for complex abdominal aortic aneurysms and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms was assessed.

Total Knee Arthroplasty in End-Stage Knee Osteoarthritis with Tibia Stress Fractures- A Propensity Score Matched Comparative Study.

Objectives: Knee osteoarthritis (KO) is a leading contributor to disability years, with a prevalence ranging from 22% to 39%. Tibia stress fractures (TSFs) are well-described for end-stage arthritis patients undergoing TKA. Literature is ambiguous, with a wide range of management options.

Flavonoids as Antimicrobial Agents: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential.

Flavonoids, plant-derived polyphenolic compounds, have garnered significant attention for their broad-spectrum antimicrobial potential, encompassing antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities. These bioactive molecules exert their effects through multiple mechanisms, including disruption of microbial cell membranes, inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis, suppression of biofilm formation, and interference with key bacterial enzymes. Notable flavonoids such as quercetin, apigenin, and kaempferol exhibit potent activity against bacterial pathogens like Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as fungal pathogens such as Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans.

Icariin as a therapeutic agent in breast cancer: modulating apoptosis and suppressing proliferation.

Breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, underscoring the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. Icariin, a prenylated flavonol glycoside derived from species, has emerged as a promising multi-targeted agent with potent anticancer activity. Preclinical studies demonstrate that icariin modulates key oncogenic pathways, including PI3K/Akt, MAPK, NF-κB/SIRT6, and AMPK/mTOR to inhibit tumor cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, and regulate autophagy.

Congenitally Corrected Transposition of Great Arteries With Double Aortic Arch and Membranous Septal Aneurysm-A Rare Association.

We describe a case of congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries (ccTGA) with associated double aortic arch and membranous septal aneurysm. We describe the multimodality imaging features and clinical presentation due to these anomalies.

Methodological Appraisal and Evidence-Based Insights on Guided Tissue Regeneration in Endodontic Surgery: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.

This study evaluated the methodological quality and synthesised evidence from systematic reviews on guided tissue regeneration (GTR) in endodontic surgery. A comprehensive search across multiple databases was conducted to identify systematic reviews published up to 21 November 2024, with no language restrictions. Methodological quality was assessed using the AMSTAR-2 tool, and primary study overlap using corrected covered area (CCA) metrics.

Anticandidal Effects of Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum sanctum: Unveiling in vitro and in vivo Efficacy against Systemic Candidiasis.

Background: This research explored the antimicrobial, antifungal, and in vivo anticandidal activities of two herbal extracts: Ocimum basilicum (HEOB) and Ocimum sanctum (HEOS). Additionally, the study analyzed the phytochemical components of these extracts.

Aim: To examine the efficacy of HEOB and HEOS extracts in terms of their antimicrobial, antifungal, and anti-candidal activities and analyze their phytochemical composition, antioxidant potential, and immunomodulatory properties in vivo.

Mpox 2022 to 2025 Update: A Comprehensive Review on Its Complications, Transmission, Diagnosis, and Treatment.

Monkeypox virus (Mpox virus) is a zoonotic orthopoxvirus that has gained increased global attention due to recent outbreaks. The current review reports the latest update of Mpox cases from 25 February 2022 to 29 April 2025. It also evaluates the possible major complications in human life caused by Mpox.

Exploring the Interplay Between Kidney Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease.

This article reveals the various types of complications that are associated with dialysis and kidney-associated disease, including left ventricular hypertrophy, heart failure, vascular heart disease, arrhythmias, diabetes mellitus, intradialytic hypertension, and coronary heart disease. The molecular mechanisms underlying the development of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), including the role of nitric oxide (NO) signaling, have been extensively studied. Patients suffering from CKD need treatment with hemodialysis at the end stages.