Hesperidin mitigates lead-induced neurotoxicity via TFEB-dependent restoration of mitochondrial function, oxidative balance, and neuroinflammation in rats.

Lead (Pb) neurotoxicity remains a global concern, causing irreversible cognitive and motor impairments through mechanisms like mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation. Transcription Factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy that also coordinates mitochondrial function, has emerged as a novel target in neuroprotection. This study evaluated the neuroprotective potential of hesperidin (natural flavonoid) against Pb-induced neurotoxicity, with a focus on the role of TFEB.

Management of intra-bony defects using nano HA+PRF over its combination with a diode laser.

Patients with periodontitis frequently have intra-bony defects. Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate the use of a diode laser and a bone graft (nano hydroxyapatite [HA] + platelet rich fibrin [PRF]) in healing of intra-bony defects. In this split-mouth evaluation, 20 patients with bilateral intra-bony defects were divided into 2 groups as; Group I (control) - nano HA + PRF and Group II (Test group)--bone graft (nano HA + PRF)+ diode laser and treated accordingly.

Glycemic therapies and the risk of gastrointestinal adverse events in veterans with type 2 diabetes.

Aims: To compare the risk of gastrointestinal adverse events in new users of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and insulin glargine.

Materials And Methods: We conducted an active comparator, new user design study in veterans with type 2 diabetes who initiated one of these drug classes between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2021 (N = 141 080). Inverse probability weighted Cox regression models were used to relate drug class to outcomes of gastroparesis, intestinal obstruction, gallstones, acute cholecystitis, acute pancreatitis and all-cause death.

Circulating urobilinogen augments inflammation and corticosteroid non-response in severe alcohol-induced hepatitis.

Severe alcohol-associated hepatitis (SAH) is a life-threatening condition with high mortality rates and poor response to prednisolone therapy. Identifying reliable early predictors of therapy response and survival is critical. Plasma metabolomics was conducted on 70 SAH patients (50 responders and 20 non-responders) to identify biomarkers for non-response and early mortality.

Molecular predictive biomarker testing in advanced thyroid cancer - a European consensus.

As new precision oncology therapies become available in the thyroid cancer (TC) treatment landscape, appropriate and timely biomarker testing is crucial for treatment selection and requires a multidisciplinary approach. Recently published European guidelines on advanced/metastatic TC management include a special focus on biomarker testing. However, to date, there remains a need for comprehensive European guidance for standardized molecular testing strategies in TC that encompass a broad set of targetable or potentially targetable alterations, timing of testing, and patients to be tested.

The computational insights into the potential anti-cancer activity of natural drug INM-1 against HER2 and EGFR therapeutic targets.

Inophyllamine-I (INM-1), a natural compound derived from plant source, has shown promising potential as an anticancer agent. Our earlier study on INM-1 proved its efficacy against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in mice. This study aimed to investigate the activity of INM-1 against two therapeutic targets human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).

Evaluation of Mid-Palatal Suture Maturation Stage in Adolescents and Adults Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)- A Comparative Study.

Background: Several methods have been described in orthodontics for the evaluation of the skeletal age. These include hand-wrist radiography and cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) based on lateral cephalogram. Computed tomography (CT) scan has emerged as an effective tool for image diagnosis in situ.

Oral health literacy of patients attending community dental outreach program: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Limited health literacy among adults contributes to poor health outcomes. Low health and oral health literacy (OHL) are particularly more visible among rural population of developing countries.

Objective: The present study was done to assess OHL among patients attending a community dental outreach program in Punjab, India.

Validation of the Sudbury Vertigo Risk Score to risk stratify for a serious cause of vertigo.

Introduction: In 2022, nearly 0.5 million Canadians visited an emergency department (ED) for dizziness, accounting for over 3.5% of all ED visits.

Effect of Extrusion Conditions on the Characteristics of Texturized Vegetable Protein from a Faba Bean Protein Mix and Its Application in Vegan and Hybrid Burgers.

The aim of this study was to produce texturized vegetable proteins (TVPs) from faba bean protein via low-moisture extrusion. The effect of extrusion variables including temperature (110, 125, and 140 °C at the die), feed moisture content (30, 35, and 40%), and screw speed (200, 300, and 400 rpm) on the TVP properties were investigated. An increase in feed moisture content or extruder temperature reduced the specific mechanical energy and torque by 40-45% during extrusion.

Real-World Observational Study of Incidence and Outcomes in an HR+/HER2- Early Breast Cancer Population with High-Risk of Recurrence in Finland.

Introduction: Real-world data on patients with early breast cancer (EBC) with high-risk features remains limited. This population-based study determined the incidence, outcomes and characteristics of patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor 2 receptor (HER2)-negative EBC with high-risk features treated in everyday clinical care in two Finnish hospital districts which represent approximately 40% (2.5 million) of the total Finnish population (5.

Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Self-Assembling Peptide (P11-4), Bioactive Glass, and Arginine Bicarbonate Remineralizing Agents on Simulated Carious Lesion.

Objectives: Evaluation of effectiveness of bioactive glass, self-assembling peptide (P11-4), and arginine bicarbonate remineralizing agents on simulated carious lesion.

Material And Methods: This research was conducted using 40 human premolar teeth that had just been removed. Remineralization of demineralized teeth was carried out three times a day for 14 days for 5 minutes using the appropriate remineralizing agents (Group A: calcium sodium phosphosilicate (bioactive glass), Group B: self-assembling peptide (P11-4), Group C: arginine bicarbonate remineralizing agents, and control group: Group D: deionized water).

Assessment of Herbal Medicament in Treatment of Oral Lichen Planus Lesion.

Objectives: Comparative assessment of effectiveness of topical coconut cream, pomegranate, and Tacrolimus 0.1% in treatment of oral lichen planus (OLP) lesion.

Materials And Methods: Thirty patients with histologically confirmed symptomatic OLP exhibiting gingival manifestation were included in this investigation.

Comparative effectiveness of insulin glargine, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in veterans with type 2 diabetes.

Aims: To compare the risk of all-cause death and cardiovascular events in new users of insulin glargine, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), particularly in subgroups defined by baseline haemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), body mass index (BMI) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).

Materials And Methods: We conducted an active comparator, new user design study in a national cohort of 161 405 veterans with type 2 diabetes (T2D) on metformin and initiated insulin glargine (n = 54 375), GLP-1RA (n = 22 145) or SGLT2i (n = 84 885) between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2021. Patients were followed until 31 March 2023.

Droplet digital PCR technique is ultrasensitive for the quantification of covalently closed circular DNA in the blood of chronic HBV-infected patients.

Background: Covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) is a stable, episomal form of HBV DNA. cccDNA is a true marker for the intrahepatic events in controlled CHB infection. Quantifying cccDNA is critical for monitoring disease progression, and efficacy of anti-viral therapies.

From Plant to Pathway: Molecular Mechanisms of Ruscogenin in Preventing Amyloid-Beta Aggregation through Computational and Experimental Approaches.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque accumulation, and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. Recent efforts to find effective therapies have increased interest in natural compounds with multifaceted effects on AD pathology. This study explores natural compounds for their potential to mitigate AD pathology using molecular docking, ADME screening, and assays, with ruscogenin─a steroidal sapogenin from emerging as a promising candidate.

Topical Sunscreens: A Narrative Review for Contact Sensitivity, Potential Allergens, Clinical Evaluation, and Management for their Optimal Use in Clinical Practice.

Topical sunscreens decrease the quantity of ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun reaching the skin by either blocking or scattering it and help protect the skin from dyspigmentation, photoaging, DNA damage, and photocarcinogenesis, especially in photosensitive individuals. The significant role played by visible light and infrared light in skin pigmentation and photoaging has been recognized in recent years. The majority of broad-spectrum sunscreens protect against UV-B (290-320nm) and UV-A (320-400nm) radiation.

Correction: Psychological distress and burnout among healthcare worker during COVID-19 pandemic in India-A cross-sectional study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Effects of blood donor characteristics and storage on red blood cell haemoglobin β S-nitrosylation.

Background And Objectives: In the setting of tissue hypoxia, S-nitrosylated haemoglobin (SNO-Hb) plays crucial roles in the control of blood flow. This is associated with decreased oxygen affinity to haemoglobin and increase in tissue oxygenation. Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is primarily performed to improve tissue oxygenation in anaemic patients.

Optimized technique for speaker changes detection in multispeaker audio recording using pyknogram and efficient distance metric.

Segmentation process is very popular in Speech recognition, word count, speaker indexing and speaker diarization process. This paper describes the speaker segmentation system which detects the speaker change point in an audio recording of multi speakers with the help of feature extraction and proposed distance metric algorithms. In this new approach, pre-processing of audio stream includes noise reduction, speech compression by using discrete wavelet transform (Daubechies wavelet 'db40' at level 2) and framing.

Navigating liver health with metabolomics: A comprehensive review.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the main cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, affecting one-fourth of the world's population. With more than half of the world's population, the Asia-Pacific region contributed 62.6 % of liver-related fatal incidents in 2015.