Revolutionizing Wearable Sensor Data Analysis With an Automated Decision-Making Model for Enhanced Human Activity Detection.

Human Activity Recognition (HAR) stands as a crucial technology, with applications ranging from healthcare monitoring to sports analytics. However, the traditional approach to HAR is often time-consuming and susceptible to human errors due to the high complexities involved in processing diverse sensor data. Recognizing the imperative for efficiency and accuracy in HAR systems, we propose the development of an Automated Decision-maker (ADM) system.

Epicardial adipose tissue, functional status and invasive hemodynamics in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

Background: EAT may play a role in the pathophysiology of HFpEF.

Objectives: This study examined associations between increased epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), functional status and invasive exercise hemodynamics in a large cohort of heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) patients.

Methods: All patients underwent echocardiography, 6-minute walk distance (MWD) test, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) and invasive hemodynamic assessment at rest and during ergometry.

Enhancing cellulose-rich polylactic acid (PLA)-rice residue-reinforced sustainable biocomposites: Influence of chemical pretreatments on strengthening the thermomechanical properties of biocomposite materials.

A systematic study was conducted to optimize chemical pretreatments of rice husk (RH) and rice straw (RS) fibers for reinforcing polylactic acid (PLA) biocomposites. Using a Central Composite Design (CCD), the effects of NaOH, HCl, and H₂SO₄ treatments were evaluated over a range of concentration (0.35 to 0.

A functional iterative approach for twin bounded support vector machine with squared pinball loss (Spin-FITBSVM).

Twin support vector machine (TSVM) plays a significant role in strengthening the generalization performance in the area of binary classification by considering a couple of smaller-sized quadratic programming problems (QPPs). It takes significantly lower learning cost in contrast to support vector machine (SVM). However, it is less stable and sensitive towards noise, like SVM, which is one of the drawbacks that motivates making an algorithm more robust.

Bioimpedance a Diagnostic Tool for Tobacco-induced Oral Lesions - A Mixed Model Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has recently developed as a novel diagnostic device for screening and evaluating cervical dysplasia, prostate cancer, breast cancer, and basal cell carcinoma. The current study aimed to validate and evaluate bioimpedance as a diagnostic tool for tobacco-induced oral lesions.

Methodology: The study comprised 50 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) tissue specimens for study and 320 subjects for study.

CDS-PD: A Novel Clinical Decision Support Platform for Parkinson's Disease.

Objectives: The Movement Disorders Society clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinson's disease (MDS-PD) allow highly sensitive and specific diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. However, their adoption has been limited due to lack of a clinical decision support (CDS) tool to support clinicians and researchers in systematically and accurately applying the MDS-PD criteria.

Materials And Methods: We have developed and evaluated a CDS platform for PD (CDS-PD) as a modular and extensible informatics platform with comprehensive functionalities for recording relevant patient information.

Cardio-rheumatology: integrated care and the opportunities for personalized medicine.

While severe vasculopathic manifestations of systemic sclerosis (SSc) are well-recognized, characterization of subclinical progressive vasculopathy contributing to cardiac involvement remains an unmet clinical need. This review highlights the evolving understanding of SSc heart involvement (SHI), including current standard clinical cardiac evaluation methods, prevalence of various cardiac manifestations of SHI, and advances at the forefront of precision medicine. Informed by this growing body of literature, we describe the development of a novel interdisciplinary cardio-rheumatology clinic at the Vanderbilt University Medical Center.

Leveraging a novel nanocomposite for enhanced drilling fluid efficiency.

The efficient formulation of drilling fluids is critical for maintaining stability and performance in demanding wellbore environments. In this study, a novel nanocomposite material (TiO/Saponin/Zr) was synthesized and introduced into drilling fluid formulations to enhance rheological behavior, filtration control, and thermal stability. The synthesis involved sol-gel methods, FTIR, TGA, and SEM analyses, confirming the material's successful functionalization and nanoscale structure.

Integrated multiomics of pressure overload in the human heart prioritizes targets relevant to heart failure.

Pressure overload initiates a series of alterations in the human heart that predate macroscopic organ-level remodeling and downstream heart failure. We study aortic stenosis through integrated proteomic, tissue transcriptomic, and genetic methods to prioritize targets causal in human heart failure. First, we identify the circulating proteome of cardiac remodeling in aortic stenosis, specifying known and previously-unknown mediators of fibrosis, hypertrophy, and oxidative stress, several associated with interstitial fibrosis in a separate cohort (N = 145).

Interparticle Crosslinked Ion-Responsive Microgels for 3D and 4D (Bio)Printing Applications.

Microgels offer unique advantages over bulk hydrogels due to their improved diffusion limits for oxygen and nutrients. Particularly, stimuli-responsive microgels with inherently bioactive and self-supporting properties emerge as highly promising biomaterials. This study unveils the development of interparticle-crosslinked, self-supporting, ion-responsive microgels tailored for 3D and 4D (bio)printing applications.

The Expression of Laminin-5 in Malignant Lesions of the Oral Cavity and Its Association With the Aggressiveness of the Tumor.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) constitutes a major subset of head and neck cancers, with significant variability in clinical outcomes. Laminin-5, a key extracellular matrix protein involved in cell adhesion and invasion, may serve as a biomarker for tumor aggressiveness. This cross-sectional study involved 30 histologically confirmed OSCC patients who underwent surgical excision at Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi.

A study of correlation of cheiloscopy, fingerprint patterns and palatoscopy in skeletal malocclusions.

Objective: For early diagnosis of malocclusion various methods such as lip prints, fingerprints and palatal rugae have been studied in the past, however, this study was unique in that it takes into consideration three factors i.e., lip prints, fingerprints and palatal rugae simultaneously to correlate with malocclusion.

Circulating gut microbial metabolites and risk of coronary heart disease: a prospective, multi-stage study.

Background: Despite growing evidence linking gut microbiota and microbial metabolites to human cardiometabolic health, few studies have systematically examined circulating microbial metabolites with incident coronary heart disease (CHD).

Methods: We conducted a multi-stage metabolomics study involving five prospective cohorts. Discovery involved an untargeted plasma metabolite profiling among 896 incident cases and 896 age-/sex-/race-matched controls (∼300 pairs per race: Black, White, Asian) from the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS) and Shanghai Women's Health Study and Shanghai Men's Health Study (SWHS/SMHS).

Corticospinal Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation Propelling Sensorimotor Function Recovery in Complete Spinal Cord Injury: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) is a noninvasive stimulation technique to induce neuronal and synaptic plasticity. The induced cortical plasticity is imperative in the recovery of motor and sensory functions. Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes damage to neurons and results in sensorimotor dysfunction.

A Dataset of Medical Questions Paired with Automatically Generated Answers and Evidence-supported References.

New Large Language Models (LLM)-based approaches to medical Question Answering show unprecedented improvements in the fluency, grammaticality, and other qualities of the generated answers. However, the systems occasionally produce coherent, topically relevant, and plausible answers that are not based on facts and may be misleading and even harmful. New types of datasets are needed to evaluate the truthfulness of generated answers and develop reliable approaches for detecting answers that are not supported by evidence.

Predicting Heart Failure Outcomes Using Patient-Reported Health Status: Real-World Validation of the KCCQ-12.

Background: The Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire-12 (KCCQ-12), a patient-reported outcome measure for adults with heart failure, is associated with hospitalizations and mortality in clinical trials. Curated data sets from controlled trials differ substantially from pragmatic data collected from real-world settings, however, and few data exist on the KCCQ-12's predictive utility in clinical practice.

Objectives: This study sought to evaluate the predictive utility of the KCCQ-12 for hospitalizations and mortality when administered during outpatient heart failure care.

French Type Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland as a Sustainable Solution for Domestic Sewage Treatment.

In order to mitigate the risk posed by discharge of untreated wastewater and enhance the quality of wastewater prior to its release or reuse, it is important to adopt nature based treatment technologies. The current study was performed with objective to treat the primary treated sewage collected from a traditional Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) based Sewage treatment plant (STP) by using a two-stage French Type Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland (FVFCW). This pilot-scale study was undertaken in Banaras Hindu University Campus Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh.

Mitigating fines migration in low salinity water flooding of clay rich sandstones using TiO Saponin Zr nanocomposites.

Mitigating formation damage due to fines migration is crucial for maintaining reservoir productivity in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes. This research introduces a novel composite, Titanium dioxide nanoparticles coated with Saponin and Zirconium (TiO@Saponin/Zr(IV)), synthesized via a sol-gel method, to address this challenge, particularly in low salinity water injection scenarios. Characterization through FT-IR confirmed successful functionalization, indicated by the Zr-O band at 480 cm and saponin bands around 1030-1085 cm and 2919-2850 cm.

Assessment of Quality of Life in Chronic Otitis Media Patients Undergoing Type I Tympanoplasty.

Introduction: Chronic otitis media (COM) contributes to considerable morbidity, with hearing loss and tympanic membrane perforations negatively affecting quality of life (QOL). This study aims to assess the outcomes following tympanoplasty in patients with unilateral mucosal COM, with a focus on health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) using the Chronic Otitis Media Outcome Test 15 (COMOT-15) questionnaire, in addition to evaluating audiological and surgical results.

Methodology: A prospective study of 70 patients undergoing Type I tympanoplasty was conducted from April 2023 to July 2024 in a tertiary care hospital in Delhi.

Traumatic Cervical Spondyloptosis: A Comprehensive Analysis of 16 Cases at a Level 1 Trauma Center in a Developing Nation.

Background: Traumatic cervical spondyloptosis (TCS) is a rare and the most severe form of cervical spine injury.

Aims/objective: The primary and secondary objectives were assessment of improvement in neurological status and rate of complications respectively.

Methods: Sixteen patients of TCS operated between 2015 and 2019 were included.

Hybrid AI models for thermal imaging and analysis of neurological disorders using thermoplasmonics.

This paper describes a novel Artificial Intelligence-based approach to predict and analyse heat distribution in multi-tiered tissue structures by using plasmonic nanoparticle enhanced Multi-Spectral Thermal Imaging (MSTI). The optimization problem combines biophysical simulation with innovative machine learning techniques to improve the thermal mapping and analysis of biological tissues. The described technique uses gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles of sizes 25-35 nm, being characteristic of their thermoplasmonic properties and capable of obtaining high-resolution thermal images through multi-spectral imaging.

Adaptive optimization of natural coagulants using hybrid machine learning approach for sustainable water treatment.

The efficiency optimization methods for natural coagulants are often restricted due to non-scientific trial-and-error approaches. They are inaccurate in predicting the complex interactions of jet mixing parameters, coagulant dosage, and environmental conditions. To overcome these obstacles, this research paper proposes advanced hybrid models in machine learning to enhance flocculation efficiency.

Nanotechnology Assisted Drug Delivery Strategies for Chemotherapy: Recent Advances and Future Prospects.

In pursuit of the treatment of cancer, nanotechnology engineering has emerged as the simplest and most effective means, with the potential to deliver antitumor chemotherapeutics at the targeted site. Employing nanotechnology for drug delivery provides diverse nanosize particles ranging from one to a thousand nanometers. Reduced size improves drug bioavailability by increasing drug diffusion and decreasing the efflux rate.