Hesperidin mitigates lead-induced neurotoxicity via TFEB-dependent restoration of mitochondrial function, oxidative balance, and neuroinflammation in rats.

Lead (Pb) neurotoxicity remains a global concern, causing irreversible cognitive and motor impairments through mechanisms like mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation. Transcription Factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy that also coordinates mitochondrial function, has emerged as a novel target in neuroprotection. This study evaluated the neuroprotective potential of hesperidin (natural flavonoid) against Pb-induced neurotoxicity, with a focus on the role of TFEB.

A clinical practice guideline for tuberculous meningitis.

Tuberculous meningitis is the most severe form of tuberculosis, causing death or disability in around half of those affected. There are no up-to-date international guidelines defining its optimal management. Therefore, the Tuberculous Meningitis International Research Consortium conducted a systematic review of available evidence to address key management questions and to develop practice guidance.

Neuroprotective effect of Tozasertib in Streptozotocin-induced alzheimer's mice model.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is responsible for more than 80% of cases of dementia in senior individuals globally. In the current study, the role of modulation of the FGF1/PI3K/Akt pathway in the protective effect of tozasertib was evaluated. Experimental dementia was induced in mice by injecting streptozotocin (STZ) intracerebroventricularly.

Artificial Intelligence Empowers Novice Users to Acquire Diagnostic-Quality Echocardiography.

Background: Cardiac ultrasound exams provide real-time data to guide clinical decisions but require highly trained sonographers. Artificial intelligence (AI) that uses deep learning algorithms to guide novices in the acquisition of diagnostic echocardiographic studies may broaden access and improve care.

Objectives: The objective of this trial was to evaluate whether nurses without previous ultrasound experience (novices) could obtain diagnostic-quality acquisitions of 10 echocardiographic views using AI-based software.

PERK activation mediates neuroprotection against chronic unpredictable stress-induced neurobehavioral changes via the TFEB pathway.

Chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) is a significant contributor to neurobehavioral changes, via disrupted cellular homeostasis, corticosterone and altered neurotransmitter dynamics. The PERK (Protein Kinase RNA-like Endoplasmic Reticulum Kinase)-TFEB (Transcription factor EB) pathway integrates stress responses with autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis to maintain cellular resilience, influencing oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Hence, this study was intended to explore the possible involvement of PERK-TFEB pathway in mediating the neuroprotective effects of SB202190 (a PERK activator) in mitigating neurobehavioral changes induced by CUS.

Fortifying the Rasamsonia emersonii secretome with recombinant cellobiohydrolase (GH7) for efficient biomass saccharification.

GH7 cellobiohydrolases (CBH1s) are essential for depolymerizing crystalline cellulose, yet the hypercellulolytic thermophile Rasamsonia emersonii secretes them only in low amounts, leaving a gap in its native enzyme cocktail. To see whether a cognate CBH1 could fill this gap and how it stacks up against the industrial workhorse strain Trichoderma reesei Cel7A, we codon optimized the R. emersonii gene (Rem_GH7CBHI), expressed it in Pichia pastoris and purified the recombinant enzyme for structural and functional analysis.

Piceatannol attenuates chronic unpredictable stress-induced neurobehavioral deficits in mice via SIRT1-mediated modulation of neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neurotransmitter imbalance.

Exposure to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) serves as the major contributor for the neurobehavioral changes. The current study explores the possible involvement of the SIRT1 pathway in mediating the neuroprotective properties of piceatannol in CUS induced neurobehavioral changes. Molecular docking studies showed binding interactions of piceatannol with SIRT1, suggesting that it may modulate SIRT1 activity.

Antidepressant potential of fruit extract and diet: behavioral and physiological effects in mice models.

is a popular fruit valued for its nutritive and diverse medicinal activities. Traditionally, it is used for its varied effects, including those on the central nervous system. The present study investigated the effect of hydroethanolic extract and diet enriched with papaya fruit on depression-like behavior in mice.

Stakeholder's Perspectives on the Barriers and Facilitators of Childhood Cancer Care in India.

Objective: To explore the stakeholders' perspectives on barriers and facilitators influencing childhood cancer care delivery in India.

Methods: A nationwide survey was conducted across 26 states and 4 Union Territories, involving childhood cancer physicians from tertiary and secondary hospitals, state nodal officers (SNOs) for the National Programme for Control of Non-Communicable Diseases (NP-NCD), and representatives from Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). A hub-and-spoke sampling model was employed, with designated tertiary hospitals coordinating data collection from secondary hospitals.

Heterologous Expression of Thermostable Endoglucanases from Rasamsonia emersonii: A Paradigm Shift in Biomass Hydrolysis.

In this study, two thermostable endoglucanases (Rem_GH5EG and Rem_GH7EG) from Rasamsonia emersonii were heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris and characterized to evaluate their potential for industrial biomass saccharification. Rem_GH5EG demonstrated markedly superior catalytic efficiency toward barley β-glucan (kcat/Km = 6.3 × 10/mg mL/min), while Rem_GH7EG exhibited a preference for carboxymethyl cellulose (kcat/Km = 1.

Recent Advancements, Patents, and Scientific Insights into the Biomedical Soft Robots Using Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology.

This study investigates the most recent advancements in the field of biomedical soft robotics, with a primary emphasis on the integration of nanomaterials and nanotechnology. It underscores the biocompatibility, flexibility, and performance of soft robots by emphasizing critical advancements in nanomaterials, robotics, and biomedical applications. Nanomaterials can improve the biocompatibility and mechanical qualities of soft robots used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

Effectiveness and safety of shortened intensive treatment for children with tuberculous meningitis (SURE): a protocol for a phase 3 randomised controlled trial evaluating 6 months of antituberculosis therapy and 8 weeks of aspirin in Asian and African children with tuberculous meningitis.

Introduction: Childhood tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a devastating disease. The long-standing WHO recommendation for treatment is 2 months of intensive phase with isoniazid (H), rifampicin (R), pyrazinamide (Z) and ethambutol (E), followed by 10 months of isoniazid and rifampicin. In 2022, WHO released a conditional recommendation that 6 months of intensified antituberculosis therapy (ATT) could be used as an alternative for drug-susceptible TBM.

Emerging evidence to reduce the burden of tuberculosis in children and young people.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health challenge. Children, adolescents, and young mothers are high-risk populations for TB with unique challenges and needs. Children are often misdiagnosed or diagnosed too late, resulting in long-term sequelae or mortality, while adolescents, despite having more recognizable adult-type TB and being an important source of community transmission, can be difficult to engage in care as they often fall between pediatric and adult models of care.

Intravascular brachytherapy for the management of drug-eluting in-stent restenosis.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the utilization and clinical outcomes of coronary intravascular brachytherapy (IVBT) as a treatment modality for multilayer in-stent restenosis (ISR).

Methods: This multicenter study retrospectively analyzed 101 patients who presented for percutaneous intervention of recurrent drug-eluting stent ISR using IVBT from 2019 to 2023. The primary outcome assessed was target lesion revascularization (TLR) at 1 year.

Isolation and evaluation of rhoifolin: an anxiolytic flavonoid from Macfayden var. leaves.

species have a history of use in treating neurological conditions like insomnia, anxiety, and nervousness, though these claims lack exhaustive validation. This study evaluated the anxiolytic activity of Macfayden var. redblush leaves, aiming to isolate and characterise the bioactive constituent.

Genistein: A promising ally in combating neurodegenerative disorders.

Neurodegenerative disorders arise when nerve cells in the brain or peripheral nervous system gradually lose functions and eventually die. Although certain therapies may alleviate some of the physical and mental symptoms associated with neurodegenerative disorders, hence slowing their progression, but no sure-shot treatment is currently available. It was shown that the rise in life expectancy and the number of elderly people in the community led to an increasing trend in the incidence and prevalence of neurodegenerative disease.

Testing mixed metal bimetallic, and monometallic, cryptates for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution.

Appropriately designed catalysts help to minimise the energy required to convert the energy-poor feedstock HO into energy-rich molecular H. Herein, two families of pyridazine-based cryptates, mononuclear [MLi](BF) and mixed metal dinuclear [MCuLi](BF) (M = Fe, Co, Cu or Zn; Li is the Schiff base cryptand made by 2 : 3 condensation of tris(2-aminoethyl)amine and 3,6-diformylpyridazine), are investigated as potential electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in MeCN with acetic acid as the proton source. The synthesis and structures of a new mixed metal cryptate, [ZnCuLi](BF), and the tetrafluoroborate analogue of the previously reported perchlorate salt of the mono-zinc cryptate, [ZnLi](BF)·0.

Treatment of Hypothyroidism by Age and Sex in the United States: A NHANES and Optum Claims Data Analysis.

Objective: Recent data using NHANES and Optum Claims data (OCD) showed an increase in primary hypothyroidism (HT) prevalence in the United States following the 2002 NHANES III report. Using these data, we characterized treatment patterns of overt HT (OHT) in the United States.

Methods: Data on adults with OHT were collected from NHANES (2009-2012) and OCD (2012-2019).

Exploring the Neuroprotective Effects of Rufinamide in a Streptozotocin-Induced Dementia Model.

Due to the complex pathophysiology of AD (Alzheimer's Disease), there are currently no effective clinical treatments available, except for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. However, CREB (cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein) has been identified as the critical factor for the transcription in memory formation. Understanding the effect of potential drugs on the CREB pathway could lead to the development of new therapeutic molecules.

From Manifestations to Innovations: A Deep Dive into Psoriasis, its Clinical Diversity, Conventional Treatments, and Emerging Therapeutic Paradigms.

Psoriasis, a persistent inflammatory dermatological illness, places a significant load on those affected, requiring ongoing investigation into innovative therapies. This review examines the significance of pre-clinical models in defining our comprehension of psoriasis, as well as the valuable insights obtained from clinical trials that aid in developing treatment approaches. The evaluation includes existing established medicines such as topicals, phototherapy, and traditional systemic drugs targeting different pathological mediators of psoriasis.

Ehretia laevis mitigates paracetamol- induced hepatotoxicity by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation in rats.

Hepatotoxicity is caused due to intake of drug or any chemical above the therapeutic range or as overdose. Current therapies for the management of hepatotoxicity are associated with several side effects. The present study was envisaged to explore the hepatoprotective potential of Ehretia laevis (E.

Ten-year outcomes of hybrid coronary revascularization at a single center.

Background: Hybrid coronary revascularization (HCR) is a well-established technique for treating multi-vessel coronary disease. There remains a paucity of discussion assessing the efficacy of HCR with respect to the timing of the surgical component relative to that of the percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods: A retrospective review was undertaken of our prospectively collected database from January 2009 to December 2019.