Exploring the potential of photodynamic therapy in overcoming multidrug resistance: mechanisms, synergies, and clinical advancements in infectious diseases.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) in bacterial and fungal pathogens poses a growing global health crisis, rendering many conventional antimicrobial therapies ineffective. The rise of MDR strains complicates treatment, prolongs illness, increases healthcare costs, and contributes to higher mortality rates. Mechanisms driving MDR include enzymatic drug inactivation, target modification, efflux pump activity, decreased permeability, and biofilm formation-often fueled by horizontal gene transfer and selective pressure from antimicrobial overuse.

Nanotechnology-Enhanced Sunscreens: Balancing Efficacy, Safety, and Environmental Impact.

Sunscreen protects skin from harmful Ultra Violet (UV) rays, preventing skin diseases like cancer and premature aging. This review explores the role of nanotechnology in enhancing sunscreen formulations by incorporating green and sustainable ingredients. Nanoparticles such as titanium dioxide and zinc oxide effectively reflect UV rays, improving protection while minimizing white residue, thereby enhancing aesthetics, stability, and efficacy.

Boosting green hydrogen generation using Zn-substituted CoFeO catalysts prepared by sol-gel technique for water splitting applications.

Hydrogen has the potential to become a suitable alternative to the non-renewable sources like fossil fuels. The higher calorific values and ease of storage makes it better alternative to other renewable sources of energy. But the limiting factor for the usage of hydrogen is its inefficient production.

Computational investigation of potential natural compounds as inhibitors of monkeypox virus cysteine proteinase.

Introduction: Monkeypox is a serious viral illness that is rarely seen but is spread from person to person and from animals to humans. Cysteine proteinase, an essential enzyme involved in the replication of the monkeypox virus (MPXV), is one of many possible therapeutic targets for MPXV. The primary function of this enzyme is to cleave the precursor polyprotein into the distinct proteins required for viral assembly.

Probiotics in Nanotechnology-Driven Wound Healing: From Mechanistic Insight to Clinical Promise.

Chronic wounds, including diabetic foot ulcers and pressure sores, are becoming more prevalent due to aging populations and increased metabolic problems. These wounds often persist due to impaired healing, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens, making conventional treatments-including antibiotics and antiseptics-largely inadequate. This creates an urgent need for advanced, biologically responsive therapies that can both combat infection and promote tissue regeneration.

Eco-friendly QbD-optimized chromatographic method for simultaneous analysis of metronidazole and nicotinamide with applications in permeation, stability, and sustainability evaluation.

Metronidazole (MTZ) and nicotinamide (NCT) are co-formulated in Anaero® gel to treat skin conditions like acne and rosacea through combined antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. This study presents the first validated in vitro permeation test (IVPT) method using Franz cells to assess the gel's drug release profile. Chromatographic separations were conducted with an RP-HPLC-photodiode array (PDA) system equipped with an ODS column using gradient elution of ethanol and phosphate buffer (10 mM, pH 3.

Mpox 2022 to 2025 Update: A Comprehensive Review on Its Complications, Transmission, Diagnosis, and Treatment.

Monkeypox virus (Mpox virus) is a zoonotic orthopoxvirus that has gained increased global attention due to recent outbreaks. The current review reports the latest update of Mpox cases from 25 February 2022 to 29 April 2025. It also evaluates the possible major complications in human life caused by Mpox.

Comprehensive GC-MS Profiling and Multi-Modal Pharmacological Evaluations of : In Vitro and In Vivo Approaches.

is a medicinal plant possessing therapeutic effects in disorders associated with the gastrointestinal (GIT) system. This research aims to study the pharmacological activity of in a multidimensional manner, involving phytochemistry screening and in vitro and in vivo experiments. The whole dried plant was extracted with 80% methanol and further fractionation using solvents of increasing polarity.

Chrysin Mitigates Chromium-Induced Nephrotoxicity Via Modulation of AMPK/SIRT1/NF-κB/p53 Signaling Cascade and PGC-1α Signaling.

Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a hazardous heavy metal that poses serious toxicity to humans, in particular nephrotoxicity. The current work explored the potential nephroprotective impact of chrysin against Cr(VI)-induced nephrotoxicity. Chrysin significantly improved renal functions in the Cr(VI)-treated rats as indicated by decreased levels of urinary protein loss, serum creatinine and urea, and renal lipocalin-2, together with improved renal histopathological picture.

Probiotics integrated to cancer vaccines and their potential for cancer management.

Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms involved in providing valuable effects under several ailments. The beneficial potential of probiotics in cancer prevention and management is already reviewed in a number of studies. However, recent trends are indicating immense potential of probiotics in cancer immunotherapy for prevention and management of cancer.

Global, Regional, and National Burden of Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: The Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Importance: Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) represents the third most common stroke type with unique etiologies, risk factors, diagnostics, and treatments. Nevertheless, epidemiological studies often cluster SAH with other stroke types leaving its distinct burden estimates obscure.

Objective: To estimate the worldwide burden of SAH.

Extracellular vesicles in triple-negative breast cancer: current updates, challenges and future prospects.

Breast cancer (BC) remains a complex and widespread problem, affecting millions of women worldwide, Among the various subtypes of BC, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is particularly challenging, representing approximately 20% of all BC cases, and the survival rate of TNBC patients is generally worse than other subtypes of BC. TNBC is a heterogeneous disease characterized by lack of expression of three receptors: estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), resulting conventional hormonal therapies are ineffective for its management. Despite various therapeutic approaches have been explored, but no definitive solution has been found yet for TNBC.

Molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of statins on bone metabolism: an evolving paradigm of statins delivery modalities for bone regeneration.

Statins, recognized for their lipid-lowering capabilities, have demonstrated osteoanabolic and anti-resorptive effects on bone metabolism. The effects encompass the overexpression of bone morphogenetic proteins, heightened osteoblast activity, and the control of inflammation. Nevertheless, conventional systemic administration of statins has difficulties, including restricted bone bioavailability and possible adverse effects.

Phytochemical baicalin potentially inhibits Bcl-2 and VEGF: an approach.

Background: The rising prevalence of cancer cells exhibits uncontrolled growth and invasive and aggressive properties, leading to metastasis, which poses a significant challenge for global health. Central to cancer development are proteins such as NF-kB, p53, VEGF, and BAX/Bcl-2, which play important roles in angiogenesis, cell apoptosis regulation, and tumor growth.

Methodology: This study evaluates the activity of six different natural as well as novel therapeutic strategies against cancer.

Deciphering the Withania somnifera alkaloids potential for cure of neurodegenerative disease: an in-silico study.

This study investigates the interaction of alkaloids of Withania somnifera with Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), an enzyme implicated in the pathology of various neurodegenerative diseases. Initially, the Withania somnifera phytochemicals were optimised then molecular dockings were performed. The molecular docking results identified key interactions between these alkaloids and active sites of the enzyme.

pH induced structural and conformational changes in nucleocapsid protein leads to intermediate like conformation: a biophysical and computational approach.

Nucleocapsid protein (N) of SARS-CoV-2 is a multivalent protein, which is responsible for viral replication, assembly, packaging and modulates host immune response. In this study, we report conformational measurements of N protein at different pH by observing transition in secondary and tertiary structural contents by biophysical and computational approaches. Spectroscopic measurements revealed that N protein loses its secondary and tertiary structure at extreme acidic pH while maintaining its native conformation at mild acidic and alkaline pH.

Exploring the therapeutic potential of lipid-based nanoparticles in the management of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a highly malignant and invasive tumor with significant mortality and morbidity. Current treatment modalities such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy encounter significant limitations, such as poor targeting, systemic toxicity, and drug resistance. There is an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies that offer targeted delivery, enhanced efficacy, and reduced side effects.

Novel Therapeutic Approach for Obesity: Seaweeds as an Alternative Medicine with the Latest Conventional Therapy.

The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing worldwide. Common comorbidities related to obesity, significantly polygenic disorders, cardiovascular disease, and heart conditions affect social and monetary systems. Over the past decade, research in drug discovery and development has opened new paths for alternative and conventional medicine.

Unraveling cancer progression pathways and phytochemical therapeutic strategies for its management.

Cancer prevention is currently envisioned as a molecular-based approach to prevent carcinogenesis in pre-cancerous stages, i.e., dysplasia and carcinoma .

Unearthing phytochemicals as natural inhibitors for pantothenate synthetase in : A computational approach.

Pantothenate synthetase protein plays a pivotal role in the biosynthesis of coenzyme A (CoA), which is a crucial molecule involved in a number of cellular processes including the metabolism of fatty acid, energy production, and the synthesis of various biomolecules, which is necessary for the survival of (). Therefore, inhibiting this protein could disrupt CoA synthesis, leading to the impairment of vital metabolic processes within the bacterium, ultimately inhibiting its growth and survival. This study employed molecular docking, structure-based virtual screening, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to identify promising phytochemical compounds targeting pantothenate synthetase for tuberculosis (TB) treatment.

In silico molecular screening of bioactive natural compounds of rosemary essential oil and extracts for pharmacological potentials against rhinoviruses.

Rhinoviruses (RVs) cause upper respiratory tract infections and pneumonia in children and adults. These non-enveloped viruses contain viral coats of four capsid proteins: VP1, VP2, VP3, and VP4. The canyon on VP1 used cell surface receptor ICAM-1 as the site of attachment and for the internalization of viruses.

A Retrospective Exploration of Pre-operative Antibiotic Prophylaxis with Cefazolin in Cesarean Sections: Implications for Obstetrics and Gynecologic Surgery.

Post-partum infection is a major contributor to maternal mortality and is responsible for approximately 10% of maternal fatalities worldwide. The risk of infection is substantially higher in cesarean section procedures. Approximately 8% of women who undergo cesarean sections are susceptible to infection.

Structure-based virtual screening methods for the identification of novel phytochemical inhibitors targeting furin protease for the management of COVID-19.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, is a highly contagious respiratory disease with widespread societal impact. The symptoms range from cough, fever, and pneumonia to complications affecting various organs, including the heart, kidneys, and nervous system. Despite various ongoing efforts, no effective drug has been developed to stop the spread of the virus.

Probing protein aggregation through spectroscopic insights and multimodal approaches: A comprehensive review for counteracting neurodegenerative disorders.

Aberrant accumulation of protein misfolding can cause aggregation and fibrillation and is one of the primary characteristic features of neurodegenerative diseases. Because they are disordered, misfolded, and aggregated proteins pose a significant setback in drug designing. The structural study of intermediate steps in these kinds of aggregated proteins will allow us to determine the conformational changes as well as the probable pathways encompassing various neurodegenerative disorders.