Acid-less direct gram scale exfoliation of graphite to partially oxidized graphene.

All methods to synthesize graphene oxide on a large scale utilize a strongly acidic medium. Graphene oxide (GO) to reduced graphene oxide (rGO) conversion, i.e.

Exploring the therapeutic potential of ligand-decorated nanostructured lipid carriers for targeted solid tumor therapy.

Solid tumors present significant therapeutic challenges due to their complex pathophysiology, including poor vascularization, dense extracellular matrix, multidrug resistance, and immune evasion. Conventional treatment strategies, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical interventions, are often associated with systemic toxicity, suboptimal drug accumulation at the tumor site, and chemoresistance. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) have emerged as a promising approach to enhance anticancer therapy.

Genome-wide methylation analysis unveils genes and pathways with altered methylation profiles in pterygium.

Pterygium is a highly prevalent ocular surface disease, particularly in equatorial regions, with no pharmaceutical intervention available and surgical excision remaining the only treatment option. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight is widely recognized as the primary cause of pterygium. While chronic UV exposure induces epigenetic changes in the skin contributing to skin cancer, comprehensive studies on epigenetic alterations in pterygium remain unpublished, and causal relationships have yet to be established.

Acquired Dyschromatopsia and Its Link to Drug Toxicity.

Colour vision defects (CVDs) can be both congenital and acquired, with acquired dyschromatopsia often associated with medication toxicity. This review explores various standardised colour vision tests used to detect these defects, including the Ishihara plate test, Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test, and anomaloscopes. These methods are evaluated for their effectiveness in diagnosing CVDs, particularly in acquired conditions.

Polymer lipid hybrid nanoparticles for phytochemical delivery: challenges, progress, and future prospects.

Phytochemicals, naturally occurring compounds in plants, possess a wide range of therapeutic properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities. However, their clinical application is often hindered by poor water solubility, low bioavailability, rapid metabolism, and instability under physiological conditions. Polymer lipid hybrid nanoparticles (PLHNPs) have emerged as a novel delivery system that combines the advantages of both polymeric and lipid-based nanoparticles to overcome these challenges.

Epigenetics and Asthma: A Systematic Review.

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by the narrowing of the airways, causing difficulty in breathing. Its heritability has long been an area of research, and the study of genetics alone has not been sufficient in the explanation of both its heritability and susceptibility. The study of epigenetics, which is defined as "the study of heritable changes in gene expression that do not involve changes to the underlying DNA sequence," can be used to explain the heritability and susceptibility of asthma.

Exploring the therapeutic potential of lipid-based nanoparticles in the management of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a highly malignant and invasive tumor with significant mortality and morbidity. Current treatment modalities such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy encounter significant limitations, such as poor targeting, systemic toxicity, and drug resistance. There is an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies that offer targeted delivery, enhanced efficacy, and reduced side effects.

Evaluating the benefits of machine learning for diagnosing deep vein thrombosis compared with gold standard ultrasound: a feasibility study.

Background: This study evaluates the feasibility of remote deep venous thrombosis (DVT) diagnosis via ultrasound sequences facilitated by ThinkSono Guidance, an artificial intelligence (AI) app for point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS).

Aim: To assess the effectiveness of AI-guided POCUS conducted by non-specialists in capturing valid ultrasound images for remote diagnosis of DVT.

Design & Setting: Over a 3.

Doppler ultrasound surveillance of recently formed haemodialysis arteriovenous fistula: the SONAR observational cohort study.

Background: Arteriovenous fistulas are considered the best option for haemodialysis provision, but as many as 30% fail to mature or suffer early failure.

Objective: To assess the feasibility of performing a randomised controlled trial that examines whether, by informing early and effective salvage intervention of fistulas that would otherwise fail, Doppler ultrasound surveillance of developing arteriovenous fistulas improves longer-term arteriovenous fistula patency.

Design: A prospective multicentre observational cohort study (the 'SONAR' study).

Early Ultrasound Surveillance of Newly-Created Hemodialysis Arteriovenous Fistula.

Introduction: We assess if ultrasound surveillance of newly-created arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) can predict nonmaturation sufficiently reliably to justify randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluation of ultrasound-directed salvage intervention.

Methods: Consenting adults underwent blinded fortnightly ultrasound scanning of their AVF after creation, with scan characteristics that predicted AVF nonmaturation identified by logistic regression modeling.

Results: Of 333 AVFs created, 65.

Reliability of tomographic 3D ultrasound in measuring internal carotid artery plaque volume.

Background: Tomographic 3D ultrasound (t3DUS) is a promise imaging technique for quantifying carotid plaque through measuring the degree of stenosis and plaque volume. Carotid plaque volume (CPV) could add benefit in predicting the potential risk of stroke.

Purpose: To assess the reproducibility and accuracy of t3DUS for measuring CPV within the internal carotid artery in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy.

Ultrasonic Nonlinearity Experiment due to Plastic Deformation of Aluminum Plate Due to Bending Damage.

The nonlinear ultrasonic evaluation technique is useful for assessing micro-defects and microstructure changes caused by fatigue or bending damage. In particular, the guided wave is advantageous for long-distance testing such as piping and plate. Despite these advantages, the study of nonlinear guided wave propagation has received relatively less attention compared to bulk wave techniques.

Tomographic 3D ultrasound for grading stenosis of superficial femoral artery.

Introduction: Treatment decision of lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is governed by the severity of stenosis. Tomographic 3D ultrasound (t3DUS) is a reliable imaging technique for measuring vessel stenosis. In this study we attempted to provide a precise measurement of superficial femoral artery (SFA) stenosis using t3DUS in patients with PAD.

A Randomized Trial of Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation Versus Alternative Forms of Surgical Cartilage Management in Patients With a Failed Primary Treatment for Chondral or Osteochondral Defects in the Knee.

Background: There are limited randomized controlled trials with long-term outcomes comparing autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) versus alternative forms of surgical cartilage management within the knee.

Purpose: To determine at 5 years after surgery whether ACI was superior to alternative forms of cartilage management in patients after a failed previous treatment for chondral or osteochondral defects in the knee.

Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Compensatory effect of biomass burning on black carbon concentrations during COVID-19 lockdown at a high-altitude station in SW India.

The characteristics of black carbon (BC) aerosols, their sources, and their impact on atmospheric radiative forcing were extensively studied during the COVID-19 lockdown (28th March-31st May 2020) at a high-altitude rural site over the Western Ghats in southwest India. BC concentration and the contribution of BC originating from biomass burning (BC) estimated from the aethalometer model during the lockdown period were compared with the same periods in 2017 and 2018 and with the pre-lockdown period (1st February to March 20, 2020). BC concentrations were 44, 19, and 17% lower during the lockdown period compared with the pre-lockdown periods of 2020 and similar periods (28th March to 31st May) of 2017 and 2018, respectively.

Facile Preparation and Analytical Utility of ZnO/Date Palm Fiber Nanocomposites in Lead Removal from Environmental Water Samples.

This study reports a facile approach for preparing low-cost, eco-friendly nanocomposites of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) and date palm tree fiber (DPF) as a biomass sorbent. The hypothesis of this research work is the formation of an outstanding adsorbent based on the date palm fiber and ZnO nanoparticles. ZnO NP/DPF nanocomposites were synthesized by mixing the synthesized ZnO NPs and DPF in different mass ratios and evaluating their efficacy in adsorbing Pb2+ from aqueous solutions.

Reliability and Accuracy of Tomographic 3-D Ultrasound for Grading Vessel Stenosis: A Phantom Study.

The aim of this phantom study was to assess the accuracy of 3-D tomographic ultrasound (t3DUS) for grading stenosis, using the manufacturer's measurements as the gold standard. The percentage of maximum stenosis was obtained using 2-D ultrasound (2DUS) and t3DUS imaging techniques on a peripheral vascular phantom, including channels with 50%, 75% and 90% stenosis. The inter-observer reproducibility of t3DUS for grading stenosis was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman plots.

Incidence of Enteric Fever in a Pediatric Cohort in North India: Comparison with Estimates from 20 Years Earlier.

Background: An earlier cohort in 1995-1996 showed a very high burden of typhoid in Delhi. Our aim was to estimate the current overall and age-specific incidence of culture-confirmed enteric fever among children aged 6 months to 15 years in Delhi.

Methods: We enrolled a cohort of 6000 children aged 6 months to <14 years in South Delhi and followed them up weekly for 24 months or until 15 completed years of child age, whichever was earlier.

Lipid Nanocarriers for Neurotherapeutics: Introduction, Challenges, Blood-brain Barrier, and Promises of Delivery Approaches.

Significant efforts have been made in research to discover newer neurotherapeutics, however, the rate of reported neurological disorders has been increasing at an alarming speed. Neurotherapeutics delivery in the brain is still posing a significant challenge, owing to the blood-brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. These physiological barriers restrict the passage of systemically available fractions of neurotherapeutics into the brain, owing to low permeability and drug localization factors.

The effect of using nanoparticles in bioactive glass on its antimicrobial properties.

Objectives: This study addresses the effect of using nanoparticles (np) on the antimicrobial properties of bioactive glass (BAG) when used in intracanal medicaments against () biofilms.

Materials And Methods: biofilms, grown inside 90 root canals for 21 days, were randomly divided into 4 groups according to the antimicrobial regimen followed ( = 20; BAG-np, BAG, calcium hydroxide [CaOH], and saline). After 1 week, residual live bacteria were quantified in terms of colony-forming units (CFU), while dead bacteria were assessed with a confocal laser scanning microscope.

Probiotics for the Chemoprotective Role against the Toxic Effect of Cancer Chemotherapy.

Background: Chemo- and radiation therapy-based clinical management of different types of cancers is associated with toxicity and several side effects. Therefore, there is always an unmet need to explore agents that reduce such risk factors. Among these, natural products have attracted much attention because of their potent antioxidant and antitumor effects.

Anatomical pelvic loading of a monoblock polyethylene acetabular component.

Aims: Uncemented metal acetabular components show good osseointegration, but material stiffness causes stress shielding and retroacetabular bone loss. Cemented monoblock polyethylene components load more physiologically; however, the cement bone interface can suffer fibrous encapsulation and loosening. It was hypothesized that an uncemented titanium-sintered monoblock polyethylene component may offer the optimum combination of osseointegration and anatomical loading.