WRN and WRNIP1 ATPases impose high fidelity on translesion synthesis by Y-family DNA polymerases.

Y-family DNA polymerases (Pols) are intrinsically highly error-prone; yet they conduct predominantly error-free translesion synthesis (TLS) in normal human cells. In response to DNA damage, Y-family Pols assemble and function together with WRN, WRNIP1, and Rev1 in TLS. Among these proteins, WRN possesses a 3'→5' exonuclease activity and an ATPase/3'→5' DNA helicase activity, and WRNIP1 has a DNA-dependent ATPase activity.

Alloimmunization and consequential delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions in sickle cell disease patients: A case series.

Alloimmunization is a significant complication of blood transfusion, especially in sickle cell patients, and may lead to a delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction (DHTR). DHTR is defined as evident hemolysis and a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) 24 h to 28 days posttransfusion with either a positive eluate or a newly identified alloantibody in the plasma. Hyperhemolysis syndrome (HS) is a fatal form of DHTR in which the posttransfusion hemoglobin (Hb) level is less than the pretransfusion Hb level.

Identification of antibody specificity using adsorption-elution studies with incompatible packed red cell unit.

Antibody identification is usually performed by antibody identification panels which are specially selected red cells, at least one of which has a homozygous expression for all clinically significant blood group antigens facilitating agglutination upon reaction with specific antibodies even exhibiting dosage. In general, adsorption elution is used in determining antibody specificities in the background of multiple alloantibodies with or without autoantibodies. Herein, we present a classic case where a routine antibody identification panel failed to detect a solo antibody from patient serum, following which we tested the eluate obtained after adsorption with a cross-match incompatible packed red blood cell unit using the same antibody identification panel, which unveiled the Fy antibody.

Feasibility and Safety of Percutaneous Device Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Neonates: Experience From a Single Center in Northern India.

Objective: To report the feasibility and safety of percutaneous device closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm neonates from a tertiary center in Northern India.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of the clinical profile, nature of device used, and outcomes of inborn preterm neonates who underwent percutaneous device closure of PDA was conducted. The intervention was performed by experienced pediatric cardiologists using a transvenous approach under fluoroscopic guidance.

Integrated modeling approach for assessing sustainable concrete incorporating waste glass powder: a finite element and deep learning perspective.

The construction industry's growing concern for sustainable practices has led to the exploration of alternative materials to replace traditional components in concrete production. One such promising material is glass powder, a byproduct of the glass industry. This study proposes a finite element method (FEM) and deep learning (DL)-based model to assess the structural and mechanical properties of concrete when incorporating waste glass powder (WGP) as a partial replacement for traditional cementitious materials.

Microbiome Engineering for Biotherapeutic in Alzheimer's Disease Through the Gut-Brain Axis: Potentials and Limitations.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by considerable cognitive decline and functional impairment, primarily due to the progressive alteration of neurons, microglia, and astrocytes. Pathological manifestations of AD include the loss of synaptic plasticity, reduction in synaptic strength by amyloid-beta, aggregation, and neurotoxicity from tau protein post-translational modifications, all contributing to the disruption of neural networks. Despite its current pharmacological treatment for AD, different approaches to treat such disease are being developed, from a microbiome perspective.

Establishing Halomonas as a chassis for industrial biotechnology: advances in synthetic biology tool development and metabolic engineering strategies.

Background: Halomonas species have recently emerged as promising chassis organisms for next-generation industrial biotechnology, due to their ability to thrive under high-salt conditions, where most microorganisms cannot survive. This feature minimizes contamination risks, thus enabling cultivation under open, unsterile conditions. In addition, many Halomonas species naturally produce large amounts of the bioplastic polyhydroxybutyrate and the high-value osmolyte ectoine.

Incidence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Associated Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Until 6 months of Corrected Age in Preterm Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Pilot Prospective Cohort Study.

Objectives: To determine the incidence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-associated lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

Methods: Preterm infants < 32 wk' gestation and requiring oxygen till day 28 of life were prospectively followed up till 6 mo of corrected age. Nasopharyngeal swab sample was collected in infants with suspected LRTI within 48 h and processed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for RSV and other viral pathogens.

Gene Expression Depends on the Interplay Among Growth, Resource Biogenesis, and Nutrient Quality.

The gene expression capacity of bacteria depends on the interplay between growth and the availability of the transcriptional and translational machinery. Growth rate is accepted as the physiological parameter controlling the allocation of cellular resources. Understanding the relationship between growth and resources is key for the efficient design of genetic constructs, but it is obscured by the mutual dependence between growth and gene expression.

Investigating discrepancies and false positives in immunohematology tests using gel cards: insights from a case study on antibodies targeting the gel card matrix.

Introduction: Discrepancies in gel card immunohematologic testing can result in false-positive reactions, making detecting antibodies and performing crossmatching difficult. Such unexpected reactivity may result from interactions with test system components, including the column matrix, chemicals, or reagents, rather than true antigen-antibody binding. Accurate identification and resolution of these discrepancies are crucial to prevent delays in transfusion and ensure patient safety.

Emerging variants of Mpox virus and tecovirimat resistance: Genomic insights and implications for treatment strategies.

Mpox is a zoonotic viral infection caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV) genus Orthopoxvirus. The MPXV, possesses a large and complex double-stranded DNA genome, encoding approximately 190 genes. The virus has gained attention due to recent outbreaks and the emergence of resistant variants.

Incidence of oral cancer due to tobacco and alcohol use.

This study aims to evaluate the trends in oral cancer incidence in relation to tobacco and alcohol use, analyzing clinical data from the past three years to uncover patterns and potential correlations. A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from 200 patients diagnosed with oral cancer within the last three years. Information regarding their tobacco and alcohol consumption was gathered and analyzed to identify trends and correlations with oral cancer incidence.

The impact of isotonic applied muscle tension in reducing the vasovagal event in first-time blood donors: A cohort study.

Background And Objectives: Prevention of vasovagal events has been a major concern for blood centres to reduce the negative impact of decreased donor return for whole blood donation. This study aims to find out the effectiveness of applied muscle tension in reducing vasovagal events in first-time blood donors.

Materials And Methods: This cohort study involves the active application of applied muscle tension given by the donor with an inbuilt mechanism through an adjustable spring-fitted footrest in the blood donor couch (Remi India Pvt.

EHBP1 suppresses liver fibrosis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.

Excess cholesterol accumulation contributes to fibrogenesis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), but how hepatic cholesterol metabolism becomes dysregulated in MASH is not completely understood. We show that human fibrotic MASH livers have decreased EH-domain-binding protein 1 (EHBP1), a genome-wide association study (GWAS) locus associated with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and that EHBP1 loss- and gain-of-function increase and decrease MASH fibrosis in mice, respectively. Mechanistic studies reveal that EHBP1 promotes sortilin-mediated PCSK9 secretion, leading to LDL receptor (LDLR) degradation, decreased LDL uptake, and reduced TAZ, a fibrogenic effector.

Fluid Management in ELGANs: Striking the Perfect Balance!

Managing fluid and electrolytes in extremely low gestational age neonates (ELGANs) is often challenging because of their distinctive fluid physiology. Most of the fluid loss in the first week of life is trans-epidermal due to the immature barrier function of the skin. ELGANs also have a developmental tendency for exaggerated diuresis and natriuresis.

and Interventions Reveal the Health Benefits of Levan-Type Exopolysaccharide Produced by a Fish Gut Isolate FW2.

Microorganisms synthesize diverse types of exopolysaccharides (EPSs). EPSs with varying structural and physical properties can demonstrate unique health benefits, which allow for their tailored applications as functional foods such as prebiotics. Levan, a fructose-based EPS, is gaining considerable attention as an effective prebiotic to support the growth of beneficial gut bacteria.

Comparing innovative artificial intelligence algorithms to assess echocardiographic videos for clinical modeling.

Objective: To use multiple dynamic deep learning algorithms to develop predictive models with video-based echocardiographic images using sample size determination as a key variable to assess optimal performance metrics.

Methods: Our study compares performance of 3-dimensional convolutional neural networks, video vision transformers, and hybrid convolutional neural networks and long short-term memory models within both supervised learning and semi-supervised learning (SSL) domains using variable sample sizes.

Results: For supervised learning, the ResNet3D model achieved the lowest mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean squared error (RMSE) across all training set sizes (200-, 400-, and 800-video datasets), with the best performance observed on the 800-video training set (MAE = 7.

The impact of Asian-Indian criteria for higher body mass index and preservative solutions on haemolysis of stored red blood cells: A prospective observational study.

Introduction: The quality of packed red blood cells (PRBC) is influenced by various factors such as the collection and processing method, storage conditions, type of bag materials used, anticoagulant properties, and donor characteristics. Studies have indicated that haemolysis in stored RBC bags is linked to male sex, older age, high haemoglobin count, and increased body mass index (BMI). The study's primary objective was to investigate whether a high BMI, as per Asian Pacific criteria among donors, is associated with an elevated haemolysis rate in stored RBC.

Drug Discovery in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: Transformative Target-Based Approaches.

The complexities inherent in drug development are multi-faceted and often hamper accuracy, speed and efficiency, thereby limiting success. This review explores how recent developments in machine learning (ML) are significantly impacting target-based drug discovery, particularly in small-molecule approaches. The Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System (SMILES), which translates a chemical compound's three-dimensional structure into a string of symbols, is now widely used in drug design, mining, and repurposing.

Baculovirus Expressing Tumor Growth Factor-β1 (TGFβ1) Nanoshuttle Augments Therapeutic Effects for Vascular Wound Healing: Design and In Vitro Analysis.

One of the major challenges in vascular tissue regeneration is effective wound healing that can be resolved by an innovative targeted nanoshuttle that delivers growth factors to blood vessels. This study investigates the production and efficacy of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) gene delivery using poly(lactic--glycolic acid) (PLGA) baculovirus (BV) nanoshuttles (NSs). They exhibited an encapsulation efficiency of 86.