Iodine status in relation to iodized salt consumption by the adult population of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan.

Iodine is an essential micronutrient required by the human body. While about 80% of households in Pakistan reportedly use iodized salt, localized data, specifically from regions like Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) remain limited. The area's geography and mineral-depleted soils may contribute to persistent iodine deficiency in the population.

Integrated insight and in silico investigation of hybrid -thiazolidinone derivatives along with anti-Alzheimer activity.

Unlabelled: In the current study, a novel route was established for the synthesis of hybrid benzothiazole derived thiazole bearing -thiazolidinone-chalcone (1-15) scaffolds. These compounds were screened for their biological potential as anti-Alzheimer therapeutic agents by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzymes. The biological evaluation and molecular docking studies revealed that most of the synthesized compounds exhibited significant inhibitory activity against both enzymes, outperforming the standard drug, donepezil.

Experimental and computational analysis of benzothiophene as a selective inhibitors of diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes mellitus results in chronic hyperglycemia, affecting more than one hundred million people over the world. To treat diabetes mellitus, novel benzothiophene-derived thiadiazole analogues (1-17) were synthesized to biological assess their potential as lead inhibitors of both diabetic enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase). These compounds showed quite remarkable potency against both enzymes and emerged as anti-diabetic agents.

Synthesis, Molecular Simulation, DFT, and Kinetic Study of Imidazotriazole-Based Thiazolidinone as Dual Inhibitor of Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Enzymes.

Alzheimer's disease is a complex and multifactorial brain disorder characterized by gradual memory impairment, cognitive disturbance, and severe dementia, and, ultimately, its progression leads to patient death. This research work presents the design, synthesis, and characterization of novel imidazotriazole-based thiazolidinone derivatives (-), displaying promising anti-Alzheimer's activity. These derivatives were synthesized by using 1-imidazole-2-thiol as a starting reagent.

and Interventions Reveal the Health Benefits of Levan-Type Exopolysaccharide Produced by a Fish Gut Isolate FW2.

Microorganisms synthesize diverse types of exopolysaccharides (EPSs). EPSs with varying structural and physical properties can demonstrate unique health benefits, which allow for their tailored applications as functional foods such as prebiotics. Levan, a fructose-based EPS, is gaining considerable attention as an effective prebiotic to support the growth of beneficial gut bacteria.

Clinical and genetic characterization of a progressive RBL2-associated neurodevelopmental disorder.

Retinoblastoma (RB) proteins are highly conserved transcriptional regulators that play important roles during development by regulating cell-cycle gene expression. RBL2 dysfunction has been linked to a severe neurodevelopmental disorder. However, to date, clinical features have been described in only six individuals carrying five biallelic predicted loss-of-function (pLOF) variants.

E. coli-Assisted Eco-Friendly Production of Biogenic Silver Cobalt Oxide (AgCoO ) Nanoparticles: Methanolysis-Based Hydrogen Production, Wastewater Remediation, and Pathogen Control.

Herein, bacterial-assisted synthesis of AgCoO is carried out. In the first step, E. coli was separated from soil samples via the "serial dilution method.

Bioactive, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of chemically fingerprinted essential oil extracted from : and investigations.

Innovative approaches are urgently required to treat divestating bacterial diseases in the face of rising bacterial resistance rates. The current investigative work focused on hydro-distilling Tasmanian blue gum () to isolate the essential oil, which was then tested for bioactivity, antioxidant capacity, and antibacterial activity using and assays. The antioxidant activity was avualated against DPPH and FRAP.

Contribution of the gyrA and waaG mutants to fluoroquinolones resistance, biofilm development, and persister cells formation in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi.

Fluoroquinolone resistance in Salmonella has been reported worldwide and poses a serious public health threat in developing countries. Multiple factors contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance, including mutations in DNA gyrase and the acquisition of antimicrobial resistance genes. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S.

Teicoplanin associated gene inactivation increases persister cell formation in .

is part of normal human flora and is widely associated with hospital-acquired bacteremia. has shown a diverse array of resistance to environmental stresses and antibiotics. Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) is on the high priority list of new antibiotics discovery and glycopeptides are considered the last drug of choice against MRSA.

The functional repertoire of in the β-lactamase high expression and decreasing β-lactam and aminoglycosides resistance in ESBL .

is characterized by β-lactamases that develop resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. The production of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) is substantially high in , , and , but infrequently explored in . The present investigation characterized the ESBL and delineated the genes involved in decrease in antibiotics resistance.

Recent developments in natural biopolymer based drug delivery systems.

Targeted delivery of drug molecules to diseased sites is a great challenge in pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences. Fabrication of drug delivery systems (DDS) to target and/or diagnose sick cells is an effective means to achieve good therapeutic results along with a minimal toxicological impact on healthy cells. Biopolymers are becoming an important class of materials owing to their biodegradability, good compatibility, non-toxicity, non-immunogenicity, and long blood circulation time and high drug loading ratio for both macros as well as micro-sized drug molecules.

Eco-friendly textile desizing with indigenously produced amylase from Bacillus cereus AS2.

Starch is added to the fabric surface to secure weaving process. During finishing these sized particles are removed from the fabric and prepared it for printing and dyeing. Chemicals de-sizing agents damage fabric surfaces and reduce the quality of the product.

Clinical manifestations of active tuberculosis patients coinfected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2.

Summary Background: The coronavirus 2019 pandemic was caused by a new single-strand RNA virus that originated from Wuhan, China, and infected more than 190 countries. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) coinfection with tuberculosis posed a serious public health concern and complicated the prognosis and treatment of patients. Since both are respiratory diseases, the sign and symptoms may overlap and could have synergistic effects on the host that can increase mortality during coinfection.

Myogenesis and Analysis of Antimicrobial Potential of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) against Pathogenic Bacteria.

The widespread and indiscriminate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics leads to microbial resistance, which causes major problems in the treatment of infectious diseases. However, advances in nanotechnology have opened up new domains for the synthesis and use of nanoparticles against multidrug-resistant pathogens. The traditional approaches for nanoparticle synthesis are not only expensive, laborious, and hazardous but also have various limitations.

Potential of mineral-solubilizing bacteria for physiology and growth promotion of Willd.

Nutrient deficiency in wild plant species, including quinoa ( Willd), can be overcome by applying mineral-solubilizing bacteria. Quinoa is a gluten-free, nutritious food crop with unique protein content. The present study aimed to characterize mineral-solubilizing rhizobacterial strains and to evaluate their plant growth-promoting potential in quinoa seedlings.

High-Molecular-Weight Dextran-Type Exopolysaccharide Produced by the Novel Improves Metabolic Syndrome: In Vitro and In Vivo Analyses.

Metabolic syndrome is a leading medical concern that affects one billion people worldwide. Metabolic syndrome is defined by a clustering of risk factors that predispose an individual to cardiovascular disease, diabetes and stroke. In recent years, the apparent role of the gut microbiota in metabolic syndrome has drawn attention to microbiome-engineered therapeutics.

Pathophysiology of Methicillin-Resistant Superinfection in COVID-19 Patients.

The global spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has infected humans in all age groups, deteriorated host immune responses, and caused millions of deaths. The reasons for individuals succumbing to COVID-19 were not only the SARS-CoV-2 infection but also associated bacterial infections. Antibiotics were largely used to prevent bacterial infections during COVID-19 illness, and many bacteria became resistant to conventional antibiotics.

Response Surface Methodology for Optimization of Operational Parameters To Remove Ciprofloxacin from Contaminated Water in the Presence of a Bacterial Consortium.

Ciprofloxacin (CFX) is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is widely used to treat bacterial infections in humans and other animals. However, its unwanted occurrence in any (eco)system can affect nontarget bacterial communities, which may also impair the performance of the natural or artificially established bioremediation system. The problem could be minimized by optimization of operational parameters via modeling of multifactorial tests.

Effect of ellagic acid and mesocarp extract of Punica granatum on productive and reproductive performances of laying hens.

In the present study, we determined the potential effects of ellagic acid and mesocarp extract of Punica granatum on the productive and reproduction performance of laying hens. Five treatment groups were setup: (1) control group (without ellagic acid), (2) 50 mg of ellagic acid, (3) 100 mg of ellagic acid, (4) 200 mg of ellagic acid, and (5) mesocarp extract of P. granatum.

Bi-allelic variants in OGDHL cause a neurodevelopmental spectrum disease featuring epilepsy, hearing loss, visual impairment, and ataxia.

The 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase-like (OGDHL) protein is a rate-limiting enzyme in the Krebs cycle that plays a pivotal role in mitochondrial metabolism. OGDHL expression is restricted mainly to the brain in humans. Here, we report nine individuals from eight unrelated families carrying bi-allelic variants in OGDHL with a range of neurological and neurodevelopmental phenotypes including epilepsy, hearing loss, visual impairment, gait ataxia, microcephaly, and hypoplastic corpus callosum.

Production of bimodal molecular weight levan by a Lactobacillus reuteri isolate from fish gut.

An exopolysaccharide (EPS) synthesizing potentially probiotic Gram-positive bacterial strain was isolated from fish (Tor putitora) gut, and its EPS was structurally characterized. The isolate, designated as FW2, was identified as Lactobacillus reuteri through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. This isolate produces fructan-type EPS using sucrose as a substrate.

Autism - A Comprehensive Array of Prominent Signs and Symptoms.

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a multifaceted neurodevelopmental condition characterized by multiple psychological and physiological impairments in young children. According to the recent reports, 1 out of every 58 newly-born children is suffering from autism. The aetiology of the disorder is complex and poorly understood, hindering the adaptation of targeted and effective therapies.

Burn Wound Microbiology and the Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Bacterial Isolates in Three Burn Units of Abbottabad, Pakistan.

Infection is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among burn patients and is accentuated multifold by the emergence of antimicrobial resistance among the nosocomial isolates. It is vital to know the common organisms involved in infected burn wound etiology and their respective antibiotic susceptibility patterns. These crucial findings can help in formulating a better and more efficient antimicrobial therapy plan for controlling burn wound infections.