A rare case of primary retroperitoneal mucinous cystadenocarcinoma presenting with recurrent infected psoas abscess.

Introduction And Significance: Retroperitoneal mucinous adenocarcinoma is a rare malignancy, typically presenting with nonspecific symptoms leading to delay in diagnosis and treatment.

Case Presentation: A 53-year-old man patient was seen with debilitating pain in the right thigh and reduced mobility, following 1 year of recurrent psoas abscesses. The physical exam revealed a mass in the right flank and a positive psoas sign.

Role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome: an updated comprehensive review from mechanisms to clinical implications.

Modern studies have linked gut microbiota to metabolic syndrome - a condition linked to obesity, characterized by insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia. The gut microbiota, influenced by diet, plays a pivotal role in metabolic syndrome, affecting energy absorption, metabolism, and immune responses. Dysbiosis disrupts energy metabolism and immune responses contributing to metabolic endotoxemia, leading to insulin resistance and systemic inflammation.

Accuracy of artificial intelligence in meta-analysis: A comparative study of ChatGPT 4.0 and traditional methods in data synthesis.

Background: Meta-analysis is a critical tool in evidence-based medicine, particularly in cardiology, where it synthesizes data from multiple studies to inform clinical decisions. This study explored the potential of using ChatGPT to streamline and enhance the meta-analysis process.

Aim: To investigate the potential of ChatGPT to conduct meta-analyses in interventional cardiology by comparing the results of ChatGPT-generated analyses with those of randomly selected, human-conducted meta-analyses on the same topic.

Efficacy and safety of polyethylene glycol in combination with linaclotide versus polyethylene glycol alone for colonoscopy: a grade-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background/aims: The effectiveness of colonoscopy largely depends on the quality of bowel preparation. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is commonly used but has certain limitations. This review evaluates whether combining PEG with linaclotide improves preparation efficacy and safety compared with PEG alone.

The use of tranexamic acid in external dacryocystorhinostomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Purpose: Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic agent effective in reducing extensive blood loss and mortality. However, it lacks significant clinical evidence in peri-ocular procedures, including dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR). This study aims to assess the effectiveness of TXA in reducing intraoperative hemorrhage and improving surgical outcomes.

Black Soldier Fly: A Keystone Species for the Future of Sustainable Waste Management and Nutritional Resource Development: A Review.

The global escalation of organic waste generation, coupled with rising protein demand and environmental pressure, necessitates innovative, circular approaches to resource management. (Black Soldier Fly, BSF) has emerged as a leading candidate for integrated waste-to-resource systems. This review examines BSF biological and genomic adaptations underpinning waste conversion efficiency, comparative performance of BSF bioconversion versus traditional treatments, nutritional and functional attributes, techno-economic, regulatory, and safety barriers to industrial scale-up.

Genetic Investigation and Transcriptome Profiling in a Nuclear Family With Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome.

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder hallmarked by mucocutaneous melanocytic macules and gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyposis associated with germline/somatic pathogenic variants in the tumor suppressor . PJS is clinically heterogeneous; however, the relationship between clinical phenotype and genotype remains elusive. Here, we report a family with PJS that harbors a heterozygous whole gene deletion combined with a heterozygous variant in that segregates with mucocutaneous pigmentation in the family.

Comparing efficacy and safety of direct aspiration versus stent retriever thrombectomy in acute basilar artery occlusion: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO) can lead to severe stroke and is linked to significant disability or death if not treated. This meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness and safety of first-line thrombectomy options: Direct Aspiration (DA) and Stent Retriever Thrombectomy (SRT) for acute BAO. Electronic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Central, ScienceDirect, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from inception until July 2025.

Weight Loss That Lasts: Reviewing the Long-Term Impact of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists.

This systematic review evaluates the long-term efficacy and safety of GLP-1 receptor agonists in the management of obesity, focusing on data from high-quality randomized controlled trials published between 2018 and 2025. This review synthesizes findings from studies assessing agents such as semaglutide, liraglutide, tirzepatide, and exenatide in diverse populations, including adults with and without type 2 diabetes and adolescents with severe obesity. Most studies demonstrated sustained weight loss and favorable glycemic control over treatment durations of 40-120 weeks.

Antimicrobial Peptides as Next-Generation Disinfectants: Tackling Biocide and Antimicrobial Resistance in Hospital Hygiene - A Narrative Review.

The global burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) is exacerbated by an increase in the number of biocide-resistant pathogens in hospital settings. Traditional disinfection methods face limitations, such as biofilm resilience, environmental hazards, and inadvertent selection of resistant strains. This review explores peptide-based disinfectants as innovative solutions to these challenges and highlights their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, biodegradability, and eco-friendliness.

Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Different Tenecteplase Doses With Alteplase in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review With Pairwise and Network Meta-Analysis to Determine the Optimal Dose.

Background: Tenecteplase (TNK) is a novel thrombolytic agent gaining attention as an alternative to alteplase for treating acute ischemic stroke (AIS). This meta-analysis evaluates the safety and efficacy of various TNK doses compared to alteplase, integrating recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and employing a frequentist network meta-analysis to identify the optimal dose while addressing existing evidence gaps.

Methods: Up until December 2024, PubMed, Cochrane Central, and ScienceDirect were searched.

Insights Into the Dysfunctional Communication Switches Targeting Osteocyte Mechanotransduction and Lacunar-Canalicular Gene Network in Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative condition of bone characterized by loss of cartilage, subchondral bone sclerosis, osteophyte growth, synovial inflammation, and influenced by biomechanical loading. The loss of articular cartilage is the primary concern of OA, while subchondral bone plays a crucial role in the integrity of articular cartilage, providing mechanical support and nutrition supply and constantly adapting to the changing biomechanical environment in weight-bearing joints. Osteocytes, abundant in subchondral bones, sense mechanical loading and control bone adaptive remodeling.

Choosing the Right Vasoactive Agent in Acute Variceal Bleeding in Cirrhotic Patients: A Review of Terlipressin vs. Octreotide Outcomes.

This systematic review evaluates and compares the clinical effectiveness of terlipressin and octreotide in the management of acute gastroesophageal variceal bleeding among cirrhotic patients. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Google Scholar, and clinical trial registries, identifying five randomized controlled trials that met predefined inclusion criteria. These studies assessed key outcomes, including bleeding control, mortality, hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) reduction, hemodynamic stability, and safety profiles.

Whole exome sequencing identifies a novel variant causing Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation syndrome (NBIA) in a consanguineous Pashtun family.

Neurodegenerative disorders pose a significant public health problem. Among these, neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation syndrome (NBIA) is particularly challenging because even MRI imaging findings can be subtle. Understanding the genetic basis of NBIA is, therefore, crucial for early diagnosis.

Post-abdominal hysterectomy complications: hypokalemic nephropathy due to enterocutaneous fistula - a case report.

Introduction And Importance: Hypokalemic nephropathy is a rare but serious complication of enterocutaneous fistulas (ECFs), particularly following abdominal surgery. This case highlights the importance of recognizing and managing electrolyte imbalances to prevent renal dysfunction.

Case Presentation: A 57-year-old woman developed an ECF 6 days after undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy for uterine fibroids.

Improving diagnostic standards: a two-cycle clinical audit on core biopsy reports adherence to international guidelines for breast lesions.

Background: Breast cancer accounts for 24.5% of all cancer cases in women globally, with over 670 000 deaths annually. Early detection and accurate diagnosis are crucial, with breast biopsy reports being key to diagnosis and prognosis.

Osteoporosis-Associated Mortality in Postmenopausal Women in the United States From 1999 to 2023: A CDC WONDER-Based Study.

Background And Aim: Osteoporosis remains a significant contributor to illness and death among postmenopausal women, primarily due to complications from fractures. This study examined national trends and disparities in osteoporosis-related mortality over a 24-year period.

Methods: Mortality records of postmenopausal women from 1999 to 2023 were analyzed using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) database to assess osteoporosis-related deaths.

Next generation antimicrobial peptide disinfectant targeting biocide and vancomycin resistant staphylococcus aureus through integrated in Silico and in vitro validation.

The rise of biocide- and antibiotic-resistant microbes in hospital settings demands urgent and innovative strategies to curb the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study presents an innovative disinfectant strategy that leverages antimicrobial peptides (APep) extracted from antimicrobial-producing (AMP) strains isolated from hospital environments under intense antibiotic pressure. Unlike traditional probiotic disinfectants that rely on live bacterial strains prone to AMR, this approach directly utilizes APep from non-resistant strains with a high antioxidant potential to combat AMR and oxidative stress.

A metagenomics-based approach to understanding the transmission of healthcare-associated antimicrobial resistance in Pakistan.

Hospital environments are critical yet underexamined reservoirs for hazardous antimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly in lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) where resource constraints often hinder comprehensive surveillance. In this study, we employed 16S rRNA gene sequencing and shotgun metagenomics to characterize the microbiome, resistome, and potential transmission routes across five clinical environments within a hospital in Pakistan: the intensive care unit (ICU), surgical ward (SW), cardiac surgery ward (CSW), cardiac ward (CW), and operating theater (OT). Microbial community analysis revealed compositional similarities among the ICU, SW, and OT, with the ICU emerging as a primary source of microbial dissemination.

Hematological parameters in atrial fibrillation: A literature review.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a frequent cardiac arrhythmia in the general population, which is associated with an increased risk of several health issues. It has been demonstrated that hematological variables predict the occurrence and recurrence of AF. This review article specifically only focuses on haemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet count, white blood cells (WBCs), lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and red blood cells in the pathophysiology of AF.

Exome sequencing reveals broad genetic heterogeneity for neuromuscular disorders in consanguineous Pakistani Families.

Neuromuscular disorders comprise the majority of neurogenetic conditions, generally characterized by overlapping clinical symptoms, such as spastic paraplegia, muscular abnormalities, and ataxia. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), many patients remain undiagnosed or are misdiagnosed. For many NMDs, early diagnosis helps reduce the impact and mortality of the disorder, particularly in LMICs such as Pakistan, and reduces the burden on the healthcare system.

Outcomes in diabetic vs nondiabetic patients requiring cardiac resynchronization therapy for heart failure: A meta-analysis.

Background: Heart failure (HF) affects millions globally, causing severe symptoms and poor prognosis. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has been shown to improve heart function and quality of life in HF patients with electrical dyssynchrony, but its effectiveness in diabetic patients remains unclear due to the complexities associated with diabetes.

Objective: This study evaluates the impact of diabetes mellitus on CRT by comparing outcomes between diabetic and nondiabetic patients through a meta-analysis.

Seasonal and hospital settings variations in antimicrobial resistance among clinical isolates from cardiac patients: insights from a 7-Year study.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health challenge, particularly in specialized tertiary care settings. Despite its significance, data on the effects of seasonal variations, demographics, and healthcare settings on AMR in Pakistan are scarce.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and resistance patterns of AMR and identify the key contributing factors at a cardiac hospital in Faisalabad from 2012 to 2019 to inform targeted infection control strategies.