Primary Tuberculous Intramuscular Abscess in a Diabetic Elderly Male: An Unusual Case Report.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) primarily affects the lungs, but extrapulmonary manifestations, such as musculoskeletal TB, account for 15-20% of cases. Isolated intramuscular TB abscesses are exceedingly rare cases of extrapulmonary TB. Predisposing factors, such as diabetes mellitus, immunosuppression, and advanced age, increase the risk of such atypical presentations.

Stereoselective Fluoro-Deuteration/Chalcogenation/Halogenation of -Difluoroallenes (DFAs).

A practical and highly stereoselective approach for the synthesis of α-functionalized trifluoromethylated alkenes has been developed, enabling the incorporation of deuterium, halogen, or chalcogen atoms. The method accommodates a wide range of substrates and delivers the desired products in good yields with excellent selectivity. The reaction proceeds through a vinyl silver intermediate, formed AgF addition to -difluoroallenes.

A Primer on Monkeypox Infection: An Emerging Threat to Global Public Health.

Monkeypox (mpox) is caused by a poxvirus closely related to the smallpox virus. It spreads by intimate contact between humans and animals. Prior immunization against smallpox only provides partial protection against mpox.

Spontaneous Lingual Bleeding and Intracerebral Hemorrhage in a Young Adult with Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP): A Rare Case Report and Brief Recent Update on Treatment.

Introduction: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune condition characterized by reduced platelet counts due to increased peripheral destruction and impaired platelet generation. An estimated incidence of ITP is 2 to 5 cases per 100,000 individuals in the general population. While mucocutaneous bleeding is common, life-threatening complications, such as spontaneous lingual hematoma and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), are extremely rare.

Gut microbiota profile in newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients: an exploratory pilot study in southern India.

Emerging evidence suggests the link between pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and gut microbiota dysbiosis. This is the first study from the southern Indian population that characterized the gut microbiota of PTB patients using 16 S amplicon sequencing. The analysis revealed a significant reduction in gut microbial diversity among PTB patients, with particularly lower alpha diversity (Chao1 index, p ≤ 0.

Prescribed finite-time backstepping control for blood glucose regulation in type 1 diabetes.

Automated blood glucose regulation in Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is challenging due to nonlinear glucose-insulin dynamics and meal-induced disturbances. Existing control strategies lack guaranteed finite-time convergence, risking prolonged hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia post-meals. We propose a novel prescribed finite-time backstepping controller derived from the Bergman Minimal Model (BMM), enforcing user-defined convergence bounds to ensure glucose stabilization within a pre-specified duration, regardless of meal variability.

Ultrasensitive Plasmonic Chiral SERS Substrate for Ligand-Free Enantioselective Discrimination and Molecular Fingerprinting.

In this work, we have fabricated plasmonic chiral silver nanohelices with a strong chiroptic response using the glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technique. These nanostructures have been explored for label-free enantioselective surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) discrimination. Three different biologically significant enantiomers (l-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) alanine (DOPA), cystine, and tartaric acid) with varying chemical features have been successfully differentiated.

Effect of Probiotics Supplementation on Clinical, Humanistic, and Safety Outcomes in Patients With Tuberculosis: A Prospective Cohort Study in a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in South India.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the effect of probiotic supplementation on multiple dimensions of tuberculosis (TB) care, including clinical, humanistic, and safety outcomes.

Method: This study is a prospective cohort study. Data were collected for TB treatment outcome, hematologic inflammatory indices, anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT)-induced adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) using EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-level questionnaire to evaluate the effect of probiotics supplementation.

Numerical Investigation of Buckling Behavior of MWCNT-Reinforced Composite Plates.

The current study demonstrates the buckling properties of composite laminates reinforced with MWCNT fillers using a novel higher-order shear and normal deformation theory (HSNDT), which considers the effect of thickness in its mathematical formulation. The hybrid HSNDT combines polynomial and hyperbolic functions that ensure the parabolic shear stress profile and zero shear stress boundary condition at the upper and lower surface of the plate, hence removing the need for a shear correction factor. The plate is made up of carbon fiber bounded together with polymer resin matrix reinforced with MWCNT fibers.

Glancing Angle Deposition in Gas Sensing: Bridging Morphological Innovations and Sensor Performances.

Glancing Angle Deposition (GLAD) has emerged as a versatile and powerful nanofabrication technique for developing next-generation gas sensors by enabling precise control over nanostructure geometry, porosity, and material composition. Through dynamic substrate tilting and rotation, GLAD facilitates the fabrication of highly porous, anisotropic nanostructures, such as aligned, tilted, zigzag, helical, and multilayered nanorods, with tunable surface area and diffusion pathways optimized for gas detection. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of recent advances in GLAD-based gas sensor design, focusing on how structural engineering and material integration converge to enhance sensor performance.

Bullous hemorrhagic dermatosis following unfractionated heparin therapy.

Heparin, a commonly used anticoagulant, has been associated with several cutaneous adverse effects, including skin necrosis, bruising/ecchymosis, urticaria, angioedema, red plaques, nodular lesions, and allergic contact dermatitis. Bullous hemorrhagic dermatosis (BHD) caused by heparin is a rare skin-related side effect. A 34-year-old woman diagnosed with anti-phospholipid syndrome was recently observed to develop hemorrhagic bullous dermatosis distant from the site of intravenous unfractionated heparin.

Functional Outcome of Intra-Articular Fracture of Distal End Radius Treated with External Fixator; A Prospective Study.

Fracture distal end radius is one of the most common fracture treated in orthopedic emergencies. Nearly 1/6th (16%) of all fractures in orthopedic emergencies involve the distal end of the Radius. This is a prospective-interventional study conducted in the department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanjay Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Mangolpuri, New Delhi with a sample size of the study is thirty patients treated with an external fixator from January 2021 to June 2022.

Unveiling the potential of antimicrobial peptides to combat Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a severe disease that causes considerably high morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income developing nations. The causative agent of TB, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), has evolved medication resistance, which has hampered the treatment of TB. The need for new anti-TB medications has been driven by the growth of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) mycobacterial strains, resistance to current medicines, and a rising financial burden.

Genetic Characterization of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolated from Captive Zoo Animals.

Zoonotic tuberculosis is a neglected subject that has the potential to impede the effectiveness of the TB elimination program. The present study aimed to determine the genetic diversity and drug resistance in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from captive wild animals. A total of 67 tissue samples were collected from 33 animals, comprising 21 wild captive animals from various species and 12 slaughtered domestic buffaloes.

Pd-catalyzed enantioselective reductive Heck reaction of mono-fluoro, -difluoro, and trifluoromethyl tethered-alkenes.

Herein, we present an enantioselective, fluorine-retentive Pd-catalyzed reductive Heck cyclization reaction of fluorinated alkenes, enabling the synthesis of all-carbon quaternary 3,3-disubstituted fluoroalkyl-tethered oxindoles. Control experiments and DFT studies have provided insights into the reaction mechanism and stereochemical induction.

Molecular Detection of Gene Mutation Related to Drug Resistance in Mycobacterium leprae.

Background: Mycobacterium lepare-induced leprosy continues to pose a significant public health threat. Drug-resistant strains pose a major challenge for effective management, necessitating molecular studies to identify resistance-associated mutations and guide appropriate therapy.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of a total of 47 samples, including slit-skin smear and biopsy specimens, were collected along with relevant clinical details.

Diagnostic yield of Xpert MTB/RIF, Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra, and Truenat MTB assays on non-pulmonary samples from suspected cases of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB).

Background: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) poses a diagnostic challenge due to its paucibacillary nature and low diagnostic yield of traditional methods. Molecular diagnostic tools like Xpert MTB/RIF, Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra, and Truenat MTB offer promising alternatives for the rapid and higher detection rates for pulmonary TB samples. However, the yield of these newly introduced molecular tests on extra-pulmonary samples requires country-specific evaluation and comparative analysis.

Tuberculous Broncho-Esophageal Fistula in an Adult Male: A Rare Case Managed Conservatively.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a widespread infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It predominantly affects the lungs but can involve any organ in the body. Tracheo-oesophageal fistula (TEF) is one of the rare extrapulmonary manifestations of TB.

Uncovering SARS-CoV-2 Molecular Epidemiology Across the Pandemic Transition: Insights into Transmission in Clinical and Environmental Samples.

Background: Respiratory droplets are the main way in which the COVID-19 pandemic's causal agent, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), spreads. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, especially in lung cells, allow the virus to enter host cells. However, ACE2 expression in intestinal cells has sparked worries about possible fecal transfer, particularly in poor-sanitation areas like India.

Establishment and evaluation of a naked-eye diagnostic assay for tuberculosis utilizing reverse isothermal amplification-assisted CRISPR-Cas in resource-limited settings.

Introduction: The current scenario of tuberculosis (TB) caused by (MTB) has presented an almost insurmountable challenge to hospitals with high patient numbers. Delayed diagnosis of TB is a major hurdle in preventing the employment of efficient therapeutics, leading to the development of drug resistance. Hence, an easily accessible diagnostic method, particularly for resource for resource-limited settings, is pertinent for the rapid identification of MTB-infected patients.

Bilateral Periorbital Erythema and Swelling as an Initial Presentation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Rare Case.

Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by multisystem involvement due to autoantibody production and immune complex deposition. While classical cutaneous manifestations, such as malar rash, are common, atypical presentations, like periorbital erythema and swelling, are rare and pose diagnostic challenges. Early recognition is crucial to prevent disease progression and complications.

Impact of a Community-based Intervention Program on Nutritional Status of Children Aged Under 5 Years With Undernutrition in Western Rural Nepal.

Objective: To identify the impact of community-based nutritional intervention among children with undernutrition in Nepal.

Design: Quasi-experimental time series.

Setting: Three villages in the rural Terai region with a majority marginalized ethnic population.

Tuning the nanoscale tribological characteristics of thermally evaporated transparent polyaniline-graphene nanocomposite thin films.

In this work, we report the development of a solvent-free technique to fabricate optically transparent polyaniline (PANI)-graphene thin films with precise control over both composition and thickness. By systematically varying the PANI-graphene composition, we investigate the influence of graphene reinforcement on the mechanical and tribological properties of the polymer films. A comprehensive suite of surface characterization techniques, combined with atomic force microscopy (AFM) based nanotribological testing, reveals how embedded graphene patches act as lubricating agents within the polymer matrix.

Challenges in Managing Closed Gastroschisis: Addressing a Rare and Complex Variant of Abdominal Wall Defect.

Background: In closed gastroschisis, the initial herniation of the intestines through the abdominal wall defect subsequently leads to spontaneous closure of the defect during fetal development, even before the migration of the intestines back to the abdominal domain.

Materials And Methods: This study investigates the clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and management strategies of closed gastroschisis through a retrospective review of six cases presented at our clinic between 2009 and 2024. Data were prospectively collected and analyzed to gain insights into the varied presentations and outcomes of this rare condition.

Comprehensive Analysis of Pediatric Mesenteric Cysts with Clinical Presentation, Diagnostic Challenges, Surgical Management, and Outcome.

Background: Mesenteric cysts are rare, benign abdominal tumors that pose diagnostic challenges due to their nonspecific symptoms. Their etiology is diverse, with congenital, lymphatic, and inflammatory origins proposed. Clinical presentation often includes abdominal pain, mass, or incidental findings.