Advancement in modeling of Alzheimer's disease: a comprehensive review of preclinical screening platforms.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative condition that worsens with time and causes memory loss and cognitive impairment. For prompt intervention and management of AD, early detection is essential. Screening models play a crucial role in identifying individuals at risk of developing AD before the onset of noticeable clinical symptoms.

Classification of 5‑bit Binary Light Pulse Sequences Using Photoluminescence of Metal Halide Perovskite Memlumors.

A memlumor is an innovative neuromorphic luminescent device with a state-dependent photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) designed for optical neuromorphic computing applications. Metal halide perovskite memlumors leverage charge trapping and photodoping to modulate the PLQY, making it dependent on the excitation light history. Here, we demonstrate the ability of perovskite memlumors to classify time-dependent binary optical signals on sub-microsecond timescales.

Flexible Alicyclic Ammonium Induced Bifacial Defect Passivation for Efficient and Operationally Stable Perovskite Solar Cells.

Effective defect passivation at both the top and bottom interfaces of the perovskite active layer is crucial for achieving highly efficient perovskite solar cells and enhancing their operational stability. At present, such passivation is implemented via two separate steps, thus increasing the processing complexity. To address this challenge, a bifacial passivator is developed, cyclohexylmethylammonium fluoride (CMAF), which is capable of simultaneously modifying both perovskite interfaces despite being introduced only through a simple spin-coating onto the SnO layer.

Glancing Angle Deposition in Gas Sensing: Bridging Morphological Innovations and Sensor Performances.

Glancing Angle Deposition (GLAD) has emerged as a versatile and powerful nanofabrication technique for developing next-generation gas sensors by enabling precise control over nanostructure geometry, porosity, and material composition. Through dynamic substrate tilting and rotation, GLAD facilitates the fabrication of highly porous, anisotropic nanostructures, such as aligned, tilted, zigzag, helical, and multilayered nanorods, with tunable surface area and diffusion pathways optimized for gas detection. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of recent advances in GLAD-based gas sensor design, focusing on how structural engineering and material integration converge to enhance sensor performance.

Harnessing the potential of millets for climate-resilient and sustainable agriculture.

Millets are increasingly gaining global attention for their immense potential to address major challenges such as hunger and malnutrition, and the climatic risks on agricultural production. With the world's population steadily increasing, it is essential to find sustainable solutions for regional food and nutrition security, and support the livelihoods of farmers-especially under changing climate. Among various crops, small millets offer a promising yet underutilized option in the pursuit of food and nutritional security.

Transcriptional response of cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) roots to salt stress and the role of DNA methylation.

Our study unravels a complex multi-layered molecular response of peanut roots to salinity, where reprograming of gene-expression is partly executed by changes in methylome via RdDM pathway and exerted through transcription factors. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a major oilseed crop of global importance, whose production is severely impacted by salinity.

An Uncommon Breast Odyssey: A Rare Case of Carcinoma Breast with Mesenteric Metastasis.

We present an unusual case of invasive ductal breast carcinoma in a postmenopausal female with a clinically node-negative disease that was incidentally found to have mesenteric metastatic deposits on F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan. Mesenteric metastasis from invasive breast carcinoma is rare, with <1% cases reported worldwide and limited availability of diagnostic and therapeutic protocols for carcinoma breast with mesenteric metastasis, this proved to be a challenging and intriguing case. To further accentuate the complexity, the primary tumor of this mesenteric metastasis was found to be invasive ductal carcinoma, which is even more infrequent, and <0.

Oil palm biomass: a potential feedstock for lignocellulolytic enzymes and biofuels production.

The availability of low-cost feedstocks for the production of lignocellulolytic enzymes and bioenergy products is a major challenge for biofuel industry. Oil palm processing generates huge amount of residual biomass that can be utilized for cost-effective production of lignocellulolytic enzymes and second-generation biofuels. The cultivation of oil palm and extraction of oil generates residues in the form of oil palm empty fruit bunches, oil palm frond, and oil palm trunk that are rich source of cellulose and hemicelluloses.

A Donor-Acceptor-Type Two-Dimensional Poly(Arylene Vinylene) for Efficient Electron Transport and Sensitive Chemiresistors.

Two-dimensional (2D) conjugated polymers and their layer-stacked 2D conjugated covalent organic frameworks, such as 2D poly(arylene vinylene)s (2D PAVs), are emerging as promising polymer semiconductors for electronics and photocatalysis. However, achieving narrow optical band gaps and efficient electron transport remains a significant challenge for this class of materials to enhance the device's performance. Here, we report a donor-acceptor-type 2D PAV (2DPAV-TBDT-IT, where TBDT = thienyl-benzodithiophene and IT = s-indacene-1,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetraone) synthesized via an Aldol-type 2D polycondensation approach.

Explainability of a Deep Learning-Based Classification Model for Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibody-Associated Glomerulonephritis.

Introduction: The histopathological classification for antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated glomerulonephritis (ANCA-GN) is a well-established tool to reflect the variety of patterns and severity of lesions that can occur in kidney biopsies. It was demonstrated previously that deep learning (DL) approaches can aid in identifying histopathological classes of kidney diseases; for example, of diabetic kidney disease. These models can potentially be used as decision support tools for kidney pathologists.

A current review on animal models of anti-asthmatic drugs screening.

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory respiratory condition characterised by airway constriction, smooth muscle spasm, and severe morbidity. It affects around 300 million people globally, with children being especially vulnerable. Despite its worldwide effect, the invention of innovative asthma medicines has been slow over the last 5 decades, leaving significant unmet requirements in asthma care.

Artificial Intelligence Applications in Cardio-Oncology: A Comprehensive Review.

Purpose Of Review: This review explores the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in cardio-oncology, focusing on its latest application across problems in diagnosis, prognosis, risk stratification, and management of cardiovascular (CV) complications in cancer patients. It also highlights multi-omics analysis, explainable AI, and real-time decision-making, while addressing challenges like data heterogeneity and ethical concerns.

Recent Findings: AI can advance cardio-oncology by leveraging imaging, electronic health records (EHRs), electrocardiograms (ECG), and multi-omics data for early cardiotoxicity detection, stratification and long-term risk prediction.

Strategic Synthesis of Mixed-Phase Tungsten Oxide for Electrochromic Smart Windows.

Electrochromic devices based on mixed-phase WO can potentially outperform their pure-phase counterparts due to the optimized distribution of optically active sites that facilitate cation intercalation. In this work, we synthesized WO containing orthorhombic and hexagonal phases, with precise phase ratio control accomplished through a meticulously designed experimental strategy of optimizing the reaction time at low temperatures in a closed system under a hydrogen atmosphere. A detailed XRD analysis shows an optimal phase ratio (orthorhombic/hexagonal = 0.

Comparative Evaluation of Clinical and Radiographic Changes Following Delayed Implant Placement in Mandibular Posterior Region with or without i-PRF Activation: A Split Mouth Clinical Study.

Background: Injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) is prepared without anticoagulants having improved features such as increased fibroblast migration, proliferation, and tissue angiogenesis acceleration. When administered to titanium implants, i-PRF clings to the metal surface, generating a protein coating that impacts cellular activity required for osseointegration which aids in optimum and rapid osseointegration. The present study compared and evaluated the osteogenic properties of i-PRF in dental implant sites to determine the positive impact of i-PRF on osseointegration.

Plasmonic sensor design: Cu-SiO₂-Ni-black phosphorus for enhanced surface plasmon resonance in visible regime.

A novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor is presented utilizing a BK7 prism, copper (Cu), silicon dioxide (SiO), nickel (Ni), and black phosphorus (BP) for enhanced biomolecule sensing in the refractive index (RI) range of 1.33 - 1.335.

Spontaneous bilateral external jugular venous aneurysm: A series of two case reports.

Venous aneurysms are fairly rare entities as compared to arterial aneurysms. Very few cases of spontaneous external jugular venous aneurysms are documented in literature without any previous history of trauma. Bilateral involvement is a further scarce finding.

Leveraging Health Policy Solutions to Address Obesity in Rural America.

Rural America faces an alarming obesity crisis, with residents experiencing significantly higher rates of obesity due to socioeconomic disparities, limited access to healthcare, and structural challenges such as food deserts and insufficient healthcare infrastructure. This perspective addresses these pressing issues by proposing targeted, evidence-based interventions to reduce obesity in rural communities. Our recommendations include (1) increasing the number of multidisciplinary healthcare professionals in rural areas through initiatives such as the Rural Medical Scholars Program, the Rural Community Loan Repayment Program, and the Conrad 30 Waiver Program; (2) expanding coverage for essential obesity services via H.

Synergistic Photocatalysis by α-MoO Nanostructures and SWCNT Nanocomposites for Efficient Cross-Linking and Oxidative Degradation of Polystyrene Nanoplastics.

Nanoplastics (NPs) generated from plastic debris weathering pose a significant threat to ecosystems. The ubiquity of plastics driven by their advantageous physical properties, necessitates the development of efficient degradation and removal methods. Polystyrene (PS), a common and hazardous aquatic NP is a long-chain hydrocarbon with alternating phenyl groups.

Latent Diffusion Models with Image-Derived Annotations for Enhanced AI-Assisted Cancer Diagnosis in Histopathology.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based image analysis has immense potential to support diagnostic histopathology, including cancer diagnostics. However, developing supervised AI methods requires large-scale annotated datasets. A potentially powerful solution is to augment training data with synthetic data.

Gold Nanoparticles with N-Heterocyclic Carbene/Triphenylamine Surface Ligands: Stable and Electrochromically Active Hybrid Materials for Optoelectronics.

Organic-hybrid particle-based materials are increasingly important in (opto)electronics, sensing, and catalysis due to their printability and stretchability as well as their potential for unique synergistic functional effects. However, these functional properties are often limited due to poor electronic coupling between the organic shell and the nanoparticle. N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) belong to the most promising anchors to achieve electronic delocalization across the interface, as they form robust and highly conductive bonds with metals and offer a plethora of functionalization possibilities.

Sodium Niobate Nanowires Embedded PVA-Hydrogel-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Versatile Energy Harvesting and Self-Powered CO Gas Sensor.

The surging demand for sustainable energy solutions and adaptable electronic devices has led to the exploration of alternative and advanced power sources. Triboelectric Nanogenerators (TENGs) stand out as a promising technology for efficient energy harvesting, but research on fully flexible and environmental friendly TENGs still remain limited. In this study, an innovative approach is introduced utilizing an ionic-solution modified conductive hydrogel embedded with piezoelectric sodium niobate nanowires-based Triboelectric Nanogenerator (NW-TENG), offering intrinsic advantages to healthcare and wearable devices.

Study of Intrachain Charge Transfer in a Blue Emissive Polyfluorene Random Copolymer.

Photophysics of a blue light-emitting fluorescent random copolymer, consisting of arylated polydioctylfluorene (aryl-F8), polydioctylfluorene (F8), and amine comonomers in a ratio of 80:15:5 is reported. In a solution of 10 M, solvatochromism in absorption and photoluminescence (PL) is observed with an increased lifetime of PL as the polarity of the solvent increases. Dual fluorescence is observed in the 10 M diluted solution, comprising a structured emission from a localized state in the aryl-F8 comonomer and a broad emission peak from the charge-transfer (CT) state at a lower energy.

Metal oxide-based gas sensor array for VOCs determination in complex mixtures using machine learning.

Detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the breath is becoming a viable route for the early detection of diseases non-invasively. This paper presents a sensor array of 3 component metal oxides that give maximal cross-sensitivity and can successfully use machine learning methods to identify four distinct VOCs in a mixture. The metal oxide sensor array comprises NiO-Au (ohmic), CuO-Au (Schottky), and ZnO-Au (Schottky) sensors made by the DC reactive sputtering method and having a film thickness of 80-100 nm.

Assessing safety, efficacy and residue depletion in golden mahseer, Tor putitora (Hamilton, 1822): biochemical and physiological responses to graded concentrations of oxytetracycline dietary supplementation.

The safety and effectiveness of oxytetracycline can potentially manage bacterial infections in fish. This, in turn, might reduce the concerns related to its use in aquaculture and human consumption, such as toxicity, antimicrobial resistance, and other associated risks. The primary objective of this study was to assess how adding oxytetracycline dihydrate to the diet affects its effectiveness, safety, and the presence of residues in T.