Tailoring the biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease using a gut microbiome-centric approach: Preclinical, clinical, and regulatory perspectives.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, poses significant therapeutic challenges due to its complex etiology and limited treatment options. Traditional pharmacotherapies targeting amyloid-β (Aβ) and cholinergic pathways offer modest benefits and are often associated with adverse effects. Emerging evidence implicates gut dysbiosis and the gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis and progression of AD.

Magnetic hyperthermia-based therapies for cancer targeting: current progress and future perspectives.

Cancer has complicated pathological events, and conventional cancer therapy has limitations in the lack of selectivity, cytotoxicity, and the development of multidrug resistance. Hyperthermia, based on mild elevation in temperature up to 45 °C, can result in cancer cell death. However, the clinical applicability of MNPs for heating malignant cells is impeded by the difficulties of efficiently and selectively heating the tumors.

Quantum Dots in Neurotheranostics for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.

Age-related neurodegeneration is one of the primary causes associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Currently, there are 5.8 million cases of AD worldwide.

Deciphering the iridoids' boundaries: from soil ecology to anti-inflammatory medicines.

Iridoid glycosides (IGs) are monoterpenoids that protect against stress and modulate the immune system. A comprehensive analysis of preclinical and clinical data on IGs' adaptogenic and immunogenic properties, molecular processes, and knowledge gaps was conducted. The study found that oral catalpol, aucubin, geniposide, harpagoside, loganin, and globularifolin can reduce stress and depression by diminishing anhedonia, enhancing corticosterone, BDNF, and decreasing COX 2 levels.

Biomembrane-coated nanosystems as next-generation delivery systems for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers.

Gastrointestinal cancers, a major global cause of cancer-related mortality and disease burden, are a heterogeneous group of malignant aliments involving different organs of the digestive system. The late clinical diagnosis, genomic tumor heterogeneity, high complexity of the gastrointestinal tumor microenvironment, along with increasing treatment resistance have been recognized as the main contributing factors to the current inadequacy of the clinical interventions and poor prognosis of the gastrointestinal cancer patients. In the coming years, gastrointestinal cancer-related global mortality is unfortunately predicted to increase due to the absence of early detection and effective therapeutic options.

Advances in Immunoassays for detection of pancreatitis biomarkers.

Pancreatitis is a predominant cause of gastrointestinal morbidity. However, the early and accurate detection of biomarkers, which is essential for guiding risk stratification and therapeutic decision-making, is constrained by the sensitivity and throughput limitations of conventional assays. This review critically examines advances in immunoassay technologies, including high-sensitivity lipase and amylase ELISAs, chemiluminescence and time-resolved fluorescence formats, label-free plasmonic sensors, digital single-molecule platforms, and multiplex bead-based and microarray systems, as applied to pancreatitis biomarker quantitation.

Flavonoids as Antimicrobial Agents: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential.

Flavonoids, plant-derived polyphenolic compounds, have garnered significant attention for their broad-spectrum antimicrobial potential, encompassing antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities. These bioactive molecules exert their effects through multiple mechanisms, including disruption of microbial cell membranes, inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis, suppression of biofilm formation, and interference with key bacterial enzymes. Notable flavonoids such as quercetin, apigenin, and kaempferol exhibit potent activity against bacterial pathogens like Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as fungal pathogens such as Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans.

Expanding arsenal against colorectal cancer using guar gum-based nanocarriers: A review.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of mortality across the globe. Chemotherapy is a common tactic, but because of its array of disadvantages, its applications via oral and intravenous routes have been curtailed. The polymeric nanoparticulate delivery comprising naturally occurring guar gum polymer was found to be promising for delivering cargo at colon.

Icariin as a therapeutic agent in breast cancer: modulating apoptosis and suppressing proliferation.

Breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, underscoring the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. Icariin, a prenylated flavonol glycoside derived from species, has emerged as a promising multi-targeted agent with potent anticancer activity. Preclinical studies demonstrate that icariin modulates key oncogenic pathways, including PI3K/Akt, MAPK, NF-κB/SIRT6, and AMPK/mTOR to inhibit tumor cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, and regulate autophagy.

Cancer stem cells: mitochondria signalling pathway and strategies for therapeutic interventions.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a critical role in tumor initiation, progression, and resistance to therapy, making them a major hurdle in effective cancer treatment. Unlike bulk cancer cells, CSCs exhibit remarkable adaptability, allowing them to survive under metabolic stress and evade conventional therapies. Mitochondria, as central regulators of cellular metabolism and apoptosis, are integral to CSC function.

Plant-based flavonoids and their nanoparticles: Latest arsenal against Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent and emerging neurodegenerative disease and serves as the seventh biggest cause of mortality across the globe. The pathogenesis of AD is linked with multiple hallmarks. The applications of anti-AD therapeutics approved by the FDA have been restricted because of the least permeability, bioavailability, negative effects, and huge cost.

Unravelling the role of nanomedicine in attenuating inflammation, oxidative stress and cellular ageing in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a chronic lung disease which causes obstruction and inflammation in the airways or other parts of the lung. It is often associated with structural changes in the lung due to persistent inflammation caused by prolong exposure to cigarette smoke. Other factors such as oxidative stress, chronic inflammation and cellular senescence also play a major role in the progression of the disease.

Unravelling the Treatment Strategies for Monkeypox Virus: Success and Bottlenecks.

Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is a zoonotic orthopoxvirus (ORXV) that causes a significant public health concern due to its potential for human-to-human transmission and ability to cause severe disease. Despite the availability of a vaccine, there is currently no specific antiviral treatment for MPXV. The development of effective therapeutic strategies for MPXV is essential to mitigate its harmful impact on society.

Natural sesquiterpene lactones in prostate cancer therapy: mechanisms and sources.

Prostate cancer is a condition characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal cells inside the prostate gland, part of the male reproductive system. Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men and the second largest cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States. A novel approach to treating advanced Prostate cancer has emerged, attributable to the enhanced effectiveness of new pharmacological agents sourced from natural origins and this has led to increased rates of global existence and progression-free survival.

Pharmacological Perspective on the Neurobiology of PI3K-Akt-mTOR Signalling in Opioid Dependence.

Opioid addiction is a condition of the central nervous system that occurs as a result of using opiate-based substances, which can be either natural or synthetic chemicals. These have effects identical to those of morphine and work by interacting with opioid receptors such as morphine, heroin, opium, buprenorphine, and Oxycontin. Dopamine has been suggested to play a role in the mechanisms linked to opioid addiction.

Parthanatos and apoptosis: unraveling their roles in cancer cell death and therapy resistance.

Cell death is a fundamental process that needs to be maintained to balance cellular functions and prevent disease. There are several cell death pathways; however, apoptosis and parthanatos are the most prominent and have important roles in cancer biology. As an extremely well-regulated process, apoptosis removes damaged or abnormal cells via caspase activation and mitochondrial involvement.

Formulation of repurposed celecoxib-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers using Box-Behnken design, its characterization, and anticancer evaluation.

Objectives: The key objective of present research is to effectively treat lung cancer with repurposed celecoxib while overcoming challenges such as solubility, bioavailability, non-selectivity, and negative effects by delivering celecoxib through nanostructured lipid carriers via the parenteral route.

Methods: Celecoxib-laden nanostructured lipid carriers were manufactured by melt-emulsification ultrasonication approach and optimized through Box-Behnken design. The celecoxib nanostructured lipid carriers were examined for particle size, % entrapment efficiency, zeta potential, in vitro release, cytotoxicity, stability, etc.

Lactoferrin-Conjugated Nanocarriers for Transformative Strategies in Cancer Management: New Insights on Breast Cancer Therapy.

Cancer represents a diverse and complex spectrum of diseases characterized by the abnormal growth and proliferation of cells, establishing a formidable global health challenge. Within the array of diverse cancers, breast cancer arises as one of the primary contributors to cancer-related fatalities in females. Breast cysts, thickenings, alterations in breast size or form, etc.

Unravelling the epigenetic based mechanism in discovery of anticancer phytomedicine: Evidence based studies.

Epigenetic mechanisms play a crucial role in the normal development and maintenance of tissue-specific gene expression patterns in mammals. Disruption of these processes can result in changes to gene function and the transformation of cells into a malignant state. Cancer is characterized by widespread alterations in the epigenetic landscape, revealing that it involves not only genetic mutations but also epigenetic abnormalities.

Auranofin-loaded chitosan-lipid hybrid nanoparticle protects against rotenone model of Parkinson's disease via modulation of GSK-3β/ Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.

Auranofin (AUF) is a gold-based compound that has demonstrated a wide range of biological effects, such as anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. However, the neuronal use of AUF is restricted due to its low bioavailability. Thus, to improve blood brain barrier (BBB) penetration and investigate its antiparkinsonian impact, the researchers developed AUF-loaded hybrid nanoparticles (AUFHNPs).

Dissolving microneedles for brain delivery: Recent advances and challenges.

Over the past decade, dissolving microneedles (DMNs) have emerged as a promising approach for drug delivery to the brain. They are tiny devices designed to penetrate biological barriers, offering a painless method for localized and controlled drug delivery. They are suitable for delivering drugs that are susceptible to degradation when delivered orally.