Perthe's syndrome in building collapse fatalities: A forensic examination.

Introduction: Perthe's syndrome, or traumatic asphyxia, is a rare form of mechanical asphyxia caused by sudden, intense chest compression, leading to cervicofacial congestion, petechiae, and subconjunctival haemorrhages. Despite its forensic significance, limited literature exists on cases resulting from building collapses.

Objective: This study examines forensic autopsy findings in victims of a building collapse, highlighting characteristic diagnostic features, pathophysiology, and the role of forensic experts, local authorities, and disaster management teams.

Methods: A forensic investigation was conducted on multiple victims who sustained fatal thoracic compression due to a collapsed building following heavy rainfall. Detailed external and internal autopsy findings were recorded, including congestion patterns, petechiae distribution, and associated injuries. The role of first responders and forensic pathologists in determining the cause of death and guiding disaster response was also evaluated.

Observations: The autopsies revealed hallmark features of traumatic asphyxia, including cervicofacial congestion, petechiae, subconjunctival haemorrhages, and lung edema. Additional injuries such as rib fractures and intracranial haemorrhages were noted in select cases. The investigation emphasized the need for rapid rescue operations and improved building safety regulations.

Conclusion: This study reinforces the importance of forensic pathology in diagnosing traumatic asphyxia and underscores the necessity of coordinated emergency response strategies in structural collapse disasters.