Carbamate Prodrugs Restrict Metabolism and Improve the Pharmacokinetics of Isoniazid.

Isoniazid (INH), an important first-line drug in tuberculosis (TB) treatment, faces significant challenges primarily due to hepatotoxicity and peripheral neuropathy as major side effects. These adverse effects often lead to poor patient compliance and treatment dropouts. The INH's metabolism is responsible for these adverse effects.

Nitrogen-rich nanoporous iron phosphonate as an acid-base bifunctional catalyst for efficient and selective CO conversion without co-catalyst and solvent.

Developing efficient and sustainable catalytic systems for carbon dioxide utilization is crucial in tackling the challenges posed by increasing greenhouse gas emissions. This study investigates the co-catalyst- and solvent-free cycloaddition of CO with epoxides using a series of iron-based metal phosphonates, FePPA (iron phenylphosphonate), FeHEDP (iron hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate), and FeEDTMP (iron ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonate), with the aim of elucidating the role of acidic-basic sites in enhancing their catalytic performance. These catalysts, prepared using phosphonic acids with various functional groups, offer a platform for examining how structural modifications influence CO fixation efficiency.

A framework for biosafety assessment of microbial strains in Biotechnology applications.

Biosafety refers to the principles and practices that prevent unintentional exposure to biological agents and limit their potential harm to humans and the environment. Therefore, we developed a comprehensive biosafety assessment framework for 40 microbial strains used in biotechnology, evaluating five key parameters: pathogenicity, immunogenicity, environmental persistence, genetic stability, and taxonomy. Principal component analysis showed that 84% of the risk variation was unrelated to taxonomy, emphasizing the need for strain-specific evaluations.

Comprehensive genomic assessment of available probiotics in India: A framework for safety and functionality evaluation.

Probiotic strains, defined as live microorganisms that confer health benefits to the host when administered in adequate amounts, are widely incorporated into commercial products. Therefore, assessing the safety and functional attributes of 20 commercially available probiotic strains using complete genome sequencing is of immediate importance. Our analysis revealed that 15% of the products were mislabeled, containing species different from those declared on the label.

Effect of cranial electro-stimulation on cognition in perimenopausal women: randomized control study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) on cognition among perimenopausal women.

Methods: The pretest-post-test randomized controlled trial was conducted between April 2024 and January 2025. Forty-six perimenopausal women, aged 40-55 years, were randomized into two groups: active CES ( = 23) or sham CES ( = 23).

Reliability of Digital Palpation to Perineometeric Scoring for Assessment of Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength: A Comparative Study.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the level of agreement between digital palpation and perineometeric scoring in measuring the strength of PFM. The objective was to ascertain the worth of digital assessment, enabling healthcare professionals to utilize it as a convenient screening and evaluation tool without the requirement of acquiring specialized equipment.

Materials And Methods: This study included 435 Indian women between the ages of 18 and 55 years.

Forensic analysis of formalin-fixed non-paraffin-embedded tissues: a comparative study of STR and mtDNA profiling.

Formalin fixation is a common practice for preserving forensic samples in developing countries like India, but it can adversely affect DNA quality and hinder downstream molecular analyses. This study investigated the effectiveness of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) typing in formalin-fixed, non-paraffin-embedded tissues when conventional Short Tandem Repeat (STR) profiling fails due to DNA degradation. Tissue samples from 30 deceased individuals were fixed in 10% unbuffered formalin and divided into four groups based on fixation duration (1-4 weeks).

Exploring the Interplay Between Physical Activity and Idiopathic Tinnitus Management: A Scoping Review on Severity Modulation and Perceptual Outcomes.

Unlabelled: Tinnitus, a condition characterized by the perception of ringing or buzzing in the ears, affects millions of individuals worldwide, often leading to significant distress, impaired quality of life, and mental health concerns. Despite the widespread nature of tinnitus, effective treatment strategies remain limited, with few established guidelines for management. Recent studies suggest that Physical Activity may play a role in modulating tinnitus severity and perception, providing potential relief for sufferers.

Beyond virus: Systematic review and meta-analysis on Impact of physical exercises on chikungunya sequelae of pain to functional restoration.

Background Objectives: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection often results in persistent sequelae, including chronic pain and functional limitations, significantly impacting quality of life. Physical exercise is a potential intervention, but its efficacy remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of physical exercises on chikungunya sequelae, focusing on pain reduction and functional restoration.

In-depth patient-specific analysis of tumor heterogeneity in melanoma brain metastasis: Insights from spatial transcriptomics and multi-region bulk sequencing.

Melanoma brain metastases (MBM) exhibit extensive intertumor and intratumor heterogeneity (ITH), driven by a complex tumor microenvironment. The aim of this study was to perform a detailed analysis of individual MBM patient tumors using a multiomics approach, integrating spatial transcriptomics with multi-region bulk exome, proteome, and transcriptome profiling for a small group of four patient samples. We identified significant patient-specific variations in immune cell infiltration, particularly in B/plasma cells, myeloid cells, and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs).

One-pot multi-component synthesis and biological evaluation of spirooxindole carbamate derivatives of major flavonoids isolated from oroxylum indicum: Identification of potent anti-proliferative leads active against hepatocellular carcinoma.

A series of 30 novel spirooxindole carbamate derivatives of flavonoids (chrysin, oroxylin A and baicailein) were synthesized in a one-pot three-component reaction via a sequence of Knoevenagel condensation, cyclization reactions in a highly efficient and selective manner. The structures of all the derivatives (6a-6 l, 7a-7 l and 8a-8f) were characterized by interpretation of NMR (H NMR, C NMR) and mass spectral data. The structures of the compounds 6d and 7f were further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction for the first time.

A pioneer review on lactoferrin as versatile macromolecular ligand for targeting cancer: recent advances.

This review critically evaluates the emerging role of lactoferrin, an iron-chelating glycoprotein, as a macromolecular ligand in precision cancer therapy. Lactoferrin exhibits potent anti-tumour, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties and targets cancer cells via high-affinity binding to transferrin and LDL receptor-related proteins, enhancing selectivity and minimizing off-target toxicity. It modulates key oncogenic pathways such as PI3K/Akt and MAPK to suppress tumour growth and metastasis.

Parental RNA interference (pRNAi) in insects: mechanisms, applications, and challenges in pest management.

Parental RNA interference (pRNAi) is a promising gene-silencing mechanism observed in progeny through the introduction of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in parental insects. This technique has been studied in multiple insect species, including Diabrotica virgifera virgifera and Tribolium castaneum, where it effectively reduces egg hatch rates and causes developmental abnormalities by targeting essential genes. pRNAi leverages the systemic RNAi pathway, wherein silencing signals initiated in the parent are transmitted to the offspring via maternal or paternal routes.

Conidiobolus spp.: A Rare Pathogen Causing Rhino-Facial Entomophthoramycosis: A Case Series.

Rhinofacial entomophthoramycosis is a rare chronic fungal infection caused by ., primarily affecting the nasal and facial regions of immunocompetent individuals in tropical and subtropical areas. This case series describes five patients diagnosed with this condition over three years at a district hospital.

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Liver Cancer: Regulation Through Natural Products.

Cancer is the prime cause of mortality and morbidity globally that demands a proactive strategy for the cure. Despite the availability of several anticancer management approaches and drugs, the treatment remains unsatisfactory due to associated unwanted effects and resistance by cancer cells. Extracellular factors, such as hypoxia, nutrient distress, and pH imbalance, cause alteration in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis, which, in turn, accumulates misfolded and unfolded proteins in the lumen of ER selectively recognized as ER-stress.

Responses of natural plastisphere community and zooplankton to microplastic pollution: a review on novel remediation strategies.

The ubiquitous presence of microplastics (MP) in different environments has been well documented. Microplastic contamination has rapidly become a serious environmental issue, threatening marine ecosystems and human health. MP has been reported to accumulate organic pollutants associated with various microbial communities.

Smart-Sandwich: A Thin Flexible Sensing Device Based on an Agarose-Chitosan-Agarose (ACA) Triple-Layer Biofilm for Onsite Monitoring of .

Portable, cost-effective, and durable thin-film sensors are essential for real-time detection, ensuring safe drinking water and public health protection. In this work, we developed a solid-state, flexible sensing device using an agarose-chitosan-agarose (ACA) sandwich biofilm for the selective colorimetric detection of in water. The chitosan in ACA biofilm functions as an artificial enzyme, exhibiting peroxidase-like activity, which catalyzes the oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (HO).

Exploring the impact of Backpack carrying on plantar pressure and gait patterns in children: A systematic review.

Background: Since ages backpacking has been accepted as an essential and convenient form of daily practice for carrying supplies to school. However, this daily act adds 8-12% of additional weight to the body's stipulated weight, which imposes negative impact on one's locomotor system.

Methods: Databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, PEDro, MEDLINE and Cochrane were searched in a thorough manner.

Comparative evaluation of antioxidants on the microshear bond strength of bleached enamel: An study.

Background: The aim was to compare and assess the effects of tocopherol, glutathione (GSH), and sodium ascorbate (SA) on bleached enamel's resin tooth-colored microshear bonding capacity.

Materials And Methods: After flattening, out 120 sound human premolars and dividing the teeth into four groups: Group A: No bleaching or antioxidants (the control group), Group B received SA, Group C received GSH, and Group D received tocopherol.

Results: The resin tooth-colored was bonded in just one step, and the microshear degree of adhesion of tooth-colored to bleached enamel was evaluated.

Effects of non-invasive brain stimulation on arousal and alertness among traumatic brain injury patients with disorders of consciousness or persistent vegetative State: a systematic review.

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often leads to disorders of consciousness (DOC) or persistent vegetative state (PVS), characterized by impaired arousal and awareness. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques have shown promise in modulating cortical excitability and potentially enhancing arousal and alertness in these patients. This systematic review aims to synthesize existing literature on the effects of NIBS on arousal and alertness among TBI patients with DOC or PVS.

In Vitro and In Vivo Investigations into the Potential of Quinazoline and Quinoline Derivatives as NorA Efflux Pump Inhibitors Against Resistant Strains.

is a highly lethal Gram-positive bacterium that is responsible for over one million deaths annually. As a member of the ESKAPE pathogens, its methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA) are prevalent worldwide and exhibit significant antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Bacterial efflux pumps play a pivotal role in the development of AMR by facilitating the expulsion of a range of antimicrobial agents.

Enhancing vaccine stability in transdermal microneedle platforms.

Micron-scale needles, so-called microneedles (MNs) offer a minimally invasive, nearly painless, and user-friendly method for effective intradermal immunization. Maintaining the stability of antigens and therapeutics is the primary challenge in producing vaccine or drug-loaded MNs. The manufacturing of MNs patches involves processes at ambient or higher temperatures and various physio-mechanical stresses that can impact the therapeutic efficacy of sensitive biologics or vaccines.

Deciphering multifaceted molecular mechanisms of matairesinol in inhibiting triple-negative breast cancer through comprehensive systems biology investigations.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), characterized by the absence of Estrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PR), and amplified HER2, represents an aggressive subtype devoid of targeted therapies, contributing to heightened mortality rates. Matairesinol (MAT) has demonstrated anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-migratory, and antiangiogenic activities. This study investigates MAT's therapeutic potential for TNBC, employing network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations.

Second primary malignancies following CAR T-cell therapy in patients with hematologic malignancies.

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has transformed the management of patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) hematologic malignancies, including B-cell lymphomas and multiple myeloma (MM). While data pertaining to the efficacy and toxicity associated with CAR-T have been widely reported, there are limited data on long-term complications. We retrospectively analyzed 246 patients treated with CAR-T for R/R B-cell lymphoma (n = 228) and MM (n = 18) at Ohio State University from 2016 to 2022, with a minimum of two years of follow-up.

Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on pre-competitive cognitive performance and anxiety in collegiate athletes: a randomized controlled trial.

Sports is a broad field in which success demands a lot of practice and self-discipline. The pressure to perform best and the emotional turmoil of the situation may cause pre-competitive anxiety, hence affecting an athlete's cognitive functions. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on pre-competitive anxiety and cognitive performance in collegiate athletes.