Preparatory attentional templates in prefrontal and sensory cortex encode target-associated information.

Visual search relies on the ability to use information about the target in working memory to guide attention and make target-match decisions. The 'attentional' or 'target' template is thought to be encoded within an inferior frontal junction (IFJ)-visual attentional network. While this template typically contains veridical target features, behavioral studies have shown that target-associated information, such as statistically co-occurring object pairs, can also guide attention.

Bioavailability and recalcitrance of humic-bonded dissolved organic nitrogen for algae uptake: Insights into eutrophication and metal interactions.

This study investigates the bioavailability of humic nitrogen (humic-N) to algae through controlled bioassay experiments. Algae were able to utilize dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) from both humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA), with bacterial co-culture enhancing uptake. Bioavailable nitrogen (BAN) from HA accounted for ~20 % of total nitrogen, whereas FA reached ~45 %, with bacterial presence further increasing FA utilization by about 6-7 %.

Exploring the Effect of Negative Mood on Working Memory Subprocesses: An Event-Related Potential Study.

Working memory (WM) regulates information flow through gate mechanisms, consisting of four subprocesses: gate opening, gate closing, updating, and substitution. However, their neural mechanisms remain underexplored. While emotion-cognition interactions are well studied, the effects of negative mood on these subprocesses are unclear.

Excited-State Wave Functions and Energies Predicted by Machine Learning Based on Graph Neural Networks.

Accurate and efficient simulation of photoinduced dynamics in materials remains a significant challenge due to the computational cost of excited-state electronic structure calculations and the necessity to account for excitonic effects. In this work, we present a machine learning (ML)-accelerated approach to nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations that incorporates excitonic effects by predicting excited-state wave functions via configuration interaction coefficients and excitation energies using a graph neural network (GNN) architecture. The GNN model leverages molecular orbital information from ground-state calculations to construct input graphs, enabling efficient and accurate prediction of relevant excited-state wave functions and energies required for ab initio-based fewest-switches surface hopping simulations.

Qualitative Analysis of a Nonautonomous Delayed Stochastic Predator-Prey Model with Beddington-DeAngelis Functional Response.

Predator-prey interactions constitute a fundamental dynamic governing population regulation, community structure, and ecosystem stability [...

The effects of music intervention on pediatric burn patients during treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Burns rank among the foremost causes of accidental death and injury in children and pediatric patients, and their treatment poses significant challenges. Music intervention has demonstrated considerable potential in alleviating pain and anxiety in pediatric burn patients during treatment. The present meta-analysis was designed to assess the impact of music intervention on the treatment of pediatric burn patients.

Dissociable Neural Connectome Mapping of Reward and Punishment Responsiveness in Young Adults: Associations with Genetic Variability and Neurotransmitter Profiles.

While the hyper- and hypo- reward or punishment sensitivities (RS, PS) have received considerable attention as prominent transdiagnostic features of psychopathology, the lack of an overarching neurobiological characterization currently limits their early identification and neuromodulation. Here we combined microarray data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas with a multimodal fMRI approach to uncover the neurobiological signatures of RS and PS in a discovery-replication design (N=655 healthy participants, 442 Females). Both RS and PS were mapped separately in the brain, with the functional connectome in the fronto-striatal network encoding reward responsiveness, while the fronto-insular system was particularly engaged in punishment sensitivity.

Can mechanical load and physiological intensity during gymnastics training explain physical adaptations? an observational study.

This study analyzed the relationships between physiological and mechanical training loads and subsequent physical strength and aerobic adaptations in youth gymnasts. A prospective cohort design monitored 40 local-level female artistic gymnasts (16.5 ± 1.

Effect of xylo-oligosaccharide on the in vitro proliferation of lactic acid bacteria from rabbits.

Background: Rabbits often suffer from diarrhea post-weaning, necessitating eco-friendly alternatives to banned antibiotic feed additives. This study aimed to investigate the effect of xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) on the in vitro proliferation of 94 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains derived from the gut of rabbits.

Results: XOS significantly enhanced the growth of 34 LAB strains (36.

Effect of toe box size on basketball-specific movement performance.

Purpose: While an expanded toe box (TB) design offers notable benefits for foot health in basketball players, its impact on movement performance remains insufficiently elucidated. This study aimed to explore this relationship and inform the development of advanced shoe designs.

Methods: We conducted a controlled laboratory study with a within-subject crossover design.

First record of Miller, Davis, Luong, Do, Pham, Ziegler, Lee, De Queiroz, Reynolds & Nguyen, 2020 from China (Serpentes, Xenodermidae), with updated diagnosis of this species.

Background: The enigmatic odd-scaled snake Miller, Davis, Luong, Do, Pham, Ziegler, Lee, De Queiroz, Reynolds & Nguyen, 2020, was described, based on only one male specimen from Ha Giang Province, northern Vietnam. To date, no other specimen was reported, except for the holotype and this species was considered to be endemic to Vietnam.

New Information: Based on one specimen collected from Malipo County, Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China, we provide the first record of from China.

Direct band-gap monolayer phosphorene pentagon-octagon-pentagon defects: highly anisotropic carrier transport and efficient photocatalytic activity.

Vacancy defects in two-dimensional (2D) materials are not merely structural imperfections but can be strategically engineered to boost and tailor their intrinsic properties. In this work, we propose a novel 2D polymorph of phosphorene, featuring a periodic array of vacancy-derived pentagon-octagon-pentagon (p-o-p) units in blue phosphorene, employing first-principles calculations combined with quasi-particle GW method. Structural optimization, positive phonon modes, mechanical resilience, and thermal stability up to 800 K collectively confirm its structural robustness, flexibility, and potential for experimental realization.

Efficient and Reliable Identification of Probabilistic Cloning Attacks in Large-Scale RFID Systems.

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology is widely applied in various scenarios, including logistics tracking, supply chain management, and target monitoring. In these contexts, the malicious cloning of legitimate tag information can lead to sensitive data leakage and disrupt the normal acquisition of tag information by readers, thereby threatening personal privacy and corporate security and incurring significant economic losses. Although some efforts have been made to detect cloning attacks, the presence of missing tags in RFID systems can obscure cloned ones, resulting in a significant reduction in identification efficiency and accuracy.

Legume Green Manure Further Improves the Effects of Fertilization on the Long-Term Yield and Water and Nitrogen Utilization of Winter Wheat in Rainfed Agriculture.

To revive the practice of planting legume green manure (GM) in the fallow period in rainfed agricultural areas, it is essential to demonstrate the benefits of this practice on the yields and water use efficiency (WUE) of subsequent crops, especially when integrating with optimized water and fertilizer management. We conducted a field experiment to determine the positive effects of planting legume GM in the summer fallow on the yield, WUE, and nitrogen uptake efficiency (NupE) of subsequent winter wheat, which was grown with plastic film mulching and integrated fertilization in the Loess Plateau of China. A split-plot-designed experiment was arranged with two main treatments, namely (1) wheat planting followed by GM planting in the summer fallow (GM) and (2) conventional wheat monoculture followed by bare land summer fallow (BL), and three sub-treatments: (1) control treatment without any chemical fertilizer (Ct), (2) application of chemical N, P, and K as basal fertilizer (B), and (3) application of basal fertilizer plus wheat straw return (BS).

The Functional Characterization of an AA10 Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase from 2-40 for Enhanced Chitin Biodegradation.

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) represent copper-dependent enzymes pivotal in breaking down resilient polysaccharides like cellulose and chitin by means of oxidation, creating more accessible sites for glycoside hydrolases. To elevate the conversion efficiency of chitin, an AA10 LPMO was identified from the genome of 2-40 and heterologously expressed. The optimal pH for the activity of recombinant LPMO10A is 9.

Federated Semi-Supervised Learning with Uniform Random and Lattice-Based Client Sampling.

Federated semi-supervised learning (Fed-SSL) has emerged as a powerful framework that leverages both labeled and unlabeled data distributed across clients. To reduce communication overhead, real-world deployments often adopt partial client participation, where only a subset of clients is selected in each round. However, under non-i.

Fine-Tuned Large Language Models for High-Accuracy Prediction of Band Gap and Stability in Transition Metal Sulfides.

This study presents a fine-tuned Large Language Model approach for predicting band gap and stability of transition metal sulfides. Our method processes textual descriptions of crystal structures directly, eliminating the need for complex feature engineering required by traditional ML and GNN approaches. Using a strategically selected dataset of 554 compounds from the Materials Project database, we fine-tuned GPT-3.

Exploring the Relationship Between Students' Language Learning Curiosity and Academic Achievement: The Mediating Role of Foreign Language Anxiety.

Curiosity and anxiety are critical emotional factors influencing language learning; yet, existing studies often overlook their combined effects and the mechanisms through which they shape academic achievements. This study aimed to explore the relationships among language learning curiosity, foreign language anxiety, and academic achievement among junior high school students. A total of 870 students from southeastern China, including 7 selected for semi-structured interviews, participated in the study.

ZIF-derived necklace-like N-doped porous carbon@MWCNTs loaded with Cu NPs for enhanced electrochemical sensing of dihydroxybenzene isomers.

Hydroquinone (HQ), catechol (CC), and resorcinol (RS), as toxic and hardly degradable dihydroxybenzene isomers, pose threats to the environment and human health. In this study, using multi - walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and ZIF-8 as precursors, a necklace-like N-doped carbon polyhedron/carbon nanotube composite loaded with Cu nanoparticle (Cu NPs/NC@MWCNTs) electrocatalyst was prepared by hydrothermal and high-temperature carbonization processes. Comprehensive characterization data from XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, BET, and Raman spectroscopy confirmed that the unique necklace-like porous structure and synergistic effect between ZIF-derived N-doped carbon polyhedra and MWCNTs regulate the electronic structure and surface properties of the catalyst, thereby accelerating the electron transfer rate.

Analysis of risk factors affecting knee injury during yoga based on medical big data analysis.

The integration of big data systems into the medical field has diversified applications. Health and medical big data is a specific project of information technology application in the future development of medical field. Data analysis and functional configurations are implemented following comprehensive data collection.

Headspace single-drop microextraction-digital image colorimetry based on Au@Ag nanoparticles for detection of sulfite and sulfide in environmental water samples.

A Au@Ag core-shell nanoparticles (NPs)-based digital image colorimetric method, coupled with headspace single-drop microextraction technique (HS-SDME), was developed for the sensitive speciation of sulfite and sulfide. The entire experiment was conducted in a compact headspace bottle with Au@Ag NPs as droplets that selectively reacted with HS to generate a brown product, prior to the readout of RGB values through a smartphone, thus to conduct the accurate qualitative and quantitative determination. In this way, the speciation differentiation of sulfite and sulfide was achieved by controlling their respective conditions of vapor generation.

Glycosyl Radicals Induced Ultrafast and Homogeneous Gelation for Mechanically Robust Hydrogels.

Rapid gelation remains essential in maintaining uniform network structures and mechanical properties under mild conditions. Here, we report a strategy based on a glycosyl radical to achieve rapid gelation within tens of seconds. Mechanistically, glycosyl sulfinates serve as efficient precursors to glycosyl radicals upon treatment with potassium persulfate (KPS) through a single-electron transfer process.

NiH-Catalyzed Regioselective Hydroamidation of Unactivated Alkenes with Dioxazolones.

A nickel-catalyzed intermolecular hydroamidation of alkenes with dioxazolones has been developed, enabling the efficient synthesis of valuable β- and γ-amino acid derivatives. The presence of a directing group is pivotal to the reaction's success. This methodology is characterized by mild reaction conditions, high regioselectivity, with excellent functional group tolerance, and the elimination of additional ligand requirements.