Experimental study of hydrochemical and microbial community characteristics during CO-water-mineral interactions.

Water resources are the foundation for human survival and development. Identifying the mechanisms of water resource evolution is a prerequisite for achieving water resource regulation and promoting regional sustainable development. The vadose zone is an important site for the water cycle and plays a significant role in the transformation of atmospheric precipitation into groundwater.

Varying Voltage Performance of Zn/H Co-Storage Caused by Active Site Restriction in Aqueous Zinc-Organic Batteries.

Imine-carbonyl compounds show high-capacity due to Zn/H co-storage, however, the impact of C═N and C═O interactions on Zn/H coordination remains underexplored. To address this, small organic molecules with the same number of active sites but differing positions of C═O and C═N groups are designed and selected. It is found that different relative positions cause spatial restriction of the C═N active site, making the bonding mode of zinc ions shift from N─Zn─O to O─Zn─O.

Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Crumb Rubber Tires Mixed with Silty Sand of Various Sizes and Percentages.

Every year, a billion tires are discarded worldwide, with only a small percentage being recycled. This leads to significant environmental hazards, such as fire risks and improper disposal. Silty sand also presents technical challenges due to its poor shear strength, susceptibility to erosion, and low permeability.

Water Body Extraction Methods for SAR Images Fusing Sentinel-1 Dual-Polarized Water Index and Random Forest.

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) technology has the characteristics of all-day and all-weather functionality; accordingly, it is not affected by rainy weather, overcoming the limitations of optical remote sensing, and it provides irreplaceable technical support for efficient water body extraction. To address the issues of low accuracy and unstable results in water body extraction from Sentinel-1 SAR images using a single method, a water body extraction method fusing the Sentinel-1 dual-polarized water index and random forest is proposed. This novel method enhances water extraction accuracy by integrating the results of two different algorithms, reducing the biases associated with single-method water body extraction.

Research on Q-Learning-Based Cooperative Optimization Methodology for Dynamic Task Scheduling and Energy Consumption in Underwater Pan-Tilt Systems.

Given the harsh working conditions of underwater pan-tilt systems, their energy consumption management is particularly crucial. This study proposes an underwater pan-tilt operation method with an automatic wake-up mechanism, which activates only upon target detection, replacing conventional timer-based triggering. Furthermore, departing from fixed-duration observation strategies, we introduce a Q-learning algorithm to optimize operational modes.

Robotic Arm Trajectory Planning in Dynamic Environments Based on Self-Optimizing Replay Mechanism.

In complex dynamic environments, robotic arms face multiple challenges such as real-time environmental changes, high-dimensional state spaces, and strong uncertainties. Trajectory planning tasks based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) suffer from difficulties in acquiring human expert strategies, low experience utilization (leading to slow convergence), and unreasonable reward function design. To address these issues, this paper designs a neural network-based expert-guided triple experience replay mechanism (NETM) and proposes an improved reward function adapted to dynamic environments.

A Welding Defect Detection Model Based on Hybrid-Enhanced Multi-Granularity Spatiotemporal Representation Learning.

Real-time quality monitoring using molten pool images is a critical focus in researching high-quality, intelligent automated welding. To address interference problems in molten pool images under complex welding scenarios (e.g.

Cracking mechanism and acoustic emission characteristics of granite under varying thermal effects.

Understanding the thermo-mechanical behavior of granite under high-temperature conditions is crucial for the safe and efficient development of deep geothermal resources. This study revealed the physico-mechanical properties, cracking mechanism and fracture precursor of granite via compression experiments with acoustic emission (AE) monitoring. Results indicated that 500 °C is the critical temperature for the brittle-ductile transition of granite, characterized by progressive degradation of P-wave velocity, Young's modulus, and uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) with increasing temperature, while peak strain shows an inverse trend.

Arctic zircon U-Pb ages reveal multiphase glaciations in East Siberia during the late Quaternary.

Tracing ice-rafted debris (IRD) in Arctic Ocean sediments is crucial for understanding the evolution of Northern Hemisphere ice cover. However, uncertainties in identifying the provenance of IRD across circum-Arctic shelves have complicated reconstructions of the East Siberian Ice Sheet (ESIS). Here, we present a provenance study using 10,111 detrital zircon U-Pb ages from circum-Arctic shelf sediments and central Arctic IRD.

Pedagogical applications of all-atom molecular dynamics simulation in coal seam seepage mechanics.

The low efficiency of water injection in low-permeability coal seams is the primary problem restricting safe production in coal mines. Self-diverting acidizing technology can effectively solve the problem of water injection in low-permeability coal seams through the uniform distribution of acid solution, and has become the core teaching content of coal seam seepage mechanics courses. However, the micro mechanism of this technology is complex and abstract, especially the gel state change of viscoelastic surfactant in the process of downhole flow, which constitutes the difficulty and pain point of the course teaching.

Hierarchically aligned reduced graphene oxide/MXene foam enabling Marangoni-driven salt-resistant desalination via bidirectional ion reflux.

Interfacial solar desalination has emerged as a sustainable pathway for treating high-salinity brines, but the non-equilibrium phase transition at the evaporation frontier inevitably induces self-amplifying crystallization to reduce purification efficiency. Herein, a hierarchically aligned reduced graphene oxide/MXene (Mr) foam is fabricated to optimize ion transport channels while reducing optical scattering interfaces that enhance solar energy utilization. The aligned layered structure with interconnected anisotropic microchannels is built under dual temperature gradients with the ice crystal exclusion, which significantly shortens the water transport path and facilitates diffusion and reflux of salt ions.

Thermochromic Smart Windows with Ultra-High Solar Modulation and Ultra-Fast Responsive Speed Based on Solid-Liquid Switchable Hydrogels.

Thermo-responsive hydrogels can dynamically modulate incident light, providing a broad prospect for development of smart windows, which are of pivotal importance for energy conservation in buildings. However, these hydrogels normally exhibit slow response speed and tend to contract over extended phase transition, compromising structural integrity of smart windows. In this study, a solid-liquid switchable thermochromic hydrogel, denoted as SL-PNIPAm, was synthesized by cross-linking PNIPAm with AMEO through dynamic imine bonds.

Nanozymes: a dual approach to bacterial colorimetric and luminescent detection and to bacterial pathogen killing.

Rapid identification of bacteria is a critical analytical procedure vital for laboratory diagnostics of infections and for monitoring technological processes in pharmaceuticals, the food industry, and agricultural biotechnology. Biosensor systems based on artificial enzyme mimics, nanozymes, offer a promising alternative to conventional bacterial detection methods due to their high sensitivity, rapid response times, and potential for miniaturization. Nanozymes possess advantageous properties such as high stability, tunable catalytic activity, and surface functionalization capabilities, enabling the development of portable point-of-care (POC) platforms for real-time, on-site pathogen detection.

A CSDG photoelectronic transistor based on simulation model mimicking dopamine-facilitated synaptic plasticity for high energy-efficient neuromorphic system.

Charge-trap transistors are widely used for the simulation of biological synaptic functions. However, the unique structure of silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) makes it difficult to simulate short-term memory (STM). Based on simulation modeling, this work proposes a cylindrical surrounding double-gate (CSDG) nanowire synaptic transistor with a Si N charge trap layer in direct contact with the channel.

Sampled-data control-based stabilization of fuzzy inertial quaternion-valued delayed neural networks with parameter uncertainties.

This paper addresses the exponential stabilization of fuzzy inertial quaternion-valued neural networks (FIQVNNs) with time-varying delay and parametric uncertainties. To this end, a non-fragile sampled-data controller incorporating a time-delay term is then designed for the first time to ensure the stability of FIQVNNs. Later, to further reduce conservatism, the improved reciprocally convex inequality is extended to quaternion domain.

Impacts of Kuroshio intrusion on algal blooms in the coastal waters adjacent to the Changjiang River estuary.

The Nearshore Kuroshio Branch Current (NKBC) in the East China Sea can extend across the continental shelf and reach the coastal waters adjacent to the Changjiang River estuary (CRE), where intensive blooms of dinoflagellates have been recorded for more than two decades. To understand the seasonal dynamics of dinoflagellate blooms and their relationship with NKBC intrusion in this region, monthly investigations were conducted from February 2015 to January 2016. During the investigations, a bloom of dinoflagellate Prorocentrum donghaiense, accompanied by diatom Thalassiosira spp.

RoSwish: A novel Rotating Swish activation function with adaptive rotation around zero.

This paper innovatively proposes the Rotating Swish (RoSwish) activation function to address the limitations of existing activation functions in terms of nonlinear expressive capabilities, which is mathematically defined as f(x)=(x+α)·sigmoid(β·x)-0.5·α. RoSwish integrates the advantageous features of Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU), Gaussian Error Linear Unit (GELU), Exponential Linear Unit (ELU), Parametric ReLU (PReLU), and Swish activation functions, achieving a unification of smoothness, gradient stability, self-gating effects, adaptability, etc.

Systemic and dynamic risk analysis of drilling construction based on bayesian network and system dynamics model.

Drilling construction is a key means to obtain underground resources and information, and construction risk also directly affects the safety, economy and sustainability of engineering projects. Aiming at the limitations of traditional risk assessment methods in the dynamic and systematic aspects, this paper proposes a comprehensive analysis method combining Bayesian network (BN) and system dynamics (SD). First, through expert interviews and field investigations, an evaluation system consisting of 5 dimensions and 20 indicators was established, and the combination of entropy weight method and expert score was used to empower the system.

Risk assessment of corn borer based on feature optimization and weighted spatial clustering: a case study in Shandong Province, China.

As a typical pest affecting corn yield and safety, corn borer causes serious economic losses worldwide. Climate warming has intensified the occurrence of pest outbreaks in recent years, but the associated risk has not been precisely assessed or understood. To address this gap, this paper took Shandong Province, China as a case study, and constructed a feature optimization model for the class imbalance problem and a novel risk assessment method to quantify the temporal and spatial distribution of corn borer occurrence risk.

One-Step In Situ Synthesis of a Reduced Graphene Oxide-Based Hybrid Hydrogel for Highly Efficient Water Evaporation and Comprehensive Wastewater Treatment.

Solar-driven wastewater treatment via integrated photothermal evaporation and photocatalysis has emerged as a promising approach for freshwater generation, but it is still a challenge in reconciling the fundamental conflict between charge carrier dynamics, where photothermal conversion inherently promotes electron-hole recombination while photocatalytic reactions demand efficient charge separation for optimal performance. Herein, a reduced graphene oxide/MXene-derived TiO/polyaniline (GMTP) hydrogel is fabricated, which realizes deep integration of photothermal and photocatalytic performance through multistage carrier pathway engineering and redox potential optimization. The well-designed heterojunction between polyaniline and TiO induces the thermalization of low-energy carriers through interfacial recombination to induce solar-to-thermal energy conversion, while spatially segregated high-energy carriers with preserved redox potentials initiate cascade reactions involving •OH and •O for contaminant degradation.

DFPS: An Efficient Downsampling Algorithm Designed for the Global Feature Preservation of Large-Scale Point Cloud Data.

This paper introduces an efficient 3D point cloud downsampling algorithm (DFPS) based on adaptive multi-level grid partitioning. By leveraging an adaptive hierarchical grid partitioning mechanism, the algorithm dynamically adjusts computational intensity in accordance with terrain complexity. This approach effectively balances the global feature retention of point cloud data with computational efficiency, making it highly adaptable to the growing trend of large-scale 3D point cloud datasets.

Experimental Study and Application of TPO Waterproofing Membrane Lapping Process Parameters.

Taking the TPO waterproofing membrane as an example, this paper studies the influence of temperature, speed and welding pressure on the welding quality of a TPO waterproofing membrane lap area through a peel test and a water impermeability test, determines the optimal construction process, and observes and compares the permeable path through laser confocal microscope. Finally, it is applied to the actual effect test in the project. The results show that the welding pressure test tool for the lap area of the waterproofing membrane is designed to meet the welding work test requirements of various lap areas of the waterproofing membrane.

Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Global Anthropogenic Methane Emissions: Spatial Patterns, Decoupling Trends and Inequalities.

In recent years, methane (CH) emissions have risen faster than carbon dioxide, raising significant concerns. Understanding the spatiotemporal evolution of CH emissions, their inequality, and the decoupling of economic growth from emissions is crucial for developing effective reduction policies. This study applies Moran's I index, the Tapio decoupling index, and the Theil index to analyze global CH emissions from 177 countries and regions between 2002 and 2022.

Pre-Warning for the Remaining Time to Alarm Based on Variation Rates and Mixture Entropies.

Alarm systems play crucial roles in industrial process safety. To support tackling the accident that is about to occur after an alarm, a pre-warning method is proposed for a special class of industrial process variables to alert operators about the remaining time to alarm. The main idea of the proposed method is to estimate the remaining time to alarm based on variation rates and mixture entropies of qualitative trends in univariate variables.

Multi-mode mobile mechanism based on anti-parallelogram and parallelogram mechanisms.

Multi-link mechanisms can adapt to different terrains through deformation, and have certain advantages in terrain adaptability and obstacle overcoming. Therefore, this paper designs a kind of multi-mode mobile mechanism with multi-link based on two anti-parallelogram mechanism units and two parallelogram mechanism units. Firstly, the morphological change characteristics of parallelogram mechanism unit and anti-parallelogram mechanism unit are analyzed, and then obtain the construction method of the multi-mode mobile mechanism.