A Multimodal Predictive Model for Chronic Kidney Disease and Its Association With Vascular Complications in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Model Development and Validation Study in South Korea and the U.K.

Objective: To develop a multimodal model to predict chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), given the limited research on this integrative approach.

Research Design And Methods: We obtained multimodal data sets from Kyung Hee University Medical Center (n = 7,028; discovery cohort) for training and internal validation and UK Biobank (n = 1,544; validation cohort) for external validation. CKD was defined based on ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes and/or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≤60 mL/min/1.

Advances in T-Cell-Directed Immunotherapy for Adult Mature B-Cell Lymphoma: A Comprehensive Review of CAR T-Cell and Bispecific Antibody Therapies.

B-cell lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of malignancies with a high relapse rate after conventional therapies. T-cell-mediated immunotherapies, notably chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies and T-cell-engaging bispecific antibodies (BsAbs), have transformed treatment paradigms by harnessing the immune system to target malignant cells. This review analyzes the efficacy and safety profiles of several CD19-targeted CAR T-cell therapies and emerging CD20xCD3 BsAbs across various B-cell lymphoma subtypes.

Exploring the Correlation of Childhood Trauma With the Behavioral Activation and Inhibition System in Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar I and II Disorders.

Objective: Studies examining the relationship between the behavioral inhibition system (BIS), behavioral activation system (BAS), and mood disorders in individuals who have experienced childhood trauma remain limited. This study aimed to investigate the associations between childhood trauma, the BIS/BAS, and mood disorders.

Methods: This study included 1,026 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD, n=338), bipolar I disorder (BD-I, n=152), bipolar II disorder (BD-II, n=536), and 734 comparisons.

Fine-mapping genomic loci refines bipolar disorder risk genes.

Bipolar disorder is a heritable mental illness with complex etiology. While the largest published genome-wide association study identified 64 bipolar disorder risk loci, the causal SNPs and genes within these loci remain unknown. We applied a suite of statistical and functional fine-mapping methods to these loci and prioritized 17 likely causal SNPs for bipolar disorder.

An Intrinsically Stretchable Skin-Adhesive Actuator With Structurally Anisotropic Multiphase Microarchitectures.

Skin-attachable actuators require robust adhesion and high-fidelity feedback to conform to the skin under extreme deformation, integrating seamlessly while minimizing damping effects for diverse practical applications. Current rigid haptic interfaces and soft dielectric materials are limited to operating effectively within specific resonance frequencies, exhibiting a mechanical mismatch with human skin, which reduces their effectiveness on highly deformable body parts and decreases the accuracy of vibration feedback. Moreover, intrinsically stretchable dielectric materials face challenges caused by layer integration and significant damping from single anisotropic architectures.

Dual Use of Electronic Cigarettes and Cigarettes Elevates Risk of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Mental Health Issues: Insights from a Korean Health Survey.

Purpose: Significant differences exist between the toxicity and adverse outcomes of conventional cigarettes and electronic cigarettes. However, spirometry-based clinical outcome analyses in the general population have not been widely studied. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with electronic cigarette use among individuals with different smoking status and pulmonary function test results.

Associations of time in tight range, time in range, and glycated hemoglobin with albuminuria in type 1 diabetes: A cross-sectional study.

Aims: We aimed to establish an independent association between time in tight range (TITR) and the risk of albuminuria, and to compare the relationships of TITR, time in range (TIR), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) with albuminuria in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed 14-day raw continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data from 615 individuals with T1D. Albuminuria was defined as a spot urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥ 30 mg/g.

Developing a Bimanual Task-Oriented Training Program for Young Children With Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: A Delphi Consensus Study.

Importance: Children with unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP) experience motor impairments that affect daily functioning. Despite clinical improvements with current therapies, evidence-based practices for home settings are lacking.

Objective: To develop a tailored, task-specific, home-based upper limb training program for children with UCP using the Delphi method to bridge the gap between therapy and daily life improvements.

Risk of Neurodevelopmental Disorders in the Offspring of Young Female Cancer Survivors.

This study aimed to examine the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in cJihye Heohildren born to female cancer survivors under 40 years old. Using nationwide retrospective data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2019, we included 19,474 children born to female cancer survivors under 40 years old. Propensity-score matching (1:3) with 58,422 controls born to women without cancer was conducted.

Spatial and genomic profiling of residual breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy unveil divergent fates for each breast cancer subtype.

Residual cancer burden (RCB) is a strong prognostic marker after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer (BC), yet some BCs defy their predicted outcomes. Using single-cell spatial transcriptomics and genomic profiling, we investigate mechanisms underlying divergent fates of BCs with high RCB across subtypes. In triple-negative BC (TNBC), CXCL9+ macrophage-CD8 T cell interactions via chemokines and interferon-gamma signaling promote favorable outcomes, while SPP1+ macrophage-cancer cell interactions driven by hypoxia signaling correlate with poor prognosis.

MXenes enhance electrocatalytic water electrolysis of NiFe layered double hydroxides through bifunctional heterostructuring.

Transition metal-based layered double hydroxides (TM-LDHs) are among the most promising catalytic materials for the electrochemical reactions involved in energy conversion and storage technology. We systematically investigate NiFe-LDH-based electrocatalysts toward application in water electrolysis. We start with the highly accurate advanced density functional theory description of NiFe-LDH's fundamental properties, and demonstrate that coupling a spin-polarized p-band or d-band center model with the Gibbs free energy calculations explains NiFe-LDH's oxygen evolution reaction (OER) mechanism.

γδ T-cell-derived IL-17A stimulates airway epithelial/stromal cells to secrete G-CSF, promoting lung-specific pathogenic Siglec-F neutrophil development in PPE-induced emphysema.

Neutrophils play a pivotal role in the progression of IL-17-mediated airway inflammation, but the mechanisms underlying their pathological differentiation remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified a distinct population of lung-specific pathogenic Siglec-F neutrophils in a porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE)-induced mouse model of emphysema. Compared with conventional neutrophils, these Siglec-F neutrophils exhibited increased phagocytic activity, increased extracellular trap formation, increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, and reduced IL-10 levels.

Spatial omics enters the microscopic realm: opportunities and challenges.

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) enables systematic profiling of whole-transcriptome gene expression in tissues while preserving spatial context. Recent advances in sequencing- and imaging-based ST technologies have ushered in the era of microscopic-resolution ST (μST), allowing transcriptome mapping at cellular and even subcellular scales with unprecedented precision. Despite these advances, μST faces substantial challenges, including sparse transcript discovery per submicron (or micron)-sized spatial units and data fragmentation across platforms, hindering integration and analysis.

Trends and Outcomes of Lung Cancer Surgery in South Korea.

Purpose: This study analyzed nationwide trends in lung cancer surgery in South Korea over 14 years, focusing on surgical volume, patient demographics, surgical approaches, and outcomes.

Materials And Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study using nationwide health insurance claims data (124,334 cases) and robotic surgery data (1,740 cases) provided by the manufacturer. Patients who underwent lung cancer surgery between 2010 and 2023 were included.

Real-World Clinical Practice on Skin Rejuvenation Among Korean Board-Certified Dermatologists: Survey-Based Results.

Background: Skin rejuvenation has become an increasingly popular noninvasive approach to address age-related changes such as sagging, wrinkles, and skin laxity. Energy-based devices (EBDs) and injectables are widely used, but their application requires careful customization based on individual patient characteristics to optimize outcomes and minimize potential adverse effects.

Objective: This study aimed to explore clinical practice patterns among board-certified dermatologists in South Korea, focusing on their strategies for tailoring skin rejuvenation treatments to individual patients, including the integration of EBDs, injectables, and senotherapeutics.

Cost-benefit analysis of a trifocal intraocular lens versus a monofocal intraocular lens in South Korea.

This study aimed to estimate the net monetary benefit (NMB) of trifocal intraocular lenses (IOL) versus monofocal IOL in South Korea according to patient age. A hybrid model with a short-term decision tree, followed by a lifetime Markov model, was developed. The study considered patients aged 45-75 years old.

Large Language Models in Medicine: Clinical Applications, Technical Challenges, and Ethical Considerations.

Objectives: This study presents a comprehensive review of the clinical applications, technical challenges, and ethical considerations associated with using large language models (LLMs) in medicine.

Methods: A literature survey of peer-reviewed articles, technical reports, and expert commentary from relevant medical and artificial intelligence journals was conducted. Key clinical application areas, technical limitations (e.

Investigation of ion diffusion in polyethylene oxide-based solid electrolyte with functionalized La(OH) nanofibers for high-rate all-solid-state lithium-metal batteries.

Solid polymer electrolytes have emerged as promising materials for next-generation lithium metal batteries due to their enhanced safety and high energy density potential. However, their widespread adoption is hindered by slow ion transport and inefficient lithium-ion (Li) selectivity. To overcome these limitations, this study introduces a composite electrolyte by incorporating functionalized La(OH) nanofibers with oxygen vacancies into a Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) matrix.

Time in tight range and time in range for predicting the achievement of typical glucose management indicator and HbA targets.

Aims/hypothesis: This study aimed to compare the ability of time in tight range (TITR) and time in range (TIR) to predict the achievement of typical glucose management indicator (GMI) and HbA targets.

Methods: This cross-sectional analysis included 773 adults with diabetes receiving insulin therapy who visited Samsung Medical Center between June 2019 and December 2023 and wore a Dexcom G6 or FreeStyle Libre continuous glucose monitor for at least 90 days (sensor wear time, ≥70%). A receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to compare the ability of TITR and TIR to predict GMI and HbA targets.

Relationship Between Problematic Alcohol Use and Various Psychiatric Disorders: A Genetically Informed Study.

Objective: Problematic alcohol use (PAU) adversely affects the clinical course of psychiatric disorders. Genetic studies have suggested that genetic factors underlie the co-occurrence of PAU with psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to elucidate shared genetic architectures, prioritizing genes that disorders may have in common.

Risk of Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: A Nationwide Cohort Study in South Korea.

Objective: To investigate the risk of autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) in multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) compared with a control population using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database.

Patients And Methods: The MS/NMOSD cohorts were collected from patients registered in the Korean National Health Insurance Service database between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2017, using the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision diagnosis codes and information in the Rare Intractable Disease management program. The incidence rate and risk of ARDs that occurred after a 1-year lag period was calculated and compared with that of control cohorts matched for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia in a 1:10 ratio.

Association between the body mass index and risk of cardiovascular events in sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor users compared with dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 inhibitor users: A nationwide cohort study in Korea.

Aims: There is limited evidence regarding whether obesity modifies the association between the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) and the risk of cardiovascular events. We assessed whether baseline body mass index (BMI) modifies the association between SGLT2i use and the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and heart failure (HF) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Materials And Methods: We used the nationwide claims data of Korea (September 2014-December 2022) to construct an active-comparator, new-user cohort of patients with T2D stratified by the Asian BMI categories: normal weight, 18.

Bio-inspired artificial mechanoreceptors with built-in synaptic functions for intelligent tactile skin.

Tactile perception involves the preprocessing of signals from slowly adapting and fast-adapting afferent neurons, which exhibit synapse-like interactions between mechanoreceptors and their dendrites or terminals, transmitting signals to the brain. Emulating these adaptation and sensory memory functions is crucial for artificial tactile sensing systems. Here, inspired by human tactile afferent systems, we present an array of artificial synaptic mechanoreceptors with built-in synaptic functions by vertically integrating synaptic transistors with a reduced graphene oxide channel, an ionogel gate dielectric and an elastomeric fingerprint-like receptive layer in an all-in-one platform.

Risk of new-onset polymyalgia rheumatica following COVID-19 vaccination in South Korea: a self-controlled case-series study.

Background: While several studies have reported some cases of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) following COVID-19 vaccination, studies using large databases are lacking.

Objectives: To investigate the risk of PMR after COVID-19 vaccination using self-controlled case series (SCCS) analysis METHODS: We used the National Health Insurance Database, linked with the COVID-19 registry between February 2021 and August 2023, to identify adults aged 50 years or older who received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine and subsequently diagnosed with PMR within the observation period, defined as 240 days after the first dose of vaccine. The risk window was defined as 28 days after each dose of COVID-19 vaccination, and the control window encompassed the remainder of the observation period.

Research Advances in Rare-Earth-Based Solid Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Batteries.

All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) and solid-state electrolytes (SSE) have emerged as promising alternative energy storage devices for traditional lithium-ion batteries, drawing significant attention from researchers. Notably, SSE materials incorporating rare earth elements have demonstrated remarkable advancements in terms of ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability, and cycle-reversible performance. The unique electron layer structures of rare earth elements facilitate diverse energy level transitions.