Multi-Region Brain Organoids Integrating Cerebral, Mid-Hindbrain, and Endothelial Systems.

Brain organoid technology has revolutionized the ability to model human neurodevelopment in vitro. However, current techniques remain limited by their reliance on simplified endothelial cell populations. Multi-Region Brain Organoids (MRBOs) are engineered that integrate cerebral, mid/hindbrain, and complex endothelial organoids into one structure.

Synergetic effects of hemp-banana-bamboo hybridization on mechanical, fracture and dynamic properties of cellulose-rich natural fiber composites.

This study investigates the mechanical, fracture, and vibrational properties of hybrid natural fiber reinforced composites, incorporating hemp, banana, and bamboo-based Cellulose-rich fibers. Combining cellulose-rich fibers with complementary properties, seven different composites (pure and hybrid) with epoxy as the matrix were prepared using compression molding method. Unlike prior studies focusing on single fiber composites, this work systematically examines two and tri-fiber hybrid composites to optimize mechanical and dynamic performance.

Universal, selective and indicated parenting interventions to prevent the development of adverse mental health outcomes in youth: a meta-review of systematic reviews.

Background: Preventive interventions in the form of parenting support can reduce the risk of mental disorders in children. Summarising the effectiveness of parenting interventions across different levels of prevention can inform the prioritisation of the intervention.

Objectives: We conducted a meta-review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses on universal, selective and indicated parenting interventions to prevent adverse mental health outcomes in youth.

Examining the unfair concentration of non-institutional deliveries among poor households in India: a study of predictors and wealth-based inequality.

Background: Non-institutional deliveries, defined as childbirth outside healthcare facilities, remain a significant global concern. It poses serious maternal and child health problems and significantly contributes to maternal and infant mortality. India witnessed a sustained decrease in non-institutional deliveries in thepast 20 years.

Clinical determinants for survival following emergency thoracotomy in trauma patients: An 8-year experience from a level 1 trauma center.

Purpose: Emergency thoracotomy (ET) is a life-saving procedure performed during emergency resuscitation of patients in extremis. The controversy around such an invasive and resource-consuming procedure still lingers after so many years of its introduction. ET can serve as one of several indicators of trauma center efficiency and with information about the trauma system's overall preparedness, resources, and training.

Impact of resveratrol on neutrophil extracellular traps.

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and the process of NETosis have emerged as critical participants in various pathological conditions. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol found in several plants, has received significant attention due to its potential therapeutic properties. The purpose of this review is to investigate how resveratrol affects NETs and NETosis.

Gastric mucosal differentially expressed genes after bariatric surgery: Effects on sterol-related pathways.

Obesity is currently recognized as a serious global health problem, which accounts for a considerable morbidity and mortality burden. Bariatric surgery is widely accepted as one of the most effective treatments for severe obesity. Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) is a common type of bariatric surgery.

Helicobacter pylori associated MicroRNA and transcriptional networks in gastric pathogenesis: Exploring the epigenetic dialogue landscape.

The pathogenicity of Helicobacter pylori infection is a well-documented risk factor for gastric ailments such as ulcer and cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie its pathogenic effects are only partially understood. To address the research gap, this study utilizes a comprehensive bioinformatic approach to identify key microRNAs (miRNAs) that target high-risk genes associated with H.

Transformer based models with hierarchical graph representations for enhanced climate forecasting.

Accurate climate predictions are essential for agriculture, urban planning, and disaster management. Traditional forecasting methods often struggle with regional accuracy, computational demands, and scalability. This study proposes a Transformer-based deep learning model for daily temperature forecasting, utilizing historical climate data from Delhi (2013-2017, consisting of 1,500 daily records).

Effect of obturation techniques on fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth.

The success of endodontic treatment depends on the obturation method that influences the structural strength of treated teeth. Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate the fracture resistance of 60 single-rooted premolars using Cold Lateral Compaction, Warm Vertical Compaction, or the Single Cone Technique with Bioceramic Sealer, followed by compressive testing after four weeks in artificial saliva. The Single Cone Technique with Bioceramic Sealer showed the highest fracture resistance (600±55 N) followed by Warm Vertical Compaction (520±45 N), while Cold Lateral Compaction had the lowest resistance (450±50 N) (p<0.

Perceived Factors Affecting Patient Disclosure on Matters Concerning Contraception and Sexual History in Young Adults in Bengaluru, Karnataka.

Background: In India, cultural norms imply that premarital sex rarely occurs. These beliefs contrast sharply with an increase in permissiveness toward premarital sex and the possibility of unprotected, risky sexual behavior. Young adults may hesitate to discuss their sexual history and contraceptive concerns with doctors, resulting in adverse reproductive health outcomes.

Sialic acid-functionalized nanomaterials for targeted cancer therapy, diagnosis, and theranostics.

Targeted cancer therapy, by leveraging the overexpression of specific molecules on tumors, such as sialic acid (SA), offers a promising strategy to enhance antitumor efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. SA modification of nanomaterials can target both tumor cells and tumor-associated immune cells, thereby improving drug delivery and therapeutic outcomes. Tumor cells with high SA expression bind to sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) and selectins expressed on tumor-associated immune cells, potentially contributing to immunosuppression.

Enhanced power density in solid oxide fuel cells using nickel-assisted gadolinium-doped ceria anodes.

This study demonstrates the use of Gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC) (Ce₀.Gd₀.₂O₂) as the anode, BaNb₄MoO₂₀ (BNMO) as the electrolyte, and Lanthanum strontium cobalt oxide (LSCO) (La₀.

Enhancing curcumin's efficacy with zinc oxide nanoparticles: A dynamic duo in combatting disease.

The combination of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and Curcumin (Cur) has garnered significant attention due to its therapeutic potential (e. g., cancer treatment, wound healing, and antioxidant applications).

Weak localization in pure and Cr-doped MoS macroparticles probed through a low field magnetoimpedance effect.

Globular MoS with Cr doping, exhibiting a flake-like texture, was studied through AC magnetoelectric transport to identify weak charge localization that is not identified using magnetic measurements, in order to establish inhomogeneity-driven magnetoelectric coupling. Hydrothermally synthesized MoS had a mixed 2H/1T phase in native conditions. Upon doping, the proportion of the 1T phase increased.

Exploring the hepatoprotective effects of apples: A comprehensive review of bioactive compounds and molecular mechanisms.

Liver dysfunction contributes to various hepatic disorders, including hepatic steatosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and hepatocellular carcinoma, posing significant global health challenges. This review aims to evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of apples and their bioactive compounds, such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, and polysaccharides, by analyzing their molecular mechanisms, cellular effects, and therapeutic applications. These apple-derived compounds, particularly ursolic acid, procyanidins, quercetin, and polyphenolic extracts, exert their hepatoprotective effects by boosting the activities of antioxidant enzymes, lowering oxidative stress, and activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway.

Naringenin attenuates hepato-nephrotoxicity induced by aluminum nanoparticles through the mitigation of oxidative stress and apoptosis.

Background: Aluminum nanoparticles (Al-NPs) are produced by the biodegradation of naturally occurring aluminium metal which can induce physiological toxicities. Naringenin (NAR) is a natural flavonoid possessing therapeutic properties, particularly encountering the toxicity associated with heavy metals.

Methods: This study assessed the effects of NAR on Al-NPs-induced hepato-renal toxicity on mice exposed to Al-NPs (6 mg/kg b.

British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines on inflammatory bowel disease in adults: 2025.

In response to recent advancements in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) management, the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) Clinical Services and Standards Committee (CSSC) has commissioned the BSG IBD section to update its guidelines, last revised in 2019. These updated guidelines aim to complement the IBD standards and promote the use of the national primary care diagnostic pathway for lower gastrointestinal symptoms to enhance diagnostic accuracy and timeliness. Formulated through a systematic and transparent process, this document reflects a consensus of best practices based on current evidence.

Wireless & portable smartphone assisted electrochemical platform for on-site monitoring of chloramphenicol drug.

Precise detection of antibiotic residues such as chloramphenicol (CAP) remains challenging due to their widespread use in veterinary, food, medical, and environmental sectors. Herein, we report a smartphone-assisted electrochemical sensor with graphene oxide (GO) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for the sensitive detection of CAP. The system integrates with both a traditional Autolab potentiostat and a pocket size Palmsens potentiostat.

A comparative analysis of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in pediatric and adult patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a significant treatment option for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, some important questions remain related to its efficacy and safety, specifically when administered to various age cohorts among pediatric and adult patients.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of HSCT in treating pediatric patients compared to adult patients diagnosed with AML.

Mycorrhizal symbioses and tree diversity in global forest communities.

Unraveling the mechanisms underlying the maintenance of species diversity is a central pursuit in ecology. It has been hypothesized that ectomycorrhizal (EcM) in contrast to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can reduce tree species diversity in local communities, which remains to be tested at the global scale. To address this gap, we analyzed global forest inventory data and revealed that the relationship between tree species richness and EcM tree proportion varied along environmental gradients.

Evaluating the Efficacy of Chemical and Herbal Endodontic Irrigants in Smear Layer Removal: An Analysis.

Aim: The current research is designed to analyze the smear layer (SL) removal efficacy of different endodontic irrigants via scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Materials And Methods: Eighty extracted premolars were gathered and allocated into four groups ( = 20) based on the array of endodontic irrigants employed: Group 1: Normal saline (NS), Group 2: 17% EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), Group 3: Neem leaf extract (NLE), and Group 4: Garlic solution (GS). SL elimination was evaluated beneath SEM at upper, intermediate, and apical levels of root canals.

Study of Dermatoglyphic Patterns (Ridge Count and Angle) in Bronchial Asthma: A Case Control Study.

Introduction: Dermatoglyphic patterns can be used as a diagnostic method for identification of a variety of diseases like bronchial asthma.

Objective: To evaluate dermatoglyphic patterns (ridge count and angle) as a noninsidious anatomical marker of bronchial asthma.

Materials And Methods: The present research was done on 102 clinically diagnosed bronchial asthma patients reported to OPD of the department of T.

Evaluating the Remineralizing Potential of Dentifrices Containing Lemon Essential Oil.

Aim: The study's aim to evaluate the remineralization potential of essential oil containing dentifrices.

Materials And Methods: Thirty extracted premolars were collected and sectioned at cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) and through buccal and lingual halves. Thirty samples without cracks were embedded into acrylic blocks and examined for baseline hardness level by Vickers hardness tester (VHT).

A Comparative Evaluation of Four Different Regression Equation Based Mixed Dentition Analysis in Children and Young Adolescents of Bihar Population.

Aim: To evaluate four regression equation-based mixed dentition analyses in a Patna population and assess their accuracy and correlation.

Materials And Methods: This study analyzed 84 school children aged 11-13. Dental impressions were used to measure tooth dimensions with calipers.