Single-Cell Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Dynamic Cell Populations and Immune Infiltration in Moyamoya Disease.

Background: The cellular composition and molecular mechanisms of the pathological arteries in Moyamoya disease (MMD) remain poorly understood. To improve our understanding of pathogenesis in MMD, we aimed to comprehensively map the cellular composition and molecular alterations within the pathological arteries of patients with MMD.

Methods: Superficial temporal artery samples were collected from patients with MMD (n=2) and healthy controls (n=3), yielding a total of 26 371 cells that were used for single-cell RNA sequencing.

Disruption of Spike Priming in Virus Entry: Tetrandrine as a Pan-Coronavirus Inhibitor.

The emergence of novel and highly transmissible coronavirus (CoVs) highlights the urgent need for broad-spectrum antiviral agents. In our pursuit of effective treatments for coronavirus, we identified tetrandrine, the traditional Chinese medicine, as a pan-coronavirus inhibitor, exhibiting efficacy against HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, SARS-CoV-2, and its major variants of concern (VOCs), including alpha, beta, and omicron. Mechanistic investigations revealed that tetrandrine primarily targets the viral entry stage by binding to the Spike protein, disrupting its interaction with the host protease transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), and promoting Spike protein degradation, ultimately blocking the membrane fusion.

Influence of Echocardiographic Criteria on the Prevalence and Prognostic Implication of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.

Background: Echocardiographic criteria of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) recommended in the international guidelines are derived from a White population, which could be less accurate in estimating LVH burden in other ethnic groups. Given that LVH is an important prognostic factor, assessing its burden using ethnically specific criteria has important implications. We sought to evaluate the prevalence and prognostic implications of LVH based on the EMINCA (Echocardiographic Measurements in Normal Chinese Adults) study criteria and the international guidelines.

Advances in moyamoya disease: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutic interventions.

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a type of cerebrovascular disease characterized by occlusion of the distal end of the internal carotid artery and the formation of collateral blood vessels. Over the past 20 years, the landscape of research on MMD has significantly transformed. In this review, we provide insights into the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutic interventions in MMD.

Association of handgrip strength weakness and asymmetry with later life pain risk in middle-aged and older individuals: Results from four prospective cohorts.

Objectives: The burden of pain in middle-aged and older adults is considerable and significantly increases healthcare expenditures. We aimed to investigate the roles of handgrip strength (HGS) weakness and asymmetry in predicting pain across four nationally representative cohorts.

Methods: This longitudinal study utilized data from four major surveys: the Health and Retirement Study (HRS); the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA); the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE); and the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).

Identification of Rare Variants in Patients With Williams Syndrome and Severe Peripheral Pulmonary Stenosis.

Background: Peripheral pulmonary stenosis (PPS) is a condition characterized by the narrowing of the pulmonary arteries, which impairs blood flow to the lung. The mechanisms underlying PPS pathogenesis remain unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the genetic background of patients with severe PPS to elucidate the pathogenesis of this condition.

Comparative analysis of paraspinal muscle imbalance between idiopathic scoliosis and congenital scoliosis from the transcriptome aspect.

Background: Previous studies have analyzed paraspinal muscle imbalance in idiopathic scoliosis (IS) with methods including imaging, histology and electromyography. However, whether paraspinal muscle imbalance is the cause or the consequence of spinal deformities in IS remains unclear. Comparison of paraspinal muscle imbalance between IS and congenital scoliosis (CS) may shed some light on the causality of paraspinal muscle imbalance and IS.

Saponin Protects Against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Through Lipid Metabolism Modulation.

Background People with diabetes are more likely to develop cardiovascular diseases. Lipotoxicity plays a key role in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. saponin (PNS) has been used to treat diabetes and obesity.

Habitation Altitude and Left Ventricular Diastolic Function: A Population-Based Study.

Background Although numerous studies have been published evaluating the positive or negative effects of altitude on cardiovascular disease, many of them are conflicting. Methods and Results Data come from 2 cross-sectional surveys using a similar method in China; and a total of 34 215 residents, aged ≥35 years, were eligible and recruited in the study. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD), according to the 2009 American Society of Echocardiography guidelines, was defined and evaluated.

Effect of Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest Versus Moderate Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest in Aortic Arch Surgery on Postoperative Renal Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background Moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest (MHCA) has been widely used in aortic arch surgery. However, the renal function after MHCA remains controversial. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis direct comparison of the postoperative renal function of MHCA versus deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) in aortic arch surgery.

Robotic-assisted compared with conventional total hip arthroplasty: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Robotic-assisted total hip arthroplasty (THA) allows for accurate preoperative planning and component positioning, potentially enhancing implant survival and long-term outcomes. The relative efficacy and safety of robotic-assisted and conventional THA, however, are unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the safety and efficacy of robotic-assisted and conventional THA.