Lignin-mediated AgCoOS bimetal oxysulfide catalysts for highly efficient catalytic reduction of organic and Cr(VI) pollutants in the dark.

Lignin, a negatively charged, three-dimensional natural biopolymer, serves as an ideal support for metal catalysts due to its abundant functional groups and tunable chemical properties, which enable strong metal coordination and effective immobilization. Herein, we demonstrate a lignin-mediated Co/O co-doped AgS, symbolized as L-AgCoOS, bimetal oxysulfide catalyst via a facile hydrolysis method for the efficient reduction of toxic phenolic compounds (4-nitrophenol, 4-NP), organic dyes (methyl orange (MO), methylene blue (MB), rhodamine B (RhB), and heavy metal ions Cr(VI)) under dark conditions. Lignin, used to immobilize catalysts, also contributes to increasing the number of active catalytic sites and enhancing catalytic activity.

In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Seaweeds From the Bay of Bengal Coastal Region in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW264.7 Cells.

Seaweeds are marine macroalgae that are rich in various secondary metabolites known to exhibit different biological activities such as anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, etc. This study aimed to determine the bioactive metabolites, as well as the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of two red algae (Ceramium virgatum and Gracilaria corticata) and two green algae (Enteromorpha flexuosa and Ulva fasciata), which are prevalent in the coastal region of the Bay of Bengal. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride methods.

Same-day multiplex detection of foodborne bacterial pathogens for clinical diagnostics and food safety.

Aims: This study aims to develop and evaluate a rapid and high-multiplex pathogen detection method for clinical and food specimens to address the ongoing public health threat of foodborne infections and the limitations of conventional culture-based diagnostics.

Methods And Results: The foodborne bacteria (FBB) assay integrates multiplex PCR, T7 exonuclease hydrolysis, and a suspension bead array to simultaneously detect 16 genes from 13 major foodborne bacteria. Analytical performance was evaluated using reference strains, while diagnostic performance was assessed using clinical and food samples.

Ultrathin Hybridized ZnOHF Nanowires with Enriched Oxygen Vacancies for High Selective CO-to-CO Electrocatalytic Conversion.

Electrochemical CO reduction reaction (CORR) has emerged as a key negative-emission technology, yet its industrial adoption hinges on cathode catalysts that deliver high selectivity and production rates at low cost. Herein, we reported a facile hydrothermal route to synthesize different scales of ZnOHF ultrathin nanowires with hybridized ZnO/ZnOHF heterointerfaces, where the 40 nm variant (NW-ZnOHF) showed a high FE of 93 % and a of -17.2 mA/cm at -1.

Dual-Functional One-Pot Synthesized Au-Y-TMA MOF Hybrid: an Electrode Modifier for High-Performance Symmetric Supercapacitor and Kanamycin Aptasensor for Spiked Milk Samples.

In this study, a one-pot hydrothermal synthesis method was used to synthesize a novel gold-yttrium trimesic acid metal-organic framework (Au-Y-TMA MOF), demonstrating significant improvements over conventional single-metal MOFs, that is, yttrium trimesic acid (Y-TMA), in both supercapacitor applications and electrochemical antibiotic detection. The X-ray diffraction patterns of Au-Y-TMA confirmed the presence and impact of Au in the Y-TMA matrix, while field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images revealed a heterogeneous combination of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and Y-TMA, suggesting a nonuniform distribution and possible interaction. The developed half-cell supercapacitor exhibited a remarkable capacitance value of 1836 F/g at a current density of 5 A/g by galvanostatic charging-discharging (GCD) measurement.

Interfacial degradation of PEO-based polymer electrolytes on the NMC cathode and CEI components prediction.

All-solid-state Li-metal batteries using solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) in combination with high-voltage cathodes such as lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) promise enhanced battery safety, energy density, and flexibility. However, understanding the oxidative decomposition of SPEs on the cathode surfaces and characterizing the resulting cathode-electrolyte interphase (CEI) remain challenging both experimentally and computationally. This study introduces a new computational protocol based on ab initio molecular dynamics for simulating the decomposition of PEO:LiTFSI SPE on the NMC-811 cathode surface using a combined electron- and Li+-removal simulation approach.

Sustainable use of 3D-printed plastic waste as aggregate in self-compacting mortar: A study on rheological, mechanical and thermal performance.

Plastic waste poses environmental and health risks, highlighting the need for sustainable reuse in construction. This study introduces a novel solution to plastic waste utilization by: (1) developing rheological testing equipment from plastic using 3D printing technology, and (2) enhancing the rheological performance of self-compacting mortar (SCM) with 3D-printed plastic fine aggregates (3DPFA). SCM mixtures incorporating 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% 3DPFA as a replacement for natural sand were prepared and tested to evaluate fresh, mechanical, and thermal properties through mini-slump flow, T20 spread time, J-ring flow, V-funnel, compressive strength, UPV, and thermal conductivity tests.

Development and diagnostic performance of a sensitive multiplex pneumonia pathogen identification assay for emergency department patients with pneumonia.

Pneumonia imposes a significant global health burden, with high morbidity and mortality, and challenges in pathogen identification due to diverse etiologies. Conventional culture-based methods are time-consuming and insufficient for fastidious organisms, necessitating advanced diagnostic tools for rapid and accurate pathogen identification, especially in emergency department (ED) settings. To address this, we developed the pneumonia pathogen identification (PPID) assay, a multiplex diagnostic platform based on the single-stranded multiplex PCR amplicons with suspension bead array technology.

A New Phase Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) Activated Selective CO Reduction into Formate for Underwater Antifouling Glass.

Designing unique electrocatalysts that utilizes carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CORR) for real applications is highly appreciated, yet still suffers from low selectivity, stability, and compatibility. Herein, we first report a new two-dimensional metastable-phase transparent conducting oxide: 1T phase indium tin oxide (m-ITOs) with the space group of P-3m1 (164), which is totally different from that of the stable cubic phase ITO (Ia-3 (206)). The internal indium tin catalytic pairs in m-ITOs trigger the strong electronic coupling, move up the p-band center, and stabilize the adsorption of HCOO* for increased formate production.

(COOH, NH)-modified defective MOF-808(Zr) for enhancing photocatalytic oxidation of tetracycline and structural feature determination by Pearson correlation analysis.

Zirconium-based MOF-808 exhibits limited light absorption, restricting its photocatalytic performance. In this study, a dual-doping strategy involving 4-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and colloidal dopamine-melanin (Dpa) was employed to synergistically enhance both the adsorption capacity and light absorption of MOF-808 for photocatalytic tetracycline oxidation. The dual-doped PABA/Dpa-MOF-808 (P/D/MOF-808) sample exhibited extended light absorption in the visible light range (350-800 nm) and a significantly larger surface area (∼1150 m/g) than that of pristine MOF-808 (∼728 m/g).

Rational Defect and Fluorine Chemistry in Tin Oxide Enables Reversible Na Intercalation with a Stable NaF-Rich SEI Formation.

Significant efforts have been devoted to optimizing the morphology and synthesizing composite materials to activate SnO for sodium-ion batteries. However, challenges arising from its intrinsic crystal structure remain insufficiently addressed. This study aims to introduce both oxygen vacancies and fluorine ions into the SnO lattice, yielding a modified compound with a chemical composition of SnO£F.

GaN HEMT Oscillators with Buffers.

With their superior switching speed, GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) enable high power density, reduce energy losses, and increase power efficiency in a wide range of applications, such as power electronics, due to their high breakdown voltage. GaN-HEMT devices are subject to long-term reliability due to the self-heating effect and lattice mismatch between the SiC substrate and the GaN. Depletion-mode GaN HEMTs are utilized for radio frequency applications, and this work investigates three wide-bandgap (WBG) GaN HEMT fixed-frequency oscillators with output buffers.

Linolenic Acid Inhibits Cancer Stemness and Induces Apoptosis by Regulating Nrf2 Expression in Gastric Cancer Cells.

Although chemotherapy is the preferred treatment for gastric cancer, the therapeutic drugs currently available have limited efficacy and severe side effects. Cancer stem cells within tumor masses have the distinctive properties of self-renewal, maintenance, and resistance to chemotherapy. Hence, agents capable of targeting stemness in gastric tumors with minimal side effects are urgently required.

Mechanical performance and aging resistance analysis of zinc oxide-reinforced polyurethane composites.

Herein, we report the development of three-dimensional (3D)-printed polyurethane (PU) composite materials reinforced with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and stabilised surface functionalization using the silane coupling agent 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TMSPM). By employing digital light processing (DLP) technology, a series of porous PU scaffolds containing different concentrations of ZnO (0, 1, and 2 wt%) were successfully fabricated. The primary objective was to enhance the mechanical integrity and environmental durability of PU-based components, particularly under ultraviolet (UV) exposure and thermal aging.

Fabrication and characterization of PVA/Collagen/Gelatin scaffold for microtia reconstruction.

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is commonly used as a scaffold in tissue engineering applications. However, PVA has limitations in achieving mechanical properties that are suitable for natural cartilage. Collagen and gelatin are natural polymers with biocompatible, biodegradable properties, and low immune reactions.

Manipulation of carbon dioxide adsorption and desorption via CO₂-philic fibrous polyethyleneimines under alternating current electric fields by frequency tuning.

When subjected to an alternating current (AC) electric field, the frequency of the field introduces an extra degree of control over electrokinetic phenomena, as well as molecular alignment and structural conformation that facilitate the binding of adsorbate onto the recognition sites to enhance the performance of adsorption. Herein, Nylon-6 fibrous membrane were coated with a CO2-philic layer of molecularly imprinted polyethyleneimines (MIP) for CO capture using coaxial electrospinning. The MIP-coated Nylon6 fibrous membrane (6/MIP) was place in a electric polarization (EP) device consisting of two mesh electrodes.

Multi-Step Screening-Guided Core-Shell RuO@TaO Nanorods Electrocatalyst for Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

In the acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the exploration of highly efficient and stable electrocatalysts is essential for the environmentally friendly production of hydrogen. Although RuO exhibits high catalytic activity, its solubility and corrosion in acidic environments are of concern. In this study, high-melting-point metal oxides were multi-step rationally screened as protective layers for RuO to identify their roles in the acidic OER process.

Fine-tuning the Ni/Co ratio to elucidate the coordination structure-activity relationship of MOF-derived bimetallic layered double hydroxides for highly sensitive enzyme-free lactate biosensors.

The development of a reliable, non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor for lactate detection is crucial for real-time monitoring of muscle fatigue and human metabolism. In this work, we present a straightforward and controllable synthesis method for nickel-cobalt bimetallic layered double hydroxides (LDHs) derived from a metal-organic framework (MOF) precursor in an alkaline medium. The Ni/Co ratio was systematically tuned to induce distinct hydroxide phase transformations, where a high Ni content favored the formation of α-phase hydroxide with superior catalytic activity, while a high Co ratio led to the formation of β-phase hydroxide.

The Role of Random Texture Scattering on the Absorptance Enhancement in Halide Perovskite Layers.

Hybrid perovskites are a class of thin-film semiconductors with remarkably steep absorption edges and high absorption coefficient. In the case of solar cells, a film thickness of less than a micrometer is usually sufficient to absorb most of the light when combined with a back reflector. Otherwise, an efficient light trapping strategy may be desired, e.

Toward sustainable membrane distillation: Green solvent-driven SANIPS to fabricate superhydrophobic membranes from DMSO.

The development of superhydrophobic membranes is crucial for advancing membrane distillation (MD) under sustainable manufacturing. This work demonstrates for the first time that dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a green solvent, can be effectively integrated into the eco-friendly spray assisted nonsolvent induced phase separation (SANIPS) method to fabricate superhydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes. Compared to conventional toxic N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) systems, DMSO-based membranes achieve superhydrophobicity more efficiently, reaching a water contact angle of 151.

Exploring the Influence of NaOH Catalyst on the Durability of Liquid Calcium Aluminate Cement Concrete.

Liquid calcium aluminate cement (LCAC) is an innovative material technology with significant potential for varied applications in civil engineering. However, despite its promising results, a significant gap remains in the direct application of LCAC as a concrete binder. The primary catalysts for LCAC are sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH).

DeepVinci: Organ and Tool Segmentation with Edge Supervision and a Densely Multi-Scale Pyramid Module for Robot-Assisted Surgery.

: Automated surgical navigation can be separated into three stages: (1) organ identification and localization, (2) identification of the organs requiring further surgery, and (3) automated planning of the operation path and steps. With its ideal visual and operating system, the da Vinci surgical system provides a promising platform for automated surgical navigation. This study focuses on the first step in automated surgical navigation by identifying organs in gynecological surgery.

Prognostic Significance of AI-Enhanced ECG for Emergency Department Patients.

: Artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis may assist in objective and reproducible risk stratification. However, the prognostic utility of serial ECGs, particularly the follow-up ECG prior to discharge, has not been extensively studied. This study aimed to evaluate whether dynamic changes in AI-predicted ECG risk scores could enhance prediction of post-discharge outcomes.

Development of temperature and reactive oxygen species dual-responsive gelatin-PNIPAM-based hydrogels containing ferulic acid for peripheral arterial disease treatment.

Oxidative stress is considered as a key factor to accelerate the progression of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). In the study, novel temperature and reactive oxygen species (ROS) dual-responsive thioketal-linked ferulic acid (FA)-gelatin-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (GPTF) hydrogels were developed for PAD treatment. The prepared materials were characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, ninhydrin test, 1,10-phenanthroline assay and thermogravimetry analysis.

Monolayer graphene/platinum-modified 3D origami microfluidic paper-based biosensor for smartphone-assisted biomarkers detection.

Background And Purpose: Imbalances in biomarkers such as dopamine and NADH are linked to neurological and metabolic disorders, including Parkinson's disease, depression, and stroke, underscoring the need for rapid and accessible diagnostics. This study presents a smartphone-assisted, 3D origami microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) modified with photochemically synthesized graphene/platinum (G/Pt) nanocatalysts for multiplex colorimetric detection of dopamine and NADH.

Experimental Approach: G/Pt catalysts were prepared using 2.