Detection of olive oil adulteration with vegetable oils by ultra-performance convergence chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPC-QTOF MS) coupled with multivariate data analysis based on the differences of triacylglycerol compositions.

Three different vegetable oils, including soybean, corn, and sunflower oils, were differentiated from olive oil by using ultra-performance convergence chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight (UPC-QTOF MS) and multivariate data analysis based on their differences in triacylglycerol compositions. Then, olive oil was adulterated by adding these three vegetable oils in 1%, 0.75%, and 0.

A comparison between whole mung bean and decorticated mung bean: beneficial effects on the regulation of serum glucose and lipid disorders and the gut microbiota in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced prediabetic mice.

The aim of this study is to investigate the beneficial effects of whole mung bean (WMB) and decorticated mung bean (DMB) on the regulation of serum glucose and lipid disorders in high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced prediabetic mice, and to further explore their gut microbiota modulatory effects. In the present study, the ability of mung bean-based diets to combat prediabetes-related metabolic disorders was determined by assessing the changes in the physiological, biochemical, and histological parameters, and the gut microbiota composition of prediabetic mice. The supplementation of both WMB and DMB can effectively alleviate HFD and STZ-induced impaired glucose tolerance (P < 0.

Suppression of High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity by Platycodon Grandiflorus in Mice Is Linked to Changes in the Gut Microbiota.

Background: The root of Platycodon grandiflorus (PG) has a long-standing tradition in the Asian diet and herbal medicine, because of its anti-inflammatory and antiobesity effects. Changes in the gut microbiota can have dietary effects on host health, which suggests a relation between the 2.

Objectives: The aim of our study was to investigate the relation between PG-mediated suppression of obesity and the composition and functioning of the gut microbiota.

Changes in the major aroma-active compounds and taste components of Jasmine rice during storage.

Despite the popularity of Jasmine rice, changes in the flavor of Jasmine rice in storage remain unclear. Herein, the major aroma-active compounds in Jasmine rice combined with odor activity values and detection frequencies analysis were discriminated. Furthermore, the major aroma-active compounds and taste components of rice stored were investigated.

The formation process of green substances in Chrysanthemum morifolium tea.

One interesting phenomenon of Chrysanthemum morifolium tea is its formation of a green or dark green color after hours of brewing, and it is important to study the compounds that form this color and whether they might be involved in health benefits. Non-targeted metabolomics could clearly distinguish between green and non-green species by sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA) and heat-mapping. We found that the pH was the primary factor in the formation of the green color.

Targeting the gut microbiota with resveratrol: a demonstration of novel evidence for the management of hepatic steatosis.

Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol that has been reported to reduce the risk of obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Recent evidence has demonstrated that the gut microbiota plays an important role in the protection against NAFLD and other metabolic diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the gut microbiota and the beneficial effects of resveratrol on the amelioration of NAFLD in mice.

Resveratrol reduces obesity in high-fat diet-fed mice via modulating the composition and metabolic function of the gut microbiota.

Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural polyphenol with anti-obesity effects. However, the mechanisms of anti-obesity remain unclear due to its low bioavailability. Recent evidence demonstrates that gut microbiota plays a key role in obesity.

Carotenogenesis and chromoplast development during ripening of yellow, orange and red colored Physalis fruit.

Formation of specific ultrastructural chromoplastidal elements during ripening of fruits of three different colored Physalis spp. is closely related to their distinct carotenoid profiles. The accumulation of color-determining carotenoids within the chromoplasts of ripening yellow, orange, and red fruit of Physalis pubescens L.

Changes in flavor of fragrant rice during storage under different conditions.

Background: Because of its high nutritional value and good sensory properties, fragrant rice is very popular all over the world. The aroma and taste of fragrant rice play an essential role in its sensory properties. However, there has been a lack of studies on flavor changes in fragrant rice during storage.

Acceleration of the Maillard reaction and achievement of product quality by high pressure pretreatment during black garlic processing.

The efficiency of black garlic processing was improved by acceleration of the Maillard reaction after high-pressure pretreatment. The relationship between component changes and the Maillard reaction was analyzed. Three stages of processing were generalized: 1) at the pretreatment stage, the destruction of the cellular structure by high pressure promoted the enzymatic reaction; 2) from 0 to 3 d, the enzymatic reaction was promoted at 45 °C in damaged cells; and 3) after the 3rd day, heating caused the components to change directly.

Digestibility of squash polysaccharide under simulated salivary, gastric and intestinal conditions and its impact on short-chain fatty acid production in type-2 diabetic rats.

In vitro digestive conditions were simulated to investigate the digestibility of polysaccharides prepared from squash (SPS). A small amount of free glucose monosaccharide was released after salivary and intestinal digestion due to the breakdown of α-(1 → 4)-glucose linkages and may form SPS or a starch impurity. At the same time, there was no obvious change in molecular weight distribution and reducing sugar content throughout this digestion period, demonstrating that the main structure of SPS was relatively stable under the simulated digestive conditions.

Quality comparison of "Laba" garlic processed by High Hydrostatic Pressure and High Pressure Carbon Dioxide.

The production of "Laba" garlic is limited to the homemade method with long processing time and non-uniform color quality. Innovative food processing technologies including high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and high pressure carbon dioxide (HPCD) were applied to the processing of "Laba" garlic. Products prepared at different treatment pressures (200, 350 and 500 MPa of HHP; 4, 7 and 10 MPa of HPCD) were compared by evaluating the texture, color, flavor and sensory qualities.

Dietary Attenuates Hepatic Insulin Resistance and Oxidative Stress in High-Fat-Diet Induced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

The root of (PG), with hepatoprotective and anti-oxidation effects, has a long history of being used as food and herbal medicine in Asia. However, the mechanism of PG against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is still not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of PG suppressing the development of NAFLD induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in mice.

Whole mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) supplementation prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity and disorders in a lipid profile and modulates gut microbiota in mice.

Purpose: Obesity, a strong risk factor for metabolic disorder, has become a major impediment for public health globally. The objective of this study was to assess the anti-obesity effect of mung bean, and the relationship between the gut microbiota modulatory effects of mung bean and the prevention of obesity.

Methods: Thirty-two four-week-old male C57BL/6 J mice were divided into four groups: normal chow diet (NCD), high-fat diet (HFD), a high-fat diet supplemented with 30% whole mung bean flour (HFD-WMB), and a high-fat diet supplemented with 30% decorticated mung bean flour (HFD-DMB).

Strategy of Fusion Covalent Organic Frameworks and Molecularly Imprinted Polymers: A Surprising Effect in Recognition and Loading of Cyanidin-3--glucoside.

Seven magnetic covalent organic framework molecularly imprinted polymers with magnetic responsiveness, large specific surface area, and molecular recognition ability were successfully synthesized, suitable for the separation of cyanidin-3--glucoside from complex samples. Using a room-temperature synthesis strategy, covalent organic frameworks accompanied by imprinted sites were formed in one step on the functionalized magnetic nanoparticles with 1,6-hexanediamine. The composite materials were easy to prepare and showed high adsorption capacity (127 mg g) together with favorable adsorption selectivity for cyanidin-3--glucoside over other flavonoids and phenolic acids.

Genetic and Biochemical Characterization of an Exopolysaccharide With Antitumoral Activity Produced by YL-11.

In the present study, the whole genome sequence of YL-11, a novel exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strain isolated from fermented milk, was determined. Genetic information and the synthetic mechanism of the EPS in YL-11 were identified based on bioinformatic analysis of the complete genome. The purified EPS of YL-11 mainly comprised galactose (48.

Letting wine polyphenols functional: Estimation of wine polyphenols bioaccessibility under different drinking amount and drinking patterns.

Effects of drinking amount and patterns of wine on the digestive characteristics and bioaccessibility of wine polyphenols under in vitro gastrointestinal digestion were investigated. Wine polyphenols released well during mouth and stomach digestion, and the release rates in the "serum-available" fraction, "colon-available" fraction, and after the colon were much lower. Red wine showed a higher biological activity than white wine, but white wine had a better bioaccessibility than red wine, especially under binge drinking.

Urinary metabolomics analysis reveals the anti-diabetic effect of stachyose in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats.

As a new platform of systems biology, metabolomics provides a powerful approach to discover therapeutic biomarkers and mechanism of metabolic disease. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global metabolic disease, thus, a urinary metabolomics profiling was analyzed to study the anti-diabetic effects and mechanism of stachyose (ST) on high-fat diet- and low dose streptozotocinc-induced T2DM rats. The results showed that ST treatment regulated the level of insulin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides, which demonstrates improvement in T2DM on ST treatment.

Effects of high hydrostatic pressure on the ordered structure including double helices and V-type single helices of rice starch.

This study mainly aimed to investigate the influents of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on the ordered structures of starch, for this purpose, we compared the ordered structure of rice starch treated by HHP and heat, including long- and short-range ordered structures and thermodynamic properties at similar levels of gelatinization degree (DG). X-ray diffractometer, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), C cross polarization magic angle spinning/NMR, and Differential scanning calorimeter were used to detect crystal structure, band height ratio in FTIR spectra (R), double helix structure, and thermodynamic behavior. Results showed that HHP-treated rice starch (HHGS) had greater crystallinity, larger R, and more double helix and V-type single helix structures as compared to heat-treated rice starch (HGS) at a similar DG.

Comparison of Potent Odorants in Raw and Ripened Pu-Erh Tea Infusions Based on Odor Activity Value Calculation and Multivariate Analysis: Understanding the Role of Pile Fermentation.

Infusions prepared from raw pu-erh tea (RAPT) and ripened pu-erh tea (RIPT) showed remarkable aroma differences. Predominant odorants in RAPT and RIPT infusions were identified and compared by the combined use of gas chromatography-olfactometry, aroma extract dilution analysis, odor activity values (OAVs), and multivariate analysis. A total of 35 and 19 odorants (OAV > 1) were detected in RIPT and RAPT, respectively.

Gut microbiota determines the prevention effects of (L.) Roem supplementation against obesity and associated metabolic disorders induced by high-fat diet.

The gut microbiota, identified as the target for vegetables, can affect the development of obesity and associated metabolic syndromes. As a medicinal and edible plant, (L.) Roem (LC) has abundant nutrients that can effectively reduce obesity risk.

Ginger prevents obesity through regulation of energy metabolism and activation of browning in high-fat diet-induced obese mice.

Numerous natural herbs have been proven as safe anti-obesity resources. Ginger, one of the most widely consumed spices, has shown beneficial effects against obesity and related metabolic disorders. The present study aimed to examine whether the antiobesity effect of ginger is associated with energy metabolism.

Physicochemical characteristics and phytochemical profiles of yellow and red Physalis (Physalis alkekengi L. and P. pubescens L.) fruits cultivated in China.

Physicochemical characteristics and phytochemical profiles of red (Physalis alkekengi L., RP) and yellow (P. pubescens L.

Characterization of the major aroma-active compounds in Keitt mango juice: Comparison among fresh, pasteurization and high hydrostatic pressure processing juices.

The commercial mango cultivar Keitt lacks a theoretical foundation for aroma control during processing. To discriminate the aroma-active compounds in fresh mango juice, odor activity value (OAV) and detection frequency analysis (DFA) were used collaboratively. A total of 12 components were identified as major aroma-active compounds, among which 2,4-dimethylstyrene was firstly confirmed as an aroma compound in mango.