Brain CT for Diagnosis of Intracranial Disease in Ambulatory Cancer Patients: Assessment of the Diagnostic Value of Scanning Without Contrast Prior to With Contrast.

Background And Purpose: Brain imaging with MRI or CT is standard in screening for intracranial disease among ambulatory cancer patients. Although MRI offers greater sensitivity, CT is frequently employed due to its accessibility, affordability, and faster acquisition time. However, the necessity of routinely performing a non-contrast CT with the contrast-enhanced study is unknown.

Heterologous two-dose Ebola vaccine regimen in pregnant women in Rwanda: a randomized controlled phase 3 trial.

Risk of death for both mother and fetus following Ebola virus infection is extremely high. In this study, healthy women in Rwanda aged ≥18 years were randomized to two-dose Ebola vaccination (Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo) during pregnancy (group A) or postpartum (group B).

Highly efficient N-doped carbon dots for ultrasensitive and selective detection of picric acid in explosive residues.

A new variety of nitrogen-doped carbon dots (NCDs) was produced using a hydrothermal synthesis method, based on propanedioic acid and barbituric acid as the sources of carbon and nitrogen. The NCDs were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Zeta Potential，X-ray Diffraction(XRD)，Thermogravimetry-Derivative Thermogravimetry(TG-DTG)，Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Fluorescence Lifetime. The characterization results indicate that NCDs possess an average diameter of approximately 2.

AI-driven and Traditional Radiomic Model for Predicting Muscle Invasion in Bladder Cancer via Multi-parametric Imaging: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Rationale And Objectives: This study systematically evaluates the diagnostic performance of artificial intelligence (AI)-driven and conventional radiomics models in detecting muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) through meta-analytical approaches. Furthermore, it investigates their potential synergistic value with the Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) and assesses clinical translation prospects.

Methods: This study adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Deep Learning Based Multiomics Model for Risk Stratification of Postoperative Distant Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer.

Rationale And Objectives: To develop deep learning-based multiomics models for predicting postoperative distant metastasis (DM) and evaluating survival prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 521 CRC patients who underwent curative surgery at two centers. Preoperative CT and postoperative hematoxylin-eosin (HE) stained slides were collected.

Clinical Burden and Healthcare Resource Use Among Adults Living with Hemophilia A: An Observational Study.

Introduction: People with hemophilia A (PwHA) may suffer from repeated bleeding in muscles and joints. However, few studies have reported disease burden and healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) in PwHA experiencing bleeding events and/or joint disorders in a real-world setting. The aim of this study was to examine disease burden and HCRU in PwHA via two different categorizations: PwHA with and without medically recorded bleeding (MRB), and PwHA with and without joint disorders.

Microwave Ablation for T1N0M0 Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Adjacent to Berry's Ligament.

Rationale And Objectives: To investigate the efficacy and safety of microwave ablation (MWA) in treating T1N0M0 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) adjacent to Berry's ligament (BL).

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study examined 141 patients who underwent MWA for BL-adjacent PTC between January 2015 and December 2023. All procedures utilized perithyroidal fascial space-based hydrodissection and standardized ablation protocols.

Multimodal targeting of metastatic renal cell carcinoma via CD70-directed allogeneic CAR-NKT cells.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents about 90% of kidney cancers, with 30%-40% of patients developing metastatic disease despite current treatments. Conventional chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T therapy targeting CD70 shows promise but faces challenges due to its autologous, personalized nature. Here, we develop allogeneic CD70-directed CAR-engineered invariant natural killer T (CAR70-NKT) cells from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells using a clinically guided culture method.

Whole-genome methylation profiling of extracellular vesicle DNA in gastric cancer identifies intercellular communication features.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis due to their ability to carry specific biomolecular cargo, including DNA. However, the clinical utility of DNA methylation-based liquid biopsies using EV-DNA remains underexplored. The low quantity and relatively long length of EV-DNA complicate whole-genome methylation profiling.

Influence of prior bariatric surgery on pancreatic cancer stage at presentation and inpatient outcomes.

Background & Aims: Pancreatic cancer continues to have low five-year survival with late-stage diagnosis limiting surgical resection. Class III obesity is a well-established risk factor for pancreatic cancer, while bariatric surgery has been associated with reduced overall cancer incidence. However, the impact of bariatric surgery on pancreatic cancer presentation, treatment options, and outcomes remains poorly understood.

Baseline Analysis of Serotype-Specific IgG Antibody Levels for 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Healthy Chinese Individuals: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Background/objectives: The immunogenicity of Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccines is commonly evaluated by assessing the fold increase or proportions exceeding 0.35 μg/mL in serotype-specific IgG antibody levels post-vaccination. Establishing baseline antibody levels in unvaccinated populations is therefore essential for defining serological thresholds and understanding naturally acquired immunity.

First Use of Phage Therapy in Canada for the Treatment of a Life-Threatening, Multidrug-Resistant Periprosthetic Joint Infection.

We describe the first use of phage therapy in Canada for the treatment of a life-threatening periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), with successful outcome. PJI is a devastating complication of joint replacement surgery, with high morbidity and mortality. Our patient presented with early sepsis from a chronic recalcitrant multidrug-resistant (MDR) hip PJI which had repeatedly failed standard therapy.

Virological Insights from ARC-520 siRNA and Entecavir Treated Chronically HBV-Infected Patients and Chimpanzees.

In a previous study, eight chronically HBV-infected nucleos (t)ide analog (NA)-naïve patients began receiving entecavir (ETV) concomitant with a single ARC-520 HBV siRNA injection. This single dose of ARC-520 (SD) was followed by 6-8 months of ETV alone before the patients received 4-9 monthly doses of ARC-520, the multi-dose (MD) period, while continuing ETV. Quantities of HBV DNA, RNA, and antigens were measured from serum and a liver biopsy collected ~30 months after the last MD from five patients.

Understanding Contemporary Endometrial Cancer Survivorship Issues: Umbrella Review and Healthcare Professional Survey.

: Advances in endometrial cancer treatment, such as minimally invasive surgery and the introduction of targeted therapies, could influence survivorship and result in changes in issues experienced by survivors of endometrial cancer. To improve endometrial cancer survivorship, it is first necessary to understand it. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe contemporary endometrial cancer survivorship issues.

Organoid-based neutralization assays reveal a distinctive profile of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and recapitulate the real-world efficacy.

The efficacy of VIR-7831, a class 3 anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody (mAb), was demonstrated repeatedly in clinical trials; yet, reduced neutralization against Omicron variants in cell-line-based neutralization assays led to its withdrawal from clinical use. We developed organoid-based neutralization assays to measure mAb potency. We found that most class 3 mAbs, especially those not blocking receptor-binding domain-ACE2 binding, including VIR-7831, were substantially underestimated in cell-line-based assays.

Oral Pathobionts Aggravate Myocardial Infarction Through Mobilization of B2 Cells.

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is a high-prevalence disease that threatens human survival and quality of life worldwide. Considerable evidence has suggested that periodontitis (PD) is detrimental to MI. However, the direct impact of PD on MI is unclear; which oral pathobionts contribute to and how microbial signals regulate the pathogenesis of MI remain obscure.

Habitual breakfast skipping and night eating associated with unfavorable changes in lipid profiles in Chinese adults: a longitudinal analysis.

Background: Breakfast skipping and night eating have been shown to be associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the longitudinal associations between eating behaviors and lipid profiles, which are key risk factors for cardiovascular disease, remain underexplored.

Objectives: This study aimed to longitudinally investigate the individual and combined associations of breakfast skipping and night eating with changes in lipid profiles in Chinese adults.

A decade of migrasome research: biogenesis, physiological functions, and disease implications.

Since their first report a decade ago, our understanding of migrasomes - specialized organelles initially identified in migrating cells-has advanced considerably. Researchers have elucidated key aspects of migrasome biology, including the mechanisms of their biogenesis, their roles in cellular physiology, and their implications in various diseases. Concurrently, the development of a robust toolkit for migrasome analysis has transformed these structures from mere microscopy curiosities into central players in an emerging field with significant impact on cell biology, developmental biology, immunology, and disease pathology.

Efficacy of a novel chewable tablet (Credelio Quattro) containing lotilaner, moxidectin, praziquantel, and pyrantel against Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina infections in dogs.

Background: Roundworms such as Toxascaris leonina and Toxocara canis are routinely diagnosed in dogs globally, especially in dogs 6 months of age or younger. Toxocara canis is zoonotic, can cause significant disease in dogs, and is the causative agent of toxocariasis in humans. To protect both animal and human health, it is imperative that Toxocara canis infections are effectively treated and controlled to minimize the risk of transmission.

Cholesterol-modulating effects of Korean red ginseng (KRG) targeting PCSK9 in hyperlipidemia.

Hyperlipidemia represents a major global health concern, closely linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and metabolic syndrome. Effective regulation of blood lipid and cholesterol (CHO) is essential for preventing and managing this condition. Korean red ginseng (KRG), a traditional medicinal plant, exhibits diverse pharmacological properties, including antihyperlipidemic, immune-enhancing, anti-fatigue, and antistress effects.

Deep Learning-Enhanced Opportunistic Osteoporosis Screening in 100 kV Low-Voltage Chest CT: A Novel Way Toward Bone Mineral Density Measurement and Radiation Dose Reduction.

Rationale And Objectives: To explore the feasibility and accuracy of a deep learning (DL) method for fully automated vertebral body (VB) segmentation, region of interest (ROI) extraction, and bone mineral density (BMD) calculation using 100kV low-voltage chest CT performed for lung cancer screening across various scanners from different manufacturers and hospitals.

Materials And Methods: This study included 1167 patients who underwent 100 kV low-voltage chest and 120 kV lumbar CT from October 2022 to August 2024. Patients were divided into a training set (495 patients), a validation set (169 patients), and three test sets (245, 128, and 130 patients).

Patterns of Serum Prolactin Elevation Associated with Nine Second-Generation Antipsychotics in a Large Cohort of Patients with Schizophrenia.

Background: Prolactin elevation associated with antipsychotic use significantly affects medication adherence and long-term treatment outcomes in patients with schizophrenia. The currently available data are insufficient to guide the monitoring and management of elevated prolactin levels in patients on antipsychotic medications. This study aimed to explore the patterns of prolactin level elevation associated with nine second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) in a real-world setting and compare the associated risks.

Telomere-to-telomere African wild rice (Oryza longistaminata) reference genome reveals segmental and structural variation.

Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the most important staple food crops worldwide, and its wild relatives serve as an important gene pool in its breeding. Compared with cultivated rice species, African wild rice (Oryza longistaminata) has several advantageous traits, such as resistance to increased biomass production, clonal propagation via rhizomes, and biotic stresses. However, previous O.