Highly efficient N-doped carbon dots for ultrasensitive and selective detection of picric acid in explosive residues.

A new variety of nitrogen-doped carbon dots (NCDs) was produced using a hydrothermal synthesis method, based on propanedioic acid and barbituric acid as the sources of carbon and nitrogen. The NCDs were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Zeta Potential，X-ray Diffraction(XRD)，Thermogravimetry-Derivative Thermogravimetry(TG-DTG)，Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Fluorescence Lifetime. The characterization results indicate that NCDs possess an average diameter of approximately 2.

The PP2A-2 holoenzyme orchestrates daughter cell emergence during cytokinesis in Toxoplasma gondii.

Toxoplasma gondii is a significant pathogen in both humans and animals, with disease progression driven by the rapid proliferation of its tachyzoite stage. In this study, we identify the PP2A-2 holoenzyme as a key regulator of daughter cell emergence during parasite division. This holoenzyme, likely composed of the regulatory subunit TgPR48 (PP2A-B2), the catalytic subunit PP2A-C2, and the scaffolding subunit PP2A-A2, is essential for proper cytokinesis.

A novel Toxoplasma gondii thioredoxin (TgTrx1) is important for parasite fitness and virulence.

The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii relies on antioxidant proteins and systems to protect against the host's immune responses and to neutralize free radicals produced by its own metabolism. In this study, we identified and characterized a new thioredoxin protein, TgTrx1, which is mainly found in the cytoplasm of T. gondii tachyzoites and contains a conserved -CXXC- catalytic motif.

VCPIP1 ameliorates sepsis-associated encephalopathy by promoting microglia autophagy via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is acute diffuse brain dysfunctional clinically caused by systemic infections originating outside the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by acute delirium, coma, and persistent cognitive dysfunction. Multiple studies have demonstrated a crucial role of microglia in the development of SAE. Bioinformatics analysis of the Human Protein Atlas and single-cell RNA sequencing datasets revealed that valosin-containing protein interaction protein 1 (VCPIP1) is expressed at the highest levels in hippocampal microglia, suggesting its potential involvement in neuroinflammatory regulation.

Inhibition of STING-induced mitochondrial Drp1/N-GSDMD-mediated MtDNA release alleviates Sepsis-induced lung injury.

The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway serves as a crucial nexus in inflammatory responses and cell death. Despite its role in Mitochondria-Endoplasmic Reticulum Contact (MERC), the mechanistic contributions to inflammatory outcomes remain poorly understood. In clinical acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) models of COVID-19 infection and animal models of LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI), the STING pathway is closely associated with the pyroptosis pathway.

Apparent Digestibility Coefficients of Selected Plant Protein Feed Ingredients and Feeds for Coho Salmon () Postsmolts Cultured in Fresh Water.

The aquafeed industry relies on fish meal as a major protein source, but its use raises economic and environmental concerns, prompting the search for sustainable alternatives. This study compared the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter (DM), energy, protein, phosphorus, lipids, and amino acids (AAs) for selected protein ingredients in Coho salmon. For this purpose, one reference and seven test diets corresponding to beer yeast (BY), corn gluten meal (CGM), cottonseed meal (CSM), peanut meal (PNM), rapeseed meal (RSM), soybean meal(SBM), and soy protein concentrate (SPC) were formulated with the ratio of 70:30 of the reference diet and one of the test ingredients.

Dietary Vitamin D Supplementation Improves Hair Follicle Development and Affects Fatty Acid Metabolism in Rex Rabbits.

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of vitamin D (VD) supplementation in rabbit diets on hair follicle development and fatty acid metabolism. Two hundred Rex rabbits with similar body weight were divided randomly into five groups (40 replicates per group and 1 rabbit per replicate): control group fed a basic diet; experimental groups fed respectively a basic diet with an addition of 700, 1400, 2100, or 2800 IU/kg VD. Dietary addition of 2800 IU/kg VD significantly increased hair length ( 0.

Microbubble-Templated Immunoactive Metal-Phenolic Capsules for Drug Delivery and Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy.

Advanced drug delivery systems integrating immunomodulatory functions can improve cancer therapy. Herein, we develop a novel metal-phenolic capsule for synergistic drug delivery and immunomodulation. Specifically, a stable metal-phenolic network (MPN), formed by Fe (III), tannic acid, and catechol-modified hyaluronic acid, was assembled onto doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded mannose-glycated bovine serum albumin microbubbles to construct microcapsules with both drug loading and immunomodulatory functions simultaneously.

Acod1 Promotes PAD4 Ubiquitination via UBR5 Alkylation to Modulate NETosis and Exert Protective Effects in Sepsis.

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are reticular structures released by neutrophils, and the process of their formation is called NETosis. NETs play a key role in the pathological process of sepsis. However, the specific regulatory mechanism has not been fully clarified.

Causal relationships between leukocyte telomere length and female reproductive system diseases: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

Objective: Although numerous observational studies have revealed a correlation between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and female reproductive system diseases (RSDs), the findings of these studies have tended to be consistent. In this study, we accordingly sought to clarify the causal relationships between LTL and RSDs.

Methods: We performed a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using pooled statistics from genome-wide association studies of LTL and nine female RSDs.

Molecular Prevalence and Genotyping of in Sheep Tissues Intended for Human Consumption in Shanxi Province, North China.

is one of the most widely distributed intracellular parasites worldwide, which can infect humans and a wide range of warm-blooded animals including sheep, with felines serving as its definitive host. infection in sheep can lead to premature births, abortions and stillbirths, causing significant economic losses to the sheep industry. Sheep farming has become a key pillar of the agricultural economy in Shanxi Province, North China, but little is known about infection in sheep in this province.

How does family economic background shape adolescents' present- and future-oriented well-being? Roles of perceived discrimination and grit.

Background: The association between family socioeconomic status (SES) and adolescent well-being is complex, involving both present and future dimensions. This study examines perceived discrimination as a mediator in this association and grit as a potential moderator buffering the adverse effects of low SES and discrimination on adolescent well-being.

Methods: The study surveyed 2,202 students (53.

Tanshinone IIA attenuates sepsis-induced lung injury by reducing VEGFR2/PI3K/AKT-driven mitochondrial disruption dependent apoptosis.

Background: Sepsis-induced lung injury (SILI) is marked by excessive inflammation and apoptosis, posing considerable therapeutic problems owing to the scarcity of targeted therapy. Tanshinone IIA (TanIIA), a bioactive molecule extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza, demonstrates potential in regulating inflammatory pathways and enhancing cellular resilience.

Purpose: This study comprehensively examined the therapeutic mechanisms of TanIIA in SILI by an integrated methodology that incorporates network pharmacology, molecular docking, and comprehensive experimental validation.

OTUD1 exacerbates sepsis-associated encephalopathy by promoting HK2 mitochondrial release to drive microglia pyroptosis.

Background: Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), a life-threatening neurological complication of systemic infection, contributes substantially to sepsis-related mortality. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that microglia-driven neuroinflammation emerges as a central pathogenic mechanism underlying SAE. Here, we identify ovarian tumor deubiquitinase 1 (OTUD1) as a critical mediator of SAE pathogenesis.

SLAMF7-mediated macrophage polarization dysregulation: A novel mechanism in pneumonia.

Background: Bacterial pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite advances in antibiotic therapy, treatment outcomes remain suboptimal due to increased pathogen resistance and dysregulated host immune responses. Macrophage polarization plays a crucial role in pulmonary inflammation, and its dysregulation can lead to uncontrolled inflammatory responses.

OTUD1 inhibits macrophage ferroptosis via regulation of AMPK and GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathways exerting protective effects in sepsis-induced acute lung injury.

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated inflammatory and immune responses to infection. Its global incidence and mortality remain high, posing a severe threat to public health. Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common and serious complication of sepsis.

Bispecific antibody targeting shared indel-derived neoantigen of APC.

T cells play a pivotal role in cancer immunotherapy by recognizing tumor-specific neoantigens presented on HLA molecules, which are specifically expressed on cancer cells. While neoantigens are generally unique to individual cancers, certain neoantigens, known as 'shared neoantigens' that are common in a subset of cancer patients, represent promising immunotherapeutic targets. We previously identified an immunogenic shared frameshift neoantigen, 1472SP2, derived from recurrent frameshift indel mutation cluster (APC-F2-1472*) in the gene and presented on HLA-A24:02.

Prevalence of Dementia in European, Chinese and Indian/Fijian-Indian Populations in Aotearoa New Zealand: A Protocol.

Objectives: Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) is a bicultural nation (Māori and European) with a growing population of Asian and Pacific peoples. Recent analysis of national routinely collected data suggests dementia prevalence is higher in Māori and Pacific peoples when compared with European and Asian, and that inequities in dementia care for Māori, Asian, and Pacific people with dementia exist. A population-based dementia prevalence study is needed to confirm these findings.

Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Elderly COVID-19 Patients Admitted to ICU during Chinese Mainland's Omicron Wave: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.

Introduction: There is limited information on elderly patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant infections. We aimed to describe the characteristics and outcomes of elderly patients with Omicron variant infections admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) on the Chinese mainland and to evaluate the risk factors associated with mortality in these patients.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter retrospective study including elderly patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection who were admitted to the ICU from November 1, 2022, to February 11, 2023, on the Chinese mainland.

TIPE2 Alleviates Sepsis-induced Lung Injury By Inhibiting PANoptosis in Murine Alveolar Macrophages.

Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening condition with high mortality rates, and its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study investigates the role of TNF-α-induced protein 8-like 2 (TIPE2) in modulating PANoptosis, an integrated form of programmed cell death that includes apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, in the context of sepsis-induced lung injury. We utilized a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) mouse model to examine the effects of TIPE2 knockout and overexpression on lung injury, inflammation, and cell death pathways.

Crack-MsCGA: A Deep Learning Network with Multi-Scale Attention for Pavement Crack Detection.

Pavement crack detection is crucial for ensuring road safety and reducing maintenance costs. Existing methods typically use convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to extract multi-level features from pavement images and employ attention mechanisms to enhance global features. However, the fusion of low-level features introduces substantial interference, leading to low detection accuracy for small-scale cracks with subtle local structures and varying global morphologies.

AP2XII-9 is essential for parasite growth and suppresses bradyzoite differentiation in Toxoplasma gondii.

Cyst formation, resulting from the differentiation of rapidly replicating tachyzoites into slowly growing bradyzoites, is the primary cause of chronic toxoplasmosis. Although the mechanisms governing bradyzoite differentiation have been partially elucidated, they remain incompletely understood. In this study, we show that the transcription factor AP2XII-9 is localized in the nucleus and exhibits periodic expression during the tachyzoite stage, with peak expression observed during the synthesis and mitosis phases.

MSC-mediated mitochondrial transfer promotes metabolic reprograming in endothelial cells and vascular regeneration in ARDS.

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a potential therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), but their mechanisms in repairing mitochondrial damage in ARDS endothelial cells remain unclear.

Methods: We first examined MSCs' mitochondrial transfer ability and mechanisms to mouse pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (MPMECs) in ARDS. Then, we investigated how MSC-mediated mitochondrial transfer affects the repair of endothelial damage.

The response of chlorophyll a to nutrient and hydro-meteorological factors in Lake Taihu.

Chlorophyll a (Chla) concentration is a key indicator of the biomass of phytoplankton such as algae in freshwater ecosystems. Understanding its response to nutrient and hydro-meteorological factors is vital for managing eutrophication in Lake Taihu, one of China's largest freshwater lakes. This study investigates Chla dynamics in relation to nutrient levels (nitrogen, phosphorus, etc.