A sorghum seed variety identification method based on image-hyperspectral fusion and an improved deep residual convolutional network.

Introduction: Sorghum is an important food and feed crop. Identifying sorghum seed varieties is crucial for ensuring seed quality, improving planting efficiency, and promoting sustainable agricultural development.

Methods: This study proposes a high-precision classification method based on the fusion of RGB images and hyperspectral data, using an improved deep residual convolutional neural network.

Significantly enhanced breakdown strength and energy density performances of methyl methacrylate--glycidyl methacrylate nanocomposites filled with BNNs@PDA-Ag hybrid structures.

Electronic capacitor films based on polymer matrices and inorganic nanofillers capable of storing more energy play a crucial role in advanced modern electrical industries and devices. Herein, a series of nanocomposite films composed of "core-shell-dot" BNNs-PDA@Ag hybrid structures with multiple breakdown strength enhancement mechanisms as fillers and methyl methacrylate--glycidyl methacrylate (MG) copolymers as matrices were successfully synthesized. The introduced 2D and wide-bandgap BNNs not only enhanced the breakdown strength by taking advantage of their excellent physical properties, but also further improved their energy storage properties both at ambient and elevated temperatures through the formation of deeper traps at the organic-inorganic interface.

Theoretical Study on the Nucleophilic Ring-Opening Reaction between F and Oxirane.

This work investigated the ring-opening reaction mechanism between F and oxirane by combining electronic structure calculations with chemical dynamics simulations. Electronic structure calculations revealed two primary reaction pathways: nucleophilic substitution (S2) and elimination (E2). The S2 pathway was further classified into oxygen-side attack (ret-S2) and backside attack (inv-S2) based on the nucleophilic approach direction.

Perilla Seed Hulls Polyphenol Extract: Molecular Characterization and Suppression of LPS-Induced Inflammation in RAW 264.7 Cells via NF-κB Signaling Pathway.

As a dual-purpose medicinal and edible resource, Perilla seeds are rich in bioactive compounds. There are very few studies on the by-product of perilla seed hells. Moreover, there is a lack of systematic research on the chemical composition and biological activity of perilla seed hell polyphenols.

Effectiveness and mechanisms of curcumin for colorectal cancer in preclinical models:A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Curcuma longa L. has been used since ancient times to treat chest and abdominal distending pain caused by cold coagulation, qi stagnation, and blood stasis, as well as cold-bi syndrome shoulder-arm pain. Colorectal cancer (CRC) falls under the categories of "Jiju" (Mass Accumulation) in TCM.

Global trends and hotspots in robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery for gastrointestinal diseases: a bibliometric and visualization.

This study utilizes bibliometric and visualization techniques to systematically analyze global development trends in robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery for gastrointestinal diseases. Using the Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus as the data source, 4,214 relevant articles published between 1999 and 2025 were extracted. Tools such as VOSviewer, CiteSpace, Scimago Graphica, and Origin were employed to analyze academic output, collaboration networks, influence distribution, and research hotspots.

An integrated Janus antibacterial hydrogel with rapid photoresponsive adhesive/tough anti-adhesive bi-layer for enhanced wound healing and suppression of postoperative tissue adhesion.

The Janus adhesive wound dressings exhibit properties analogous to human skin. Specifically, they must possess both adhesive and non-adhesive characteristics to function effectively. The adhesive property ensures secure attachment to the wound site, while the non-adhesive side acts as a protective barrier against external contaminants.

Optimization of the monoclonal antibody 3E1 through W32I mutation enhances antiviral efficacy against influenza virus subtypes H1N1 and H3N2.

The influenza virus has caused a global pandemic with significant morbidity and mortality, underscoring the need to optimize antibodies for improved antiviral efficacy. The monoclonal antibody 3E1 effectively neutralizes Group 1 influenza subtypes, H1 and H5, by inhibiting acid-induced conformational changes of hemagglutinin (HA). However, its neutralizing activity is relatively weak against the Group 2 subtype, H3.

Iterative Learning Control Without Resetting Conditions of an Algorithm Based on a Finite-Time Zeroing Neural Network.

In this paper, an iterative learning control without resetting conditions based on a finite-time zeroing neural network (NRCILC-FTZNN) is designed for trajectory tracking of a robotic manipulator operating under external disturbances and executing repetitive tasks. A finite-time zeroing neural network (FTZNN) is developed to eliminate external disturbances and enhance convergence. Furthermore, an iterative learning control without resetting conditions based on the FTZNN is proposed to automatically provide the initial state value in each iteration, thereby eliminating the need for reset conditions.

Theoretical investigation of solvent-polarity-dependent excited-state intramolecular proton transfer behavior for incorporated bulky -CF side semi-aliphatic polyimide.

Context: In this work, the molecular properties of the novel semi-aliphatic polyimide derivative with incorporating bulky -CF side groups (3H-6F) in gas, chloroform and acetonitrile have been studied by DFT and TDDFT methods. The optimal reaction path could be found to regulate the occurrence of excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) reaction. In S state, the strength of O1-H2···O3 hydrogen bond increases significantly and contributes to the ESIPT reaction providing the driving force.

The analysis of learning investment effect for artificial intelligence English translation model based on deep neural network.

With the rapid development of multimodal learning technologies, this work proposes a Future-Aware Multimodal Consistency Translation (FACT) model. This model incorporates future information guidance and multimodal consistency modeling to improve translation quality and enhance language learning efficiency. The model innovatively integrates target future contextual information with a multimodal consistency loss function, effectively capturing the interaction between text and visual information to optimize translation performance.

Bentonite and gallotannin-mediated silver nanoparticle-modified chitosan biofilms for food preservation.

In view of the increasingly severe environmental hazards posed by traditional plastic packaging materials, this study develops a biodegradable chitosan (CS) film to address deficiencies in water solubility and mechanical properties, thereby promoting its wide application in the field of food packaging. A novel antioxidant, antibacterial, and biodegradable food packaging film was synthesized using natural bentonite (Bt) and gallic acid (GA) - mediated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). This is the first study to integrate Bt, GA, and in-situ-synthesized AgNPs into chitosan films for synergistic antioxidant/antibacterial enhancement.

Food and medicine homology: a potential nutritional intervention strategy for post-acute COVID-19 syndrome.

After recovering from severe acute respiratory syndrome of coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) acute infection, some patients with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) still are affected by post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS). Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has played an important role in the recovery period of COVID-19. As a unique type of Chinese botanical drugs, foods with property of food and medicine homology (FMH) has the dual characteristics of drug and food, which has advantages over usual drugs in safety and daily application.

Identification of Key Features Pivotal to the Characteristics and Functions of Gut Bacteria Taxa through Machine Learning Methods.

Background: Gut bacteria critically influence digestion, facilitate the breakdown of complex food substances, aid in essential nutrient synthesis, and contribute to immune system balance. However, current knowledge regarding intestinal bacteria remains insufficient.

Objective: This study aims to discover essential differences for different intestinal bacteria.

Precision design of highly sensitive luminescent thermometers via crystal field splitting engineering.

Rare earth-doped up-conversion luminescent materials have attracted considerable attention in the field of optical temperature sensing due to their superior spatial resolution and fast response. However, their practical application has been fundamentally hindered by their low relative sensitivity (S), which inherently restricts the accuracy of temperature measurement, and conventional optimization strategies, which predominantly rely on empirical trial-and-error approaches, and lack systematic theoretical guidance for rational material design. To address these critical challenges, we propose a novel thermometric paradigm based on the energy splitting factor (K) to theoretically determine the energy gap (ΔE) between thermally coupled excited states.

Novel Red-Emitting Copper Nanoclusters as Fluorescence-Quenching Probes for Selective Detection of Congo Red.

Congo red poses significant toxicity to both humans and the environment, and its persistence in natural habitats for prolonged periods exacerbates these risks. Therefore, accurate detection of Congo red is crucial. In this study, red-emitting copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs) were synthesized through a novel strategy at room temperature within 15 min, using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as the protective ligand and 3-mercaptophenylboronic acid (3-MPBA) as both stabilizing and reducing agents.

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester protects infection by toxin inhibition and microbiota modulation.

infection (CDI) is the leading cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea that seriously threatens public health. The disruption of normal gut microbiota by the use of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents enables to proliferate in the colon. The emergence and prevalence of hypervirulent strains result in increased morbidity, mortality, and high recurrence rates of CDI, thus creating a pressing need for novel therapeutics.

Ultrasensitive and multiplexed microRNA analysis: Integrated RNA microreactor-capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry platform.

Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) is a powerful tool for the separation and characterization of a wide range of biomolecules with the joint merits of both CE separation and MS detection; yet its potential in multiplexed microRNAs (miRNAs) analysis remains relatively underdeveloped, owing to their extremely low expression level and high family sequence homology in complex biological matrices. To address these limitations, we develop an integrated microreactor-assisted CE-MS platform that enables signal amplification and automated sample processing. Specifically, the uniquely-designed RNA-immobilized capillary microreactor (RNA-IMR) is fabricated at the inlet of a capillary and the successive CE-MS analysis is performed via the outlet of the same capillary as the electrospray ionization (ESI) source.

Redefining the capacity limitation of Li-air batteries by uncoupling the competitive multiple-transport and nucleation.

An ordered thick porous air electrode was designed to decouple O/Li/electron transport, redefining the relationship between current density and capacity, and challenging the misunderstanding of high capacity at low current density. This result provides guidance for the design of the cathode structure for metal-air batteries.

Synergistic multi-crosslinked networks in chitosan/Gallic acid/Fe composite biofilms with high UV resistance and antioxidant properties.

Food spoilage leads to plenty of food being wasted every year. Safe and multifunctional food preservation packaging is urgently required to prevent food from contamination. Chitosan/gallic acid/Fe (CSGA-Fe) composite films were synthesized by incorporating gallic acid (GA) and Fe into a chitosan solution.

Tuning Transmission Properties of Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Waveguides Using Functional Dielectric Cavities.

In this study, the photonic band structure, transmissivity, and electric field distribution of a two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled waveguide structure are calculated using the supercell technique and finite element method. The waveguide consists of circular KNbO3 and functional dielectric cylinders embedded in air. The dielectric constant of a functional medium cylinder is spatially dependent, which is realized through the electro-optic and Kerr effects.

Cellulose nanocomposite hydrogel-conductive, antimicrobial and high tenacity sensor for information encryption, human motion monitoring and animal behavior studies.

Conductive hydrogels have garnered significant attention in advanced applications, particularly in wearable strain sensors. Nevertheless, the challenge of fabricating wearable sensors that demonstrate both optimal mechanical properties and high conductivity persists. In this study, we successfully developed a multifunctional hydrogel sensor comprising acrylamide (AM), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC).

Plantamajoside alleviates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by modulating gut microbiota, upregulating CBS, and inhibiting NF-κB.

Background: Plantamajoside (PMS) is a natural bioactive compound derived from medicinal, food homologous plants of the genus Plantago.

Purpose And Methods: This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of PMS on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice and explore the associated mechanisms.

Results: We found that PMS treatment significantly alleviated UC symptoms in mice by preventing body weight loss, increasing colon length, and reducing disease activity index scores.

OH-initiated degradation of 2,2',4,4',5,6'-hexabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-154) in the atmosphere and wastewater: Mechanisms, kinetics, and ecotoxicity.

In the present work, the reaction mechanism and kinetics of 2,2',4,4',5,6'-hexabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-154) with OH were researched by employing density functional theory (DFT) and transition state theory (TST). The gas-phase and aqueous solution reaction mechanisms and kinetic parameters were computed at the level of M06-2X/6-311++G (3df, 3pd)//M06-2X/6-311G (d,p). The OH-addition of the non-bromine replaced carbon atom of the aromatic ring in BDE-154 is superior to substitution and H-abstraction mechanisms.

Climate change news exposure, first and third-person effects, and eco-anxiety in the Chinese general population: a moderation model.

Objective: This study examines the relationship between exposure to climate change news and eco-anxiety in the Chinese general population, exploring the moderating effects of first-person effect (FPE) and third-person effect (TPE).

Methods: Utilizing a non-representative sample of 1483 Chinese adults, we conducted an online survey assessing media consumption across traditional and digital platforms, FPE, TPE, and eco-anxiety. The survey included structured items measuring the frequency and impact of climate change news exposure, alongside scales for assessing eco-anxiety and perceptual biases (FPE and TPE).