Microbiota-Dependent Fiber Responses: A Proof-of-Concept Study on Short-chain Fatty Acid Production in Prevotella- and Bacteroides-Dominated Healthy Individuals.

Background: Dietary fiber supports metabolic health via microbial fermentation, producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). However, metabolic responses to fiber vary between individuals, potentially due to differences in gut microbiota composition. The Prevotella-to-Bacteroides (P/B) ratio has emerged as a potential biomarker for fiber responsiveness.

Directed Design of Anti-Idiotypic Nanobody with Antibacterial Activity against Foodborne and Its Innovative Application in Green Immunoassay.

Anti-idiotypic antibodies (Anti-Ids) possess the properties to mimic the structure and biological activity of an antigen, which can be utilized for preventing and monitoring hazards. In this study, Nb4Mutant6-Anti-Id, which mimics the structure and antibacterial activity of vancomycin, was designed based on phage display antibody library screening and mutagenesis technology. The affinity of Nb4Mutant6-Anti-Id for the coated antigens of Van-pAbs F(ab)2 and inactivated cells was 6.

Carryover effects of feeding tropical fresh or air-dried roughage to Holstein-Friesian crossbred dairy cows on nutritional, techno-functional, and sensory properties of mozzarella cheese.

This study investigated how different dietary roughages, Napier-Pakchong (NP), jumbo sorghum (JB), and rice straw (RS) fed to Holstein-Friesian (HF) crossbred cows affect the nutritional, techno-functional, and sensory properties of mozzarella cheese under tropical conditions in Bangladesh. Iso-nitrogenous (≈12.54% CP) and iso-energetic (ME ≈2.

Clostridium tyrobutyricum strains exhibit high genetic diversity and differ in their ability to cause late blowing defect in washed-curd cheese.

Clostridium tyrobutyricum is a spore-forming bacterium and is considered to be one of the main causative agents of late blowing defect (LBD) of hard and semi-hard cheeses. However, the spoilage potential of C. tyrobutyricum appears to be strain dependent.

Demystifying Intricate Factors of Nutritional Anemia Beyond Iron Deficiency-A Narrative Review.

Background & Aims: Nutritional anemia is a widespread public health issue, impacting about one-quarter of the global population (24.3% in 2021; ∼1.92 billion people).

Planetary Health Diet and risk of mortality and chronic diseases: Results from US NHANES, UK Biobank, and a meta-analysis.

The health benefits of the Planetary Health Diet (PHD) require further validation. We examined associations between PHD adherence and risks of mortality and chronic diseases using data from two prospective cohorts-the US NHANES (1999-2018, 42,947 participants) and the UKB (125,372 participants)-and a meta-analysis of 37 published cohort studies (3,244,263 participants). Higher adherence to PHD was associated with lower all-cause mortality in both cohorts.

A systematic review of health promoting effects of consumption of whey-based fermented products on adults.

Introduction: Fermented whey-based products show significant potential as functional foods, owing to their rich nutritional profile and the generation of bioactive compounds during fermentation. This systematic narrative review evaluates the health effects of fermented-whey consumption based on evidence from human studies in adults.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using electronic databases including, PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library for studies published between 1.

Dietary Phytochemicals in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Management: A Comprehensive Review.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and a major public health issue. According to recent World Health Organization (WHO) estimates, CVD causes approximately 17.9 million deaths annually, accounting for 32% of global mortality.

The Impact of Low-Lactose, High Galacto-Oligosaccharides Milk on Gut Microbiome and Plasma Metabolome in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Clinical Trial Complemented by Ex Vivo Experiments.

Background: Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) intake has been linked to health benefits via modulation of the gut microbiome. Milk, where the majority of lactose is enzymatically converted to GOS (called here Novel or "N milk"), retains milk's nutritional value with reduced lactose and a high amount of prebiotic GOS.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of N milk on the gut microbiome and related changes in health-related biomarkers, complemented by ex vivo fermentation experiments.

Effectiveness of a permethrin-treated barrier and pour-on applications against Culicoides spp. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) and mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) on a deer farm.

Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) and mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are important vectors of pathogens affecting ruminants. On deer farms, Culicoides species transmit bluetongue virus and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus, while mosquitoes can cause chronic stress and even exsanguination. We evaluated the effectiveness of the insecticide -InsectGuard (0.

Potentials of food-derived peptides as novel antihypertensive agents and their acting mechanisms.

Food-derived bioactive peptides exhibit therapeutic potentials in hypertension management in recent years. This review firstly synthesizes findings from a total of 62 relevant studies concerning the potentials of both plant- and animal-derived peptides. Secondly, the molecular targets and acting mechanisms underlying the antihypertensive effects of food-derived peptides are discussed.

Non-destructive freshness assessment of mackerel (Scomber japonicus) using colorimetric analysis and machine learning-based prediction models.

Freshness is a critical attribute of seafood quality. However, conventional assessment methods are time-consuming and destructive. This study investigated a non-destructive approach using colorimetric analysis of the eye, belly, and dorsal regions of mackerel (Scomber japonicus), and correlated these changes with microbiological and physicochemical freshness indicators.

Nutritional iodine intake in patients with anorexia nervosa.

Objective: Iodine deficiency (ID) causes a wide range of health issues, from endemic goiter to more subtle effects resulting from reduced thyroid hormone production. The recommended daily iodine intake for adolescents and adults is 150 µg, which corresponds to a median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) of 100-299 µg/L at the population level. Individuals with anorexia nervosa typically suffer from deficiencies in micronutrients and vitamins, but there is little data on iodine status.

Empirical evidence supports neither land sparing nor land sharing as the main strategy to manage agriculture-biodiversity tradeoffs.

Agricultural land-use change is a key driver of biodiversity loss. Two alternative strategies have been discussed to align biodiversity conservation with agricultural production in landscapes containing agriculture: (i) land sparing, with intensive agriculture strictly separated from natural land, and (ii) land sharing, a mosaic of low-intensity agriculture and natural elements. Sparing builds on high-yielding intensive production to provide more area for natural habitats; sharing aims to support biodiversity within agricultural landscapes by employing wildlife-friendly farming practices.

Addressing wastewater challenges in the dairy industry: a focused case study.

This Research Paper addresses the hypothesis that wastewater characteristics in the dairy industry vary with product type and operational procedures, and that current treatment methods face limitations in managing such variability. The study examined raw and clean-in-place (CIP) wastewater from a Serbian dairy plant over three years. Physico-chemical and microbiological analyses included pH, protein, fat, carbohydrates, total solids, total microorganisms, , Enterobacteriaceae, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and dissolved oxygen (O).

Convergent domestication of bitter apples and pears by selecting mutations of MYB transcription factors to reduce proanthocyanidin levels.

Fruit domestication has long aimed to reduce bitterness, yet the molecular mechanisms behind this trait remain only partially understood. Wild apples and pears naturally accumulate high levels of bitter proanthocyanidins (PAs), also known as condensed tannins. In this study, a convergent domestication process was identified in both fruits, involving the selection of weak alleles of MYB transcription factors that regulate PA biosynthesis.

The microbial approach for mitigation of acrylamide in processed foods: A critical review.

Acrylamide is a surging food safety concern due to its genotoxicity in humans. Numerous efforts have been made to mitigate acrylamide using various conventional and emerging technologies. However, these methods either imparted unacceptable sensory attributes or could not substantially mitigate acrylamide.

Mutations in the Substrate-Binding Pocket of DiacylGlycerol Acyltransferase Alter the Fatty Acid Composition of Triacylglycerides in Yeast.

Triacylglycerols (TAGs) are the main components of food oils and fats. The fatty acid composition of TAGs varies for different oils and fats. Specific enzymes sequentially add three fatty acids to the glycerol backbone of TAGs.

Neem (): A Miracle Herb; Panacea for All Ailments.

The neem tree (), native to the Indian subcontinent, has recently gained global recognition because of its extensive therapeutic qualities. It contains a high concentration of antioxidants and other valuable active substances including azadirachtin, salannin, nimbidin, nimbolinin, nimbidol, nimbin, and quercetin, which are extracted from various plant parts. It has been widely utilized in Ayurveda, Unani, and Homeopathic treatments and has gained significant attention in modern medicine.

Innovative Strategies for Postharvest Disease Management in Fruits and Vegetables: A Comprehensive Treatise.

Postharvest diseases, driven by necrotrophic fungi such as , , and , pose a significant threat to global fruit and vegetable supply chains, resulting in annual losses of 20%-40% and economic impacts exceeding $10 billion. This review critically evaluates innovative, sustainable strategies for biological control, nanotechnology, edible coatings, and plant growth regulators (PGRs) to mitigate these losses, emphasizing their mechanisms and efficacy. Biological agents like and reduce disease incidence by 60%-85% through volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nutrient competition.

Effect of Takadiastase on the Extraction of Biotin from Plant-Based Foods.

This study aimed to evaluate the extraction of biotin from plant-based foods using takadiastase in combination with autoclave- or ultrasound-assisted extraction. In cereals, vegetables, and mushrooms, autoclave-assisted enzymatic extraction obtained higher analytical values compared with autoclave-assisted extraction. However, in legumes and nuts, ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction obtained higher biotin content compared with either autoclave- or ultrasound-assisted extraction.

Targeting deubiquitinating enzymes and ubiquitin pathway modulators to enhance host defense against bacterial infections.

The rise of antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens poses a critical global health challenge, necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies. This study explores host-targeted therapies by focusing on deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), key regulators of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) that mediate host-pathogen interactions. Using -infected macrophages, we screened a UPS-targeted compound library and identified several compounds that enhanced bacterial clearance without affecting host cell viability.

Moisture Microenvironment-Regulating Electro spun Membranes for Extending Litchi Shelf Life.

To address post-harvest issues of litchi, including browning, water loss, and nutrient degradation, a moisture microenvironment-regulating electro spun membrane was prepared by incorporating hydrophobic carnauba wax (CW)@nano silica (SiO) composite powder into a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) matrix via electro spinning. The dynamic water penetration equilibrium was evaluated by monitoring the water vapor absorption of the electrospun membrane within 12 h, while the effects of CW@SiO on the micro-structure, mechanical properties, hydrophobicity, and thermal stability were investigated. Results showed that the tensile strength of the PET-2.

Functional characterization of NLG14 provides novel insights into the synergistic improvement of grain length, grain quality and salt tolerance in rice.

Rice, as a vital food crop, faces persistent challenges in breeding programs aimed at achieving stable high yield under environmental stresses due to intrinsic trade-off mechanisms. This study functionally characterizes NARROW AND LONGER GRAIN 14 (NLG14), which encodes a spermine synthase. Loss-of-function nlg14 mutants exhibit slender grains due to enhanced cell expansion and proliferation, alongside significantly improved grain quality-manifested as reduced chalkiness, lower amylose/protein content, higher gel consistency, and superior taste value.

Sample pretreatment-free rapid determination of difenoconazole in vegetables by swellable hydrogel microneedles.

Difenoconazole is a broad-spectrum triazole fungicide that widely used in fruits and vegetables. However, excessive use of difenoconazole may cause extremely adverse side effects on ecosystems and human health. Nevertheless, currently available detection methods require time-consuming, labor-intensive sample preparation, hindering the rapid screening of difenoconazole in agricultural products.