The Impact of Low-Lactose, High Galacto-Oligosaccharides Milk on Gut Microbiome and Plasma Metabolome in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Clinical Trial Complemented by Ex Vivo Experiments.

Background: Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) intake has been linked to health benefits via modulation of the gut microbiome. Milk, where the majority of lactose is enzymatically converted to GOS (called here Novel or "N milk"), retains milk's nutritional value with reduced lactose and a high amount of prebiotic GOS.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of N milk on the gut microbiome and related changes in health-related biomarkers, complemented by ex vivo fermentation experiments.

Effectiveness of a permethrin-treated barrier and pour-on applications against Culicoides spp. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) and mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) on a deer farm.

Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) and mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are important vectors of pathogens affecting ruminants. On deer farms, Culicoides species transmit bluetongue virus and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus, while mosquitoes can cause chronic stress and even exsanguination. We evaluated the effectiveness of the insecticide -InsectGuard (0.

Potentials of food-derived peptides as novel antihypertensive agents and their acting mechanisms.

Food-derived bioactive peptides exhibit therapeutic potentials in hypertension management in recent years. This review firstly synthesizes findings from a total of 62 relevant studies concerning the potentials of both plant- and animal-derived peptides. Secondly, the molecular targets and acting mechanisms underlying the antihypertensive effects of food-derived peptides are discussed.

Non-destructive freshness assessment of mackerel (Scomber japonicus) using colorimetric analysis and machine learning-based prediction models.

Freshness is a critical attribute of seafood quality. However, conventional assessment methods are time-consuming and destructive. This study investigated a non-destructive approach using colorimetric analysis of the eye, belly, and dorsal regions of mackerel (Scomber japonicus), and correlated these changes with microbiological and physicochemical freshness indicators.

Nutritional iodine intake in patients with anorexia nervosa.

Objective: Iodine deficiency (ID) causes a wide range of health issues, from endemic goiter to more subtle effects resulting from reduced thyroid hormone production. The recommended daily iodine intake for adolescents and adults is 150 µg, which corresponds to a median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) of 100-299 µg/L at the population level. Individuals with anorexia nervosa typically suffer from deficiencies in micronutrients and vitamins, but there is little data on iodine status.

Empirical evidence supports neither land sparing nor land sharing as the main strategy to manage agriculture-biodiversity tradeoffs.

Agricultural land-use change is a key driver of biodiversity loss. Two alternative strategies have been discussed to align biodiversity conservation with agricultural production in landscapes containing agriculture: (i) land sparing, with intensive agriculture strictly separated from natural land, and (ii) land sharing, a mosaic of low-intensity agriculture and natural elements. Sparing builds on high-yielding intensive production to provide more area for natural habitats; sharing aims to support biodiversity within agricultural landscapes by employing wildlife-friendly farming practices.

Addressing wastewater challenges in the dairy industry: a focused case study.

This Research Paper addresses the hypothesis that wastewater characteristics in the dairy industry vary with product type and operational procedures, and that current treatment methods face limitations in managing such variability. The study examined raw and clean-in-place (CIP) wastewater from a Serbian dairy plant over three years. Physico-chemical and microbiological analyses included pH, protein, fat, carbohydrates, total solids, total microorganisms, , Enterobacteriaceae, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and dissolved oxygen (O).

Convergent domestication of bitter apples and pears by selecting mutations of MYB transcription factors to reduce proanthocyanidin levels.

Fruit domestication has long aimed to reduce bitterness, yet the molecular mechanisms behind this trait remain only partially understood. Wild apples and pears naturally accumulate high levels of bitter proanthocyanidins (PAs), also known as condensed tannins. In this study, a convergent domestication process was identified in both fruits, involving the selection of weak alleles of MYB transcription factors that regulate PA biosynthesis.

The microbial approach for mitigation of acrylamide in processed foods: A critical review.

Acrylamide is a surging food safety concern due to its genotoxicity in humans. Numerous efforts have been made to mitigate acrylamide using various conventional and emerging technologies. However, these methods either imparted unacceptable sensory attributes or could not substantially mitigate acrylamide.

Mutations in the Substrate-Binding Pocket of DiacylGlycerol Acyltransferase Alter the Fatty Acid Composition of Triacylglycerides in Yeast.

Triacylglycerols (TAGs) are the main components of food oils and fats. The fatty acid composition of TAGs varies for different oils and fats. Specific enzymes sequentially add three fatty acids to the glycerol backbone of TAGs.

Neem (): A Miracle Herb; Panacea for All Ailments.

The neem tree (), native to the Indian subcontinent, has recently gained global recognition because of its extensive therapeutic qualities. It contains a high concentration of antioxidants and other valuable active substances including azadirachtin, salannin, nimbidin, nimbolinin, nimbidol, nimbin, and quercetin, which are extracted from various plant parts. It has been widely utilized in Ayurveda, Unani, and Homeopathic treatments and has gained significant attention in modern medicine.

Innovative Strategies for Postharvest Disease Management in Fruits and Vegetables: A Comprehensive Treatise.

Postharvest diseases, driven by necrotrophic fungi such as , , and , pose a significant threat to global fruit and vegetable supply chains, resulting in annual losses of 20%-40% and economic impacts exceeding $10 billion. This review critically evaluates innovative, sustainable strategies for biological control, nanotechnology, edible coatings, and plant growth regulators (PGRs) to mitigate these losses, emphasizing their mechanisms and efficacy. Biological agents like and reduce disease incidence by 60%-85% through volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nutrient competition.

Effect of Takadiastase on the Extraction of Biotin from Plant-Based Foods.

This study aimed to evaluate the extraction of biotin from plant-based foods using takadiastase in combination with autoclave- or ultrasound-assisted extraction. In cereals, vegetables, and mushrooms, autoclave-assisted enzymatic extraction obtained higher analytical values compared with autoclave-assisted extraction. However, in legumes and nuts, ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction obtained higher biotin content compared with either autoclave- or ultrasound-assisted extraction.

Targeting deubiquitinating enzymes and ubiquitin pathway modulators to enhance host defense against bacterial infections.

The rise of antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens poses a critical global health challenge, necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies. This study explores host-targeted therapies by focusing on deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), key regulators of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) that mediate host-pathogen interactions. Using -infected macrophages, we screened a UPS-targeted compound library and identified several compounds that enhanced bacterial clearance without affecting host cell viability.

Moisture Microenvironment-Regulating Electro spun Membranes for Extending Litchi Shelf Life.

To address post-harvest issues of litchi, including browning, water loss, and nutrient degradation, a moisture microenvironment-regulating electro spun membrane was prepared by incorporating hydrophobic carnauba wax (CW)@nano silica (SiO) composite powder into a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) matrix via electro spinning. The dynamic water penetration equilibrium was evaluated by monitoring the water vapor absorption of the electrospun membrane within 12 h, while the effects of CW@SiO on the micro-structure, mechanical properties, hydrophobicity, and thermal stability were investigated. Results showed that the tensile strength of the PET-2.

Functional characterization of NLG14 provides novel insights into the synergistic improvement of grain length, grain quality and salt tolerance in rice.

Rice, as a vital food crop, faces persistent challenges in breeding programs aimed at achieving stable high yield under environmental stresses due to intrinsic trade-off mechanisms. This study functionally characterizes NARROW AND LONGER GRAIN 14 (NLG14), which encodes a spermine synthase. Loss-of-function nlg14 mutants exhibit slender grains due to enhanced cell expansion and proliferation, alongside significantly improved grain quality-manifested as reduced chalkiness, lower amylose/protein content, higher gel consistency, and superior taste value.

Sample pretreatment-free rapid determination of difenoconazole in vegetables by swellable hydrogel microneedles.

Difenoconazole is a broad-spectrum triazole fungicide that widely used in fruits and vegetables. However, excessive use of difenoconazole may cause extremely adverse side effects on ecosystems and human health. Nevertheless, currently available detection methods require time-consuming, labor-intensive sample preparation, hindering the rapid screening of difenoconazole in agricultural products.

Synergistic enhancement of PBAT biodegradation by Purpureocillium lilacinum BA1S: Insights from transcriptomics and functional analyses.

Poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) is a biodegradable polyester widely used in agriculture and packaging. However, its slow decomposition under natural conditions raises environmental concerns. In this study, we explored strategies to enhance PBAT degradation by Purpureocillium lilacinum strain BA1S.

Orally administered extracellular vesicles from -infected macrophages confer protective immunity .

is a leading cause of foodborne illness in the United States and worldwide. This enteric pathogen deploys various mechanisms to evade the intestinal mucosal barrier to enhance its survival and further infect systemic tissues. Commercially available vaccines against are currently restricted to the serovar Typhi, while none are currently approved for non-typhoidal (NTS) serovars, which are becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics.

The plant growth-promoting produces acyl-homoserine lactones and modulates the quorum-sensing signaling in the rhizosphere.

The genus , comprising over 60 species, represents a highly diverse group of bacteria known for their exceptional metabolic versatility. Quorum sensing (QS), a mechanism of cell-density-dependent gene regulation, plays a critical role in host colonization, environmental adaptation, and, in many cases, pathogenesis. Due to the established link between QS and virulence, most QS studies in complex (Bcc) species have focused on pathogenic strains.

Physicochemical, Antioxidant, Microbial, and Sensory Analysis of Buffalo Milk Stirred Yogurt Fortified With Cactus Pear () Pulp.

The current study aimed to evaluate the impact of incorporating cactus pear pulp (CPP) at various concentrations (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% w/w) levels on the physicochemical, functional, LAB, and sensory attributes of stirred buffalo milk yogurt during refrigerated storage over 21 days. The results revealed that all measured qualitative attributes of yogurt samples were significantly ( < 0.05) affected by the CPP concentrations and storage durations.

Impact of small molecule surfactant type and oil phase composition on Ostwald ripening in model food emulsions.

Unlabelled: Ostwald ripening destabilizes emulsified oils with significant water solubility, such as flavor oils, essential oils, and small triacylglycerols, by increasing oil droplet size over time. This study examined how small molecule surfactant types and oil phase composition affect Ostwald ripening rates in model oil-in-water emulsions. Emulsified -decane was stabilized using two non-ionic surfactants with the different structures: polyoxyethylene (100) stearyl ether or poloxamer P407.

Impact of emulsifier mixing and inhibitor type on Ostwald ripening of model food emulsions.

Unlabelled: This study examined how the ability to inhibit Ostwald ripening varies with ripening inhibitor type and how interfacial composition affects inhibitor efficiency. Emulsions were stabilized using Brij S100 and S20, which differ in ethylene oxide unit numbers, while medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) and ester gum (EG), possessing distinct molecular structures, were incorporated as ripening inhibitors. Ostwald ripening rate decreased with a higher proportion of Brij S20 at the interfacial membrane.

Sake Lees: A Potential Feed Ingredient to Enhance Intestinal Barrier Function in Indigenous Meat-type Chickens.

Food loss and waste (FLW) is a serious problem worldwide. One proposed solution is to divert FLW to livestock feed. From the viewpoint of food mileage, it is increasingly recommended that the distance that food travels between the sites of production and consumption is as short as possible (the consumption of local food products).

Poly(butylene adipate--terephthalate)/Graphene Oxide/Carbon Black Nanocomposite Films for Agricultural Applications: From Mechanical Performance to Ecotoxicological Effects.

Poly-(butylene adipate--terephthalate) (PBAT) nanocomposite films containing graphene oxide (GO) and carbon black (CB) were prepared through plane extrusion to assess their potential for agricultural applications. The films with 0.25% and 0.